Evaluation of sexual function after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: A farewell to IIEF questionnaire.


Journal

International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association
ISSN: 1442-2042
Titre abrégé: Int J Urol
Pays: Australia
ID NLM: 9440237

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
11 2023
Historique:
received: 21 05 2023
accepted: 09 07 2023
medline: 2 11 2023
pubmed: 1 8 2023
entrez: 1 8 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Longevity with localized prostate cancer (PCa) has been achieved, and the contribution of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) to cancer control is evident. The next step to investigate in the treatment of localized PCa is improvement of the quality of life (QOL) after RARP. Erectile dysfunction has been considered a major surgical complication, and patient satisfaction after RARP has not improved despite the development of nerve preservation and penile rehabilitation. To comprehensively understand sexual dysfunction after RARP, we must investigate other complications with regard to sexual health, including low sexual desire, disturbed orgasmic function (i.e., anejaculation, orgasm intensity, painful orgasm, and climacturia), shortening of penile length, penile curvature (Peyronie's disease) and unique psychological alterations after the diagnosis of PCa, which are neglected side effects after prostatectomy. In this context, routine evaluation of erectile function by the International Index of Erectile Function only is not sufficient to understand patients' difficulties. A questionnaire is just one way of enabling patients to evaluate their pre- and postoperative concerns; listening to patients face-to-face is warranted to detect symptoms. Understanding the relationship between symptoms and preserved nerve localization can ultimately provide an individualized nerve-sparing procedure and improve patient satisfaction after RARP. In combination with psychological counseling, including the partner and medical treatment, such as testosterone replacement, it is time to reconsider ways to improve sexual dysfunction after RARP.

Identifiants

pubmed: 37526397
doi: 10.1111/iju.15264
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

959-967

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

© 2023 The Japanese Urological Association.

Références

Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Miller D, Brest A, Yu M, et al. SEER cancer statistics review, 1975-2017. National Cancer Institute, USA.gov, 2017. https://seercancergov/archive/csr/1975_2017/. Accessed 20 July, 2017
Vickers A, Bennette C, Steineck G, Adami HO, Johansson JE, Bill-Axelson A, et al. Individualized estimation of the benefit of radical prostatectomy from the Scandinavian prostate cancer group randomized trial. Eur Urol. 2012;62:204-209.
Whiting PF, Moore TH, Jameson CM, Davies P, Rowlands MA, Burke M, et al. Symptomatic and quality-of-life outcomes after treatment for clinically localised prostate cancer: a systematic review. BJU Int. 2016;118:193-204.
Salonia A, Burnett AL, Graefen M, Hatzimouratidis K, Montorsi F, Mulhall JP, et al. Prevention and management of postprostatectomy sexual dysfunctions part 2: recovery and preservation of erectile function, sexual desire, and orgasmic function. Eur Urol. 2012;62:273-286.
Capogrosso P, Vertosick EA, Benfante NE, Eastham JA, Scardino PJ, Vickers AJ, et al. Are we improving erectile function recovery after radical prostatectomy? Analysis of patients treated over the last decade. Eur Urol. 2019;75:221-228.
Frey A, Sonksen J, Jakobsen H, Fode M. Prevalence and predicting factors for commonly neglected sexual side effects to radical prostatectomies: results from a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. J Sex Med. 2014;11:2318-2326.
Deveci S, Gotto GT, Alex B, O'Brien KO, Mulhall JP. A survey of patient expectations regarding sexual function following radical prostatectomy. BJU Int. 2016;118:641-645.
Schroeck FR, Krupski TL, Sun L, Albala DM, Price MM, Polascik TJ, et al. Satisfaction and regret after open retropubic or robotassisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol. 2008;54:785-793.
Namiki S, Kwan L, Kagawa-Singer M, Tochigi T, Ioritani N, Terai A, et al. Sexual function following radical prostatectomy: a prospective longitudinal study of cultural differences between Japanese and American men. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2008;11:298-302.
Kohada Y, Ito J, Kaiho Y, Kusumoto H, Kukimoto T, Mikami J, et al. Importance of considering interest in sex when evaluating satisfaction after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Int J Urol. 2022;29:446-454.
Ben Charif A, Bouhnik AD, Courbiere B, Rey D, Preau M, Bendiane MK, et al. Patient discussion about sexual health with health care providers after cancer-a national survey. J Sex Med. 2016;13:1686-1694.
Wittmann D, Mehta A, McCaughan E, Faraday M, Duby A, Matthew A, et al. Guidelines for sexual health Care for Prostate Cancer Patients: recommendations of an international panel. J Sex Med. 2022;19:1655-1669.
Hamoen EHJ, De Rooij M, Witjes JA, Barentsz JO, Rovers MM. Measuring healthrelated quality of life in men with prostate cancer: a systematic review of the most used questionnaires and their validity. Urol Oncol. 2015;33:e19-e28.
Rosen RC, Riley A, Wagner G, Osterloh IH, Kirkpatrick J, Mishra A. The international index of erectile function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology. 1997;49:822-830.
Rosen RC, Cappelleri JC, Smith MD, Lipsky J, Peña BM. Development and evaluation of an abridged, 5-item version of the international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool for erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 1999;11:319-326.
Weinfurt KP, Lin L, Bruner DW, Cyranowski JM, Dombeck CB, Hahn EA, et al. Development and initial validation of the PROMIS(R) sexual function and satisfaction measures version 2.0. J Sex Med. 2015;12:1961-1974.
Althof SE, Corty EW, Levine SB, Levine F, Burnett AL, McVary K, et al. EDITS: development of questionnaires for evaluating satisfaction with treatments for erectile dysfunction. Urology. 1999;53:793-799.
Cappelleri JC, Tseng L-J, Stecher VJ, Althof SE. Clinically important difference on the erectile dysfunction inventory of treatment satisfaction questionnaire in patients with erectile dysfunction. Int J Clin Pract. 2018;72:e13073.
Mulhall JP, Goldstein I, Bushmakin AG, Cappelleri JC, Hvidsten K. Validation of the erection hardness score. J Sex Med. 2007;4:1626-1634.
Litwin MS, Hays RD, Fink A, Ganz PA, Leake B, Brook RH. The UCLA prostate cancer index: development, reliability, and validity of a health-related quality of life measure. Med Care. 1998;36:1002-1012.
Wei JT, Dunn RL, Litwin MS, Sandler HM, Sanda MG. Development and validation of the expanded prostate cancer index composite (EPIC) for comprehensive assessment of health-related quality of life in men with prostate cancer. Urology. 2000;56:899-905.
Cappelleri JC, Althof SE, O'Leary MP, Glina S, King R, Stecher VJ, et al. Clinically meaningful improvement on the self-esteem and relationship questionnaire in men with erectile dysfunction. Qual Life Res. 2007;16:1203-1210.
Santos-Iglesias P, Walker LM. Psychometric validation of the sexual distress scale in men with prostate cancer. J Sex Med. 2018;15:1010-1020.
Hellstrom WJ, Feldman R, Rosen RC, Mith T, Kaufman G, Tursi J. Bother and distress associated with Peyronie's disease: validation of the Peyronie's disease questionnaire. J Urol. 2013;190:627-634.
Rosen R, Brown C, Heiman J, Leiblum S, Meston C, Shabsigh R, et al. The female sexual function index (FSFI): a multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function. J Sex Marital Ther. 2000;26:191-208.
Schag CA, Ganz PA, Heinrich RL. Cancer rehabilitation evaluation system−short form (CARES-SF). A cancer specific rehabilitation and quality of life instrument. Cancer. 1991;68:1406-1413.
Esper P, Mo F, Chodak G, Sinner M, Cella D, Pienta KJ. Measuring quality of life in men with prostate cancer using the functional assessment of cancer therapy-prostate instrument. Urology. 1997;50:920-928.
Nakagawa T, Kadono Y, Naito R, Wamoto H, Yaegashi H, Iijima M, et al. Factors associated with treatment satisfaction after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Anticancer Res. 2019;39:6339-6346.
Tamura K, Matsushita Y, Watanabe H, Motoyama D, Ito T, Sugiyama T, et al. Limited impact of erectile function on health-related quality of life in Japanese men undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Int J Urol. 2022;29:956-996.
Lehto US, Tenhola H, Taari K, Aromaa A. Patients' perceptions of the negative effects following different prostate cancer treatments and the impact on psychological well-being: a nationwide survey. Br J Cancer. 2017;116:864-873.
Levin RJ. The physiology of sexual arousal in the human female: a recreational and procreational synthesis. Arch Sex Behav. 2002;31:405-411.
Giuliano F. Neurophysiology of erection and ejaculation. J Sex Med. 2011;8(suppl 4):310-315.
Barnas JL, Pierpaoli S, Ladd P, Valenzuela R, Aviv N, Parker M, et al. The prevalence and nature of orgasmic dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. BJU Int. 2004;94:603-605.
Giuliano F, Clement P. Neuroanatomy and physiology of ejaculation. Annu Rev Sex Res. 2005;16:190-216.
Rowland D, McMahon CG, Abdo C, Chen J, Jannini E, Waldinger MD, et al. Disorders of orgasm and ejaculation in men. J Sex Med. 2010;7:1668-1686.
Tewari A, Grover S, Sooriakumaran P, Srivastava A, Rao S, Gupta A, et al. Nerve sparing can preserve orgasmic function i most men after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. BJU Int. 2012;109:596-602.
Giuliano F, Clement P. Physiology of ejaculation: emphasis on serotonergic control. Eur Urol. 2005;48:408-417.
O'Leary MP. Orgasmic pain and a detectable PSA level after radical prostatectomy. Rev Urol. 2005;7:240-241.
Brackett NL, Ibrahim E, Iremashvili V, Aballa TC, Lynne CM. Treatment for ejaculatory dysfunction in men with spinal cord injury: an 18-year single center experience. J Urol. 2010;183:2304-2308.
Helgason AR, Adolfsson J, Dickman P, Arver S, Fredrikson M, Göthberg M, et al. Sexual desire, erection, orgasm and ejaculatory functions and their importance to elderly Swedish men: a population-based study. Age Ageing. 1996;25:285-291.
Salonia A, Gallina A, Briganti A, Colombo R, Bertini R, Da Pozzo LF, et al. Postoperative orgasmic function increases over time in patients undergoing nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. J Sex Med. 2010;7:149-155.
Dubbelman Y, Wildhagen M, Schroder F, Bangma C, Dohle G. Orgasmic dysfunction after open radical prostatectomy: clinical correlates and prognostic factors. J Sex Med. 2010;7:1216-1223.
Honda M, Shimizu R, Teraoka S, Yumioka T, Yamaguchi N, Kawamoto B, et al. Incidence and predictive factors of orgasmic dysfunction after robot-assised radical prostatectomy: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study. Int J Urol. 2022;29:1304-1309.
Messaoudi R, Menard J, Ripert T, Parquet H, Staerman F. Erectile dysfunction and sexual health after radical prostatectomy: impact of sexual motivation. Int J Impot Res. 2011;23:81-86.
Hollenbeck BK, Dunn RL, Wei JT, Montie JE, Sanda MG. Determinants of longterm sexual health outcome after radical prostatectomy measured by a validated instrument. J Urol. 2003;169:1453-1457.
Mogorovich A, Nilsson AE, Tyritzis SI, Carlsson S, Jonsson M, Haendler L, et al. Radical prostatectomy, sparing of the seminal vesicles, and painful orgasm. J Sex Med. 2013;10:1417-1423.
Du K, Zhang C, Presson AP, Tward JD, Brant WO, Dechet CB. Orgasmic function after radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 2017;198:407-413.
Capogrosso P, Ventimigla E, Serino A, Stabile A, Boeri L, Gandaglia G, et al. Orgasmic dysfunction after robot-assisted versus open radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol. 2016;70:223-226.
Nilsson AE, Carlsson S, Johansson E, Jonsson MN, Adding C, Nyberg T, et al. Orgasm-associated urinary incontinence and sexual life after radical prostatectomy. J Sex Med. 2011;8:2632-2639.
O'Neil BB, Presson A, Gannon J, Stephenson RA, Lowrance W, Dechet CB, et al. Climacturia after definitive treatment of prostate cancer. J Urol. 2014;191:159-163.
Clavell-Hernandez J, Martin C, Wang R. Orgasmic dysfunction following radical prostatectomy: review of current literature. Sex Med Rev. 2018;6:124-134.
Jimbo M, Alom M, Pfeifer ZD, Haile ES, Stephens DA, Gopalakrishna A, et al. Prevalence and predictors of climacturia and associated patient/partner bother in patients with history of definitive therapy for prostate cancer. J Sex Med. 2020;17:1126-1132.
Mitchell SA, Jain RK, Laze J, Lepor H. Post-prostatectomy incontinence during sexual activity: a single center prevalence study. J Urol. 2011;186:982-985.
Sullivan JF, Ortega YO, Matsushita K, Choi JM, Elterman D, Akin O, et al. Climacturia after radical prostatectomy: MRI-based predictors. J Sex Med. 2020;17:1723-1728.
Guay A, Seftel AD. Sexual foreplay incontinence in men with erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy: a clinical observation. Int J Impot Res. 2008;20:199-201.
Yafi FA, Andrianne R, Alzweri L, Brady J, Butcher M, Chevalier D, et al. Andrianne mini-jupette graft at the time of inflatable penile prosthesis placement for the management of post-prostatectomy climacturia and minimal urinary incontinence. J Sex Med. 2018;15:789-796.
Valenzuela RJ, Ziegelmann MJ, Hillelsohn JH, Farrell MR, Kent MA, Levine LA. Preliminary outcomes of the male urethral “mini-sling”: a modified approach to the Andrianne mini-Jupette procedure with penile prosthesis placement for climacturia and mild stress urinary incontinence. J Sex Med. 2019;16:1310-1317.
Sighinolfi MC, Rivalta M, Mofferdin A, Micali S, De Stefani S, Bianchi G. Potential effectiveness of pelvic floor rehabilitation treatment for postradical prostatectomy incontinence, climacturia, and erectile dysfunction: a case series. J Sex Med. 2009;6:3496-3499.
Geraerts I, Van Poppel H, Devoogdt N, De Groef A, Fieuws S, Van Kampen M. Pelvic floor muscle training for erectile dysfunction and climacturia 1 year after nerve sparing radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Imp Res. 2016;28:9-13.
Mehta A, Deveci S, Mulhall JP. Efficacy of a penile variable tension loop for improving climacturia after radical prostatectomy. BJU Int. 2013;111:500-504.
Jain R, Mitchell S, Laze J, Leport H. The effect of surgical intervention for stress urinary incontinence (UI) on post-prostatectomy UI during sexual activity. BJU Int. 2012;109:1208-1212.
Kannady C, Clavell-Hernandez J. Orgasm-associated urinary incontinence (climacturia) following radical prostatectomy: a review of pathophysiology and current treatment options. Asian J Androl. 2020;22:549-554.
Munding MD, Wessells HB, Dalkin BL. Pilot study of changes in stretched penile length 3 months after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Urology. 2001;58:567-569.
Gontero P, Galzerano M, Bartoletti R, Magnani C, Tizzani A, Frea B, et al. New insights into the pathogenesis of penile shortening after radical prostatectomy and the role of postoperative sexual function. J Urol. 2007;178:602-607.
Carlsson S, Nilsson AE, Johansson E, Nyberg T, Akre O, Steineck G. Self-perceived penile shortening after radical prostatectomy. Int J Impot Res. 2012;24:179-184.
Veale D, Eshkevari E, Read J, Miles S, Troglia A, Phillips R, et al. Beliefs about penis size: validation of a scale for men ashamed about their penis size. J Sex Med. 2014;11:84-92.
Savoie M, Kim SS, Soloway MS. A prospective study measuring penile length in men treated with radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. J Urol. 2003;169:1462-1464.
Ciancio SJ, Kim ED. Penile fibrotic changes after radical retropubic prostatectomy. BJU Int. 2000;85:101-106.
Briganti A, Fabbri F, Salonia A, Gallina A, Chun FK, Dehò F, et al. Preserved postoperative penile size correlates well with maintained erectile function after bilateral nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy. Eur Urol. 2007;52:702-707.
Frey A, Sønksen J, Jakobsen H, Fode M. Prevalence and predicting factors for commonly neglected sexual side effects to radical prostatectomies: results from a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. J Sex Med. 2014;11:2318-2326.
Salonia A, Adaikan G, Buvat J, Carrier S, El-Meliegy A, Hatzimouratidis K, et al. Sexual rehabilitation after treatment for prostate cancer-part 2: recommendations from the fourth international consultation for sexual medicine (ICSM 2015). J Sex Med. 2017;14:297-315.
Capogrosso P, Ventimigla E, Cazzaniga W, Stabile A, Pederzoli F, Boeri L, et al. Long-term penile morphometric alterations in patients treated with robot-assisted versus open radical prostatectomy. Andrology. 2018;6:136-141.
Kadono Y, Machioka K, Nakashima K, Iijima M, Shigehara K, Nohara T, et al. Changes in penile length after radical prostatectomy: investigation of the underlying anatomical mechanism. BJU Int. 2017;120:293-299.
Montorsi F, Brock G, Stolzenburg JU, Mulhall J, Moncada I, Patel HR, et al. Effects of tadalafil treatment on erectile function recovery following bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy: a randomised placebocontrolled study (REACTT). Eur Urol. 2014;65:587-596.
Tal R, Heck M, Teloken P, Siegrist T, Nelson CJ, Mulhall JP. Peyronie's disease following radical prostatectomy: incidence and predictors. J Sex Med. 2010;7:1254-1261.
Shiraishi K, Shimabukuro T, Matsuyama H. The prevalence of Peyronie's disease in Japan: a study in men undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and routine health checks. J Sex Med. 2012;9:2716-2723.
Messaoudi R, Menard J, Ripert T, Parquet H, Staerman F. Erectile dysfunction and sexual health after radical prostatectomy: impact of sexual motivation. Int J Impot Res. 2011;23:81-86.
Nelson CJ, Choi JM, Mulhall JP, Roth AJ. Determinants of sexual satisfaction in men with prostate cancer. J Sex Med. 2007;4:1422-1427.
Nelson CJ, Lacey S, Kenowitz J, Pessin H, Shuk E, Roth AJ, et al. Men's experience with penile rehabilitation following radical prostatectomy: a qualitative study with the goal of informing a therapeutic intervention. Psychooncology. 2015;24:1646-1654.
Rossi MS, Moschini M, Bianchi M, Gandaglia G, Fossati N, Dell'Oglio P, et al. Erectile function recovery after nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: is back to baseline status enough for patient satisfaction? J Sex Med. 2016;13:669-678.
Martin Hald G, Dahl Pind M, Borre M, Lange T. Scandinavian prostate cancer Patients' sexual problems and satisfaction with their sex life following anti-cancer treatment. Sex Med. 2018;6:210-216.
Terrier JE, Masterson M, Mulhall JP, Nelson CJ. Decrease in intercourse satisfaction in men who recover erections after radical prostatectomy. J Sex Med. 2018;15:1133-1139.
Boeri L, Capogrosso P, Ventimiglia E, Cazzaniga W, Pederzoli F, Gandaglia G, et al. Depressive symptoms and low sexual desire after radical prostatectomy: early and long-term outcomes in a real-life setting. J Urol. 2018;199:474-480.
Bravi CA, Tin A, Montorsi F, Mulhall JP, Eastham JA, Vickers AJ. Erectile function and sexual satisfaction: the importance of asking about sexual desire. J Sex Med. 2020;17:349-352.
Nelson CJ, Scardino PT, Eastham JA, Mulhall JP. Back to baseline: erectile function recovery after radical prostatectomy from the patients' perspective. J Sex Med. 2013;10:1636-1643.
Wittmann D, Carolan M, Given B, Skolarus TA, An L, Palapattu G, et al. Exploring the role of the partner in couples' sexual recovery after surgery for prostate cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2014;22:2509-2515.
Wittmann D, Mehta A, Bober SL, Zhu Z, Daignault-Newton S, Dunn RL, et al. TrueNTH sexual recovery intervention for couples coping with prostate cancer: randomized controlled trial results. Cancer. 2022;128:1513-1522.
Shindel A, Quayle S, Yan Y, Husain A, Naughton C. Sexual dysfunction in female partners of men who have undergone radical prostatectomy correlates with sexual dysfunction of the male partner. J Sex Med. 2005;2:833-841; discussion 41.
Guiliano F. Neurophysiology of erection and ejaculation. J Sex Med. 2011;8(Suppl 4):310-315.
Ghomeshi A, Zizzo J, Reddy R, White J, Swayze A, Swain S, et al. The erectile and ejaculatory implications of the surgical management of rectal cancer. Int J Urol. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/iju.15235
Galfano A, Di Trapani D, Sozzi F, Strada E, Petralia G, Bramerio M, et al. Beyond the learning curve of the Retzius-sparing approach for robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: oncologic and functional results of the first 200 patients with ≥1 year of follow-up. Eur Urol. 2013;64:974-980.
Wagaskar VG, Mittal A, Sobotka S, Ratnani P, Lantz A, Falagario UG, et al. Hood technique for robotic radical prostatectomy-preserving periurethral anatomical structures in the space of Retzius and sparing the pouch of Douglas, enabling early return of continence without compromising surgical margin rates. Eur Urol. 2021;80:213-221.
Twitchell DK, Pastuszak AW, Khera M. Controversies in testosterone therapy. Sex Med Rev. 2021;9:149-159.
Kardoust Parizi M, Abufaraj M, Fajkovic H, Kimura S, Iwata T, D'Andrea D, et al. Oncological safety of testosterone replacement therapy in prostate cancer survivors after definitive local therapy: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Urol Oncol. 2019;37:637-646.
Lenfant L, Leon P, Cancel-Tassin G, Audouin M, Staerman F, Rouprêt M, et al. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and prostate cancer: an updated systematic review with a focus on previous or active localized prostate cancer. Urol Oncol. 2020;38:661-670.
Pastuszak AW, Pearlman AM, Lai WS, Godoy G, Sathyamoorthy K, Liu JS, et al. Testosterone replacement therapy in patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. J Urol. 2013;190:639-644.
Balbontin FG, Moreno SA, Bley E, Chacon R, Silva A. Morgentaler a long-acting testosterone injections for treatment of testosterone deficiency after brachytherapy for prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2014;114:125-130.
Morgentaler A, Lipshultz LI, Bennett R, Sweeney M, Avila D Jr. Khera M testosterone therapy in men with untreated prostate cancer. J Urol. 2011;185:1256-1260.
Kaufman JM, Graydon RJ. Androgen replacement after curative radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer in hypogonadal men. J Urol. 2004;172:920-922.
Agarwal PK, Oefelein MG. Testosterone replacement therapy after primary treatment for prostate cancer. J Urol. 2005;173:533-536.

Auteurs

Koji Shiraishi (K)

Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH