Dynamics of drug contamination of the river-water in the rural, semirural and urban areas of the Mrežnica River in Croatia during COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021).
Analgesics
Ibuprofen
Pharmaceuticals
Stimulants
Surface water
Journal
Environmental science and pollution research international
ISSN: 1614-7499
Titre abrégé: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9441769
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Sep 2023
Sep 2023
Historique:
received:
26
04
2023
accepted:
14
07
2023
medline:
1
9
2023
pubmed:
29
7
2023
entrez:
29
7
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Increased contamination of aquatic ecosystems with pharmaceuticals could have been expected due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Surface water from three domains (rural, semirural, urban) of the Mrežnica River (Croatia) was screened for 253 pharmaceuticals by SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS. At the beginning of the pandemic, the highest concentration of drugs (excluding veterinary) was detected at urban site (291.4 ng/L), followed by semirural (186.5 ng/L) and rural (141.6 ng/L). With the progression of pandemic, contamination increase was observed at all sites, but it was the most obvious at semirural (approximately 400-700 ng/L). The most pronounced concentration increases were observed for non-opioid analgesics, especially ibuprofen. In September 2021, the first notable occurrence of opioid analgesics was recorded. The most represented group of pharmaceuticals at the start of the pandemic (May 2020) was generally stimulants (caffeine, cotinine). In September 2021, the predominant group was analgesics at all sites (45-84%), whereas stimulants decreased to undetectable levels. The results of this study indicated that the epidemiological measures and medical treatments that were widely imposed/applied caused notable increase of the surface water contamination with drugs of a small river with limited dilution capacity, indirectly pointing to the changes that occurred in the behaviour and habits of the inhabitants of the affected areas.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37515617
doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-28845-7
pii: 10.1007/s11356-023-28845-7
doi:
Substances chimiques
Water Pollutants, Chemical
0
Analgesics
0
Water
059QF0KO0R
Pharmaceutical Preparations
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
93652-93666Subventions
Organisme : Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost
ID : IP-2019-04-2636
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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