Herpes Zoster Burden of Disease and Clinical Management in Turkey: A Comprehensive Literature Review.
Chickenpox
Herpes zoster
Shingles
Turkey
Varicella zoster virus
Journal
Infectious diseases and therapy
ISSN: 2193-8229
Titre abrégé: Infect Dis Ther
Pays: New Zealand
ID NLM: 101634499
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2023
Aug 2023
Historique:
received:
24
05
2023
accepted:
14
07
2023
medline:
2
8
2023
pubmed:
2
8
2023
entrez:
2
8
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Herpes zoster (HZ), or shingles, is caused by the reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) and typically presents as an acute, painful dermatomal rash, but can lead to long-term, distressing complications such as postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Increasing trends in HZ cases are evident globally among the aging population; however, reviews investigating the epidemiology and clinical management of HZ in Turkey are lacking. Therefore, a literature review of local studies in Turkey was conducted to identify the data available and identify gaps in the literature. Literature searches were carried out in PubMed and local journals to retrieve published articles that reported surveillance data, seroepidemiology, patient outcomes, or clinical management related to HZ or VZV in Turkey until April 30, 2022. Studies included primary data reports, case studies, secondary data reviews, and epidemiological studies in healthy or at-risk populations; HZ was the primary focus of the review. No studies reported VZV or HZ epidemiological data at a national level. One large retrospective study in Istanbul reported that HZ incidence rates significantly increased in adults 18-44 years of age between 2011 and 2019. Four single-center studies reported the proportion of dermatological patients with HZ at 0.43-1.56%. PHN was the most common reported complication, occurring in 8-58.9% of patients with HZ. However, out of 39 identified case reports, HZ ophthalmicus was the most frequently reported complication. Two studies highlighted poor disease awareness and risk perception of HZ among Turkish citizens. Overall, there were limited comprehensive epidemiological data on HZ in Turkey. However, the abundance of case studies on HZ complications indicates a strong disease presence and diverse clinical management in Turkey. Further research will be important to understand the impact of HZ, increase disease awareness, and support the introduction of new preventative strategies.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37530949
doi: 10.1007/s40121-023-00849-3
pii: 10.1007/s40121-023-00849-3
pmc: PMC10505134
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
1937-1954Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
Références
Hope-Simpson RE. The nature of herpes zoster: a long-term study and a new hypothesis. Proc R Soc Med. 1965;58(1):9–20.
pubmed: 14267505
pmcid: 1898279
Harbecke R, Cohen JI, Oxman MN. Herpes zoster vaccines. J Infect Dis. 2021;224(12 Suppl 2):S429–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab387 .
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab387
pubmed: 34590136
pmcid: 8482024
Arvin AM. Varicella-zoster virus. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1996;9(3):361–81. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.9.3.361 .
doi: 10.1128/cmr.9.3.361
pubmed: 8809466
pmcid: 172899
Curran D, Schmidt-Ott R, Schutter U, Simon J, Anastassopoulou A, Matthews S. Impact of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia on the quality of life of Germans aged 50 or above. BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18(1):496. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3395-z .
doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3395-z
pubmed: 30285731
pmcid: 6169019
van Oorschot D, Vroling H, Bunge E, Diaz-Decaro J, Curran D, Yawn B. A systematic literature review of herpes zoster incidence worldwide. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(6):1714–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1847582 .
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1847582
pubmed: 33651654
pmcid: 8115759
Kawai K, Gebremeskel BG, Acosta CJ. Systematic review of incidence and complications of herpes zoster: towards a global perspective. BMJ Open. 2014;4(6): e004833. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004833 .
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004833
pubmed: 24916088
pmcid: 4067812
Thompson RR, Kong CL, Porco TC, Kim E, Ebert CD, Acharya NR. Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: changing incidence rates from 1994 to 2018 in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(9):e3210–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1185 .
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1185
pubmed: 32829399
Grote V, von Kries R, Rosenfeld E, Belohradsky BH, Liese J. Immunocompetent children account for the majority of complications in childhood herpes zoster. J Infect Dis. 2007;196(10):1455–8. https://doi.org/10.1086/522631 .
doi: 10.1086/522631
pubmed: 18008223
Kang DH, Kwak BO, Park AY, Kim HW. Clinical manifestations of herpes zoster associated with complications in children. Children. 2021;8(10):845. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/8/10/845 .
United Nation, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population prospects: the 2012 revision. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2013:4.
Worldometer. Turkey population. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/turkey-population/ . Accessed July 25, 2023.
Turkish Statistical Institute. Elderly statistics, 2014, vol. 7. Ankara: Turkish Statistical Institute; 2015.
Pan CX, Lee MS, Nambudiri VE. Global herpes zoster incidence, burden of disease, and vaccine availability: a narrative review. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother. 2022;10:25151355221084536. https://doi.org/10.1177/25151355221084535 .
doi: 10.1177/25151355221084535
pubmed: 35340552
pmcid: 8941701
Patil A, Goldust M, Wollina U. Herpes zoster: a review of clinical manifestations and management. Viruses. 2022;14(2):192. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020192 .
doi: 10.3390/v14020192
pubmed: 35215786
pmcid: 8876683
Varela FH, Pinto LA, Scotta MC. Global impact of varicella vaccination programs. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(3):645–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1546525 .
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1546525
pubmed: 30427766
Wolfson LJ, Daniels VJ, Pillsbury M, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of universal varicella vaccination in Turkey using a dynamic transmission model. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(8): e0220921. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220921 .
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220921
pubmed: 31408505
pmcid: 6692038
Devlet malzeme ofisi. Suçiçeği aşisi teknik şartnamesi. https://www.dmo.gov.tr/Files/IhaleDosyalari/15224/15224-2-teknik%20%C5%9Fartname.pdf . Accessed July 10, 2023.
World Health Organization. Vaccination schedule for Türkiye. https://immunizationdata.who.int/pages/schedule-by-country/tur.html . Accessed July 07, 2022.
Wohlin C. Guidelines for snowballing in systematic literature studies and a replication in software engineering. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering. London: Association for Computing Machinery; 2014:Article 38.
Dinleyici EC, Kurugol Z, Turel O, et al. The epidemiology and economic impact of varicella-related hospitalizations in Turkey from 2008 to 2010: a nationwide survey during the pre-vaccine era (VARICOMP study). Eur J Pediatr. 2012;171(5):817–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-011-1650-z .
doi: 10.1007/s00431-011-1650-z
pubmed: 22170238
Soysal A, Gönüllü E, Yıldız İ, Karaböcüoğlu M. Incidence of varicella and herpes zoster after inclusion of varicella vaccine in national immunization schedule in Turkey: time trend study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021;17(3):731–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1788861 .
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1788861
pubmed: 32703071
Alp H, Altınkaynak S, Ertekin V, Kılıçaslan B, Giiraksin A. Seroepidemiology of varicella-zoster virus infection in a cosmopolitan city (Erzurum) in the eastern Turkey. Health Policy. 2005;72(1):119–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.03.008 .
doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.03.008
pubmed: 15760704
Kanra G, Tezcan S, Badur S. Varicella seroprevalence in a random sample of the Turkish population. Vaccine. 2002;20(9–10):1425–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00459-5 .
doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00459-5
pubmed: 11818162
Kose S, Mandiracioglu A, Senger SS, et al. Seroprevalence of varicella-zoster virus in the prevaccine era: a population-based study in Izmir. Turkey J Infect Public Health. 2013;6(2):115–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2012.10.003 .
doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2012.10.003
pubmed: 23537824
Koturoglu G, Kurugol Z, Turkoglu E. Seroepidemiology of varicella-zoster virus and reliability of varicella history in Turkish children, adolescents and adults. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2011;25(4):388–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01180.x .
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01180.x
pubmed: 21649681
Atiş G, Aydinİlknur E, Altunay I. Herpes zoster in geriatric patients: Clinical course and complications. Turk Geriatri Dergisi. 2017;20(3):172–7.
Özkol HU, Bilgili SG, Karadağ AS, Altun F, Çalka Ö. Türkiye’nin Doğusundaki Herpes Zoster Tanılı 115 Hastanın Klinik ve Demografik Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi. Turk J Dermatol. 2013;7:201–5. https://doi.org/10.4274/tdd.1627 .
doi: 10.4274/tdd.1627
Küçükçakır O, Aliağaoğlu C, Turan H, et al. 1999–2010 yılları arasında kliniğimizde takip edilen herpes zoster olgularının retrospektif değerlendirilmesi. Türkderm. 2012;46:186–90. https://doi.org/10.4274/turkderm.93265 .
doi: 10.4274/turkderm.93265
Dogan S, Bildik B, Karaboga T, Kalafat UM, Yesiltas I, Ozucelik DN. Evaluation of patients diagnosed with herpes zoster in emergency departments. Res J Life Sci Bioinform Pharm Chem Sci. 2019;5(1):195–202.
Kartal D, Çınar SL, Akın S, Ferahbaş A, Borlu M. Skin findings of geriatric patients in Turkey: a 5-year survey. Dermatol Sin. 2015;33(4):196–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsi.2015.04.001 .
doi: 10.1016/j.dsi.2015.04.001
Yavuzcan G. Prevalence of skin disorders among geriatric patients in the Black Sea region of Turkey. J Exp Clin Med. 2022;39(2):327–33. https://doi.org/10.52142/omujecm.39.2.4 .
doi: 10.52142/omujecm.39.2.4
Çeltek NY, Ünlü U. Evaluation of zona zoster cases occuring in cancer diagnosed patients. TJFMP. 2020;14(6):646–50. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.766986 .
doi: 10.21763/tjfmpc.766986
Bilen A. Evaluation of patients with postherpetic neuralgia admitted to pain clinic. Klimik Derg. 2020;33(1):52–4. https://doi.org/10.5152/kd.2020.10 .
doi: 10.5152/kd.2020.10
Ozturk S, Akoglu EU, Arikan EE, Agalar C. Menopausal transition may affect the onset of herpes zoster: an update on herpes zoster vaccine. Ann Med Res. 2021;28(8):1515–9. https://doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2020.09.961 .
doi: 10.5455/annalsmedres.2020.09.961
Senol E, Azap A, Kutlu SS, et al. Demographical and clinical evaluation of herpes zoster in Turkey: a retrospective multicentre study, the VARICOMP adult study [Congress Abstract P0060]. The 28th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2018.
Ku H-C, Tsai Y-T, Konara-Mudiyanselage S-P, Wu Y-L, Yu T, Ko N-Y. Incidence of herpes zoster in HIV-infected patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2021;10(11):2300.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10112300
pubmed: 34070645
pmcid: 8198877
Glesby MJ, Moore RD, Chaisson RE. Clinical spectrum of herpes zoster in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21(2):370–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.2.370 .
doi: 10.1093/clinids/21.2.370
pubmed: 8562746
Duman ZTO, Akoglu G. Disseminated herpes zoster infection in a splenectomized patient. Our Dermatol Online. 2018;9(4):456–7. https://doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20184.27 .
doi: 10.7241/ourd.20184.27
Etgu F. Recurrent herpes zoster as a sign of HIV infection. Mid Black Sea J Health Sci. 2021;7(1):150–3.
doi: 10.19127/mbsjohs.821860
Akalin H, Heper Y, Yilmaz E, et al. Retrospective analysis of 21 HIV/AIDS cases. Mikrobiyol Bult. 2005;39:339–43.
Akin H, Bölük G, Akalin H, et al. HIV/AIDS: retrospective analysis of 78 cases. Klimik Dergisi. 2012;25(3):111–6. https://doi.org/10.5152/kd.2012.31 .
doi: 10.5152/kd.2012.31
Altuntaş Aydin Ö, Kumbasar Karaosmanoğlu H, Korkusuz R, Özeren M, Özcan N. Mucocutaneous manifestations and the relationship to CD4 lymphocyte counts among Turkish HIV/AIDS patients in Istanbul. Turkey Turk J Med Sci. 2015;45(1):89–92. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1308-3 .
doi: 10.3906/sag-1308-3
pubmed: 25790535
Mustafayev K, Mete B, Kutlubay Z, et al. Dermatological lesions among people living with HIV in Turkey. Int J STD AIDS. 2022;33(1):55–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624211043711 .
doi: 10.1177/09564624211043711
pubmed: 34565234
Gunes R, Külcü Çakmak S, Yorulmaz A. Mucocutaneous manifestation of HIV and the correlation with CD4 count and viral load: a prospective study from Turkey. Turkiye Klinikleri J Dermatol. 2020;30(3):88–94. https://doi.org/10.5336/dermato.2020-79035 .
doi: 10.5336/dermato.2020-79035
Yardimici AC, Fincanci M. The relationship between the opportunistic diseases and viral load and CD4+ T cell count in patients with HIV infection. Klimik Dergisi. 2015;28(1):28–34. https://doi.org/10.5152/kd.2015.06 .
doi: 10.5152/kd.2015.06
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 163. World Health Organization; 2020.
Kartal SP, Çelik G, Sendur N, et al. Multicenter study evaluating the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on dermatology outpatients in Turkey. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6): e14485. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.14485 .
doi: 10.1111/dth.14485
pubmed: 33135831
Algaadi SA. Herpes zoster and COVID-19 infection: a coincidence or a causal relationship? Infection. 2022;50(2):289–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-021-01714-6 .
doi: 10.1007/s15010-021-01714-6
pubmed: 34807403
Diez-Domingo J, Parikh R, Bhavsar AB, Cisneros E, McCormick N, Lecrenier N. Can COVID-19 increase the risk of herpes zoster? A narrative review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2021;11(4):1119–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-021-00549-1 .
doi: 10.1007/s13555-021-00549-1
pubmed: 33999370
Temiz SA, Kutlu Ö. The development of dermatologic diseases in patients recovered from COVID-19. Dermatol Ther. 2021;34(2):e14791. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.14791 .
doi: 10.1111/dth.14791
pubmed: 33484016
pmcid: 7995082
Bostan E, Yalici-Armagan B. Herpes zoster following inactivated COVID-19 vaccine: a coexistence or coincidence? J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(6):1566–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14035 .
doi: 10.1111/jocd.14035
pubmed: 33638924
Aksu SB, Öztürk GZ. A rare case of shingles after COVID-19 vaccine: is it a possible adverse effect? Clin Exp Vaccine Res. 2021;10(2):198–201. https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2021.10.2.198 .
doi: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.2.198
pubmed: 34222134
pmcid: 8217581
Acar A, Yoldaş A, Karaarslan I, et al. Retrospective evaluation of clinical features in hospitalized herpes zoster patients. Ege Tıp Dergisi. 2022;61(1):58–63. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.1085700 .
doi: 10.19161/etd.1085700
Acer E, Erdoğan HK, Bulur I, Acar EM. Evaluation of demographic and clinical characteristics of 166 patients with herpes zoster in the Kırşehir region. Turkderm Arch Dermatol Venerol. 2018;52:95–9.
Yürük D, Yildiz Tabakoğlu A. Is postherpetic neuralgia an inevitable end in elderly cases with herpes zoster? An evaluation of age-related risk factors in the development of postherpetic neuralgia. Turk Geriatri Dergisi. 2021;24(1):41–9. https://doi.org/10.31086/tjgeri.2021.198 .
doi: 10.31086/tjgeri.2021.198
Afşar Sİ, Uzunkulakoğlu A, Karataş M. Brachial plexopathy associated with herpes zoster infection: report of two cases and review of the literature. J PMR Sci. 2016;19:55–7.
Aktaş İ, Akgün K, Gündüz OH. Axillary mononeuropathy after herpes zoster infection mimicking subacromial impingement syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;87(10):859–61. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e318186bb95 .
doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e318186bb95
pubmed: 18806513
Alpay K, Yandt M. Herpes zoster and Ogilvie’s syndrome. Dermatology. 1994;189(3):312. https://doi.org/10.1159/000246870 .
doi: 10.1159/000246870
pubmed: 7949493
Araz C, Aşkin S, Yılmaz C. Herpes zoster brachial plexopathy: direct steroid injection. Turk Neurosurg. 2017;27(4):662–4. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112300 .
doi: 10.3390/jcm10112300
pubmed: 27560523
Aydin E, Balikoglu-Yilmaz M, Imre SS, Koc F, Kazanci L, Ozturk AT. A rare patient with orbital apex syndrome, anterior uveitis, and necrotizing scleritis due to herpes zoster ophthalmicus. J Craniofac Surg. 2016;27(8):e750–2. https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000003098 .
doi: 10.1097/scs.0000000000003098
pubmed: 28005810
Bahadir C, Kalpakcioglu AB, Kurtulus D. Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis and segmental motor paresis following herpes zoster. Muscle Nerve. 2008;38(2):1070–3. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.21042 .
doi: 10.1002/mus.21042
pubmed: 18724399
Bakbak B, Çelebi ARC, Şener C. Horner’s syndrome following herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Turk Norol Derg. 2009;15:82–4.
Bakılan F, Ösken S, Ekim A. Complex regional pain syndrome after herpes zoster: a case report. Turk J Osteoporos. 2018;24:63–6. https://doi.org/10.4274/tod.55477 .
doi: 10.4274/tod.55477
Balcı K, Utku U, Özbek B. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with sixth cranial nerve palsy: a case report. Turk J Neurol. 2008;14(5):350–2.
Balta S, Talu GK. Segmental zoster paresis of the lower extremity: case report. Agri. 2021. https://doi.org/10.14744/agri.2021.70846 .
doi: 10.14744/agri.2021.70846
pubmed: 34671954
Büyükdemirci A, Yüksekkaya E, Cesur S, Kaya-Kılıç E, Ataman-Hatipoglu C, Kınıklı S. Encephalitis following herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Klimik Dergisi. 2020;31(2):157–60. https://doi.org/10.5152/kd.2018.37 .
doi: 10.5152/kd.2018.37
Çevik B, Kurt S, Aksoy D, Ünaldi HK, Günal Ö, Solmaz V. Polyradiculitis and transverse myelitis secondary to herpes zoster in a liver transplant patient. Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2013;50:193–4. https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.y6848 .
doi: 10.4274/npa.y6848
Çınar N, Sahin S, Okluoglu T, Batum K, Karşıdağ S. Herpes radiculopathy case presenting first with motor involvement. Eur J General Med. 2011;8(3):219–23.
Erden E, Öztürk GT, Ersöz M. Herpes zoster infection presenting as neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;63(2):199. https://doi.org/10.5606/tftrd.2017.905 .
doi: 10.5606/tftrd.2017.905
pubmed: 31453454
pmcid: 6648125
Eren E, Kaynar L, Doganay M. Severe herpes zoster ophtalmicus in an immuncompromised patient. Erciyes Med J. 2018;40(4):240–1. https://doi.org/10.5152/etd.2017.0118 .
doi: 10.5152/etd.2017.0118
Erol B, Avci A, Eken C, Ozgok Y. Urinary retention, erectile dysfunction and meningitis due to sacral herpes zoster: a case report and review of the literature. Urol Int. 2009;82(2):238–41. https://doi.org/10.1159/000200807 .
doi: 10.1159/000200807
pubmed: 19322017
Eskiizmir G, Uz U, Taşkiran E, Unlü H. Herpes zoster oticus associated with varicella zoster virus encephalitis. Laryngoscope. 2009;119(4):628–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.20111 .
doi: 10.1002/lary.20111
pubmed: 19213041
Demir CF, Akalın Y, Berilgen S. Occipital neuralgia following thoracic herpes zoster: case report. Agri. 2011;23(4):179–80. https://doi.org/10.5505/agri.2011.87699 .
doi: 10.5505/agri.2011.87699
Gurel MS, Savas S, Bilgin F, Erdil D, Leblebici C, Sarikaya E. Zosteriform pemphigoid after zoster: Wolf’s isotopic response. Int Wound J. 2016;13(1):141–2. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12423 .
doi: 10.1111/iwj.12423
pubmed: 25659195
Kansu L, Yilmaz I. Herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay Hunt syndrome) in children: case report and literature review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;76(6):772–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.03.003 .
doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2012.03.003
pubmed: 22445801
Kavalci C, Findik M, Muratoglu M. A rare case in emergency: herpes zoster ophtalmicus. J Case Reports Med. 2019;8(4):1–2. https://doi.org/10.25149/jcrm.v8i3.203 .
doi: 10.25149/jcrm.v8i3.203
Kayayurt K, Yavasi O, Bilir O, Ersunan G, Giakoup B. A case of Ramsay hunt syndrome with atypical presentation. Turk J Emerg Med. 2014;14(3):142–5. https://doi.org/10.5505/1304.7361.2014.82788 .
doi: 10.5505/1304.7361.2014.82788
pubmed: 27355092
Keskinruzgar A, Demirkol M, Ege B, Aras M, Ay S. Rare involvement of herpes zoster in the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve: a case report and review of the literature. Quintessence Int. 2015;46(2):163–70. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a32814 .
doi: 10.3290/j.qi.a32814
pubmed: 25262672
Kocaoğlu G, Utine CA, Yaman A, Men S. Orbital apex syndrome secondary to herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2018;48(1):42–6. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjo.02256 .
doi: 10.4274/tjo.02256
pubmed: 29576898
pmcid: 5854859
Kucukardali Y, Solmazgul E, Terekeci H, Oncul O, Turhan V. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Intern Med. 2008;47(5):463–5. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.47.0629 .
doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.47.0629
pubmed: 18310984
Kulakli F, Kulakli S, Ilhanli İ, Aslan A, Uysal E, Çelik C. Polymyalgia rheumatica after herpes-zoster. Arch Rheumatol. 2018;33(4):494–5. https://doi.org/10.5606/ArchRheumatol.2018.6859 .
doi: 10.5606/ArchRheumatol.2018.6859
pubmed: 30874245
pmcid: 6409168
Kurtaran B, Paydaş S, Candevir A, Kömür S, Salih Zeki Aksu H. Disseminated herpes zoster infection in a patient with lymphoma. Turk J Med Sci. 2009;39(3):479–82. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-0803-6 .
doi: 10.3906/sag-0803-6
Ozel L, Toros SZ, Unal E, et al. Ramsay Hunt syndrome with atypical progress in a renal transplant recipient: a case report. Exp Clin Transplant. 2011;9(6):413–6.
pubmed: 22142050
Öztop P, Saraçgil Coşar SN, Ümit Yemişci O, Varol Üre RS. Complex regional pain syndrome associated with herpes zoster: a case report. Turk J Rheumatol. 2011;26(3):254–7. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjr.2011.040 .
doi: 10.5152/tjr.2011.040
Samanci Y, Samanci B. A case of herpes zoster infection mimicking carpal tunnel syndrome. Neurol India. 2019;67(1):272–3. https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.253607 .
doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.253607
pubmed: 30860133
Soydas Turan B, Bozkurt MF. Unusual presentation of herpes zoster infection mimicking soft tissue metastases of breast cancer on 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Clin Nucl Med. 2021;46(8):669–70. https://doi.org/10.1097/rlu.0000000000003580 .
doi: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003580
pubmed: 33782282
Temizkan R, Unal N, Engin M, Kiliçaslan Ö, Kocabay K. Herpes zoster infection in early adolescence: two case reports and review of the treatment approach. Family Pract Palliat Care. 2020;5(2):58–61. https://doi.org/10.22391/fppc.514033 .
doi: 10.22391/fppc.514033
Terzi R, Yılmaz Z. A brachial plexus lesion secondary to herpes zoster: a case report. Turk J Phys Med Rehab. 2013;59:69–72. https://doi.org/10.4274/tftr.57625 .
doi: 10.4274/tftr.57625
Top Karti D, Aktert D, Celebisoy N. Isolated internal ophthalmoplegia secondary to herpes zoster ophthalmicus: a rare case report. Neuroophthalmol. 2019;44(2):118–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/01658107.2019.1618343 .
doi: 10.1080/01658107.2019.1618343
Unal B, Ahıska YC, Uslu N, Avcı S. Herpes zoster affecting the lower extremity in an older patient: a clinical image. Lupine Online J Med Sci. 2018;2(3):190–1. https://doi.org/10.32474/LOJMS.2018.02.000144 .
doi: 10.32474/LOJMS.2018.02.000144
Yalcinbayir O, Yildiz M, Gunduz GU, Gelisken O. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and lateral rectus palsy in an elderly patient. Case Rep Ophthalmol. 2011;2(3):333–7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000334236 .
doi: 10.1159/000334236
pubmed: 22125536
pmcid: 3224518
Yalçınbayır Ö, Gelişken Ö, Yılmaz E. Unilateral optic neuritis in a case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Neuroophthalmology. 2009;33(6):339–42.
doi: 10.3109/01658100903267608
Yorulmaz A, Hazar Tantoğlu B, Artüz F. Necrotic herpes zoster in an otherwise healthy patient. J Turkish Acad Dermatol. 2015. https://doi.org/10.6003/jtad.1593c4 .
doi: 10.6003/jtad.1593c4
Yýlmaz S, Köseolu HK, Yücel E. Transverse myelitis caused by varicella zoster: case reports. Braz J Infect Dis. 2007;11(1):179–81. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-86702007000100040 .
doi: 10.1590/s1413-86702007000100040
pubmed: 17625754
Yaldiz M, Solak B, Kara RO, Cosansu N, Erdem MT. Comparison of famciclovir, valaciclovir, and brivudine treatments in adult immunocompetent patients with herpes zoster. Am J Ther. 2018;25(6):e626–34. https://doi.org/10.1097/mjt.0000000000000436 .
doi: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000436
pubmed: 26808358
Asik Z, Cakmak T, Bilgili P. Knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of adults about adult vaccinations. Turk Aile Hek Dergi. 2013;17(3):113–8. https://doi.org/10.2399/tahd.13.55265 .
doi: 10.2399/tahd.13.55265
Bayraktar-Ekincioglu A, Kara E, Bahap M, Cankurtaran M, Demirkan K, Unal S. Does information by pharmacists convince the public to get vaccinated for pneumococcal disease and herpes zoster? Irish J Med Sci. 2022;191:2193–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-021-02778-x .
doi: 10.1007/s11845-021-02778-x
pubmed: 34708289
Erdogdu HI, Catak B. Influenza, pneumococcal and herpes zoster vaccination rates amongst people aged 65 years and older and related factors. Turk Geriatri Dergisi. 2018;21(4):498–506. https://doi.org/10.31086/tjgeri.2018.54 .
doi: 10.31086/tjgeri.2018.54
İlhan B, Bakkaloglu O. Vaccination rates in geriatric outpatient clinic in Gaziantep Dr. Ersin Arslan training and research hospital. Med Bull Haseki. 2019;57:75–8. https://doi.org/10.4274/haseki.galenos.2019.4794 .
doi: 10.4274/haseki.galenos.2019.4794
Kizmaz M, Kumtepe Kurt B, Çetin Kargin N, Döner E. Influenza, pneumococcal and herpes zoster vaccination rates among patients over 65 years of age, related factors, and their knowledge and attitudes. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020;32(11):2383–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-019-01423-z .
doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01423-z
pubmed: 31776859
Nazik S, Nazik H, Gül F, Demir B. Herpes Zoster Hastalarının Hastalıkları ile İlgili Tutum ve Beklentileri. Firat Med J. 2016;21:137–40.
Paek E, Johnson R. Public awareness and knowledge of herpes zoster: results of a global survey. Gerontology. 2010;56(1):20–31. https://doi.org/10.1159/000240046 .
doi: 10.1159/000240046
pubmed: 19776543
Revanli RA, Yüceer C, Şenol E, et al. Awareness and attitude of family physicians about human papilloma virus and herpes zoster vaccines. Klimik Dergisi. 2015;29(1):15–20. https://doi.org/10.5152/kd.2016.04 .
doi: 10.5152/kd.2016.04
Sütlü S, Til A. Immunization status and factors affecting individuals aged 65 years and above with chronic diseases who are registered with family physicians in Burdur Province. Turk Geriatri Dergisi. 2021;24(1):71–8. https://doi.org/10.31086/tjgeri.2021.201 .
doi: 10.31086/tjgeri.2021.201
Bollaerts K, Riera-Montes M, Heininger U, et al. A systematic review of varicella seroprevalence in European countries before universal childhood immunization: deriving incidence from seroprevalence data. Epidemiol Infect. 2017;145(13):2666–77. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0950268817001546 .
doi: 10.1017/s0950268817001546
pubmed: 28826422
pmcid: 5647669
Turkish Statistical Institute. Elderly statistics, 2021. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Elderly-Statistics-2021-45636&dil=2 . Accessed Sep 01, 2022.
Chen SY, Suaya JA, Li Q, et al. Incidence of herpes zoster in patients with altered immune function. Infection. 2014;42(2):325–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-013-0550-8 .
doi: 10.1007/s15010-013-0550-8
pubmed: 24214127
Huang CT, Lee CY, Sung HY, Liu SJ, Liang PC, Tsai MC. Association between diabetes mellitus and the risk of herpes zoster: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(2):586–97. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab675 .
doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab675
pubmed: 34536279
Brisson M, Gay NJ, Edmunds WJ, Andrews NJ. Exposure to varicella boosts immunity to herpes-zoster: implications for mass vaccination against chickenpox. Vaccine. 2002;20(19):2500–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00180-9 .
doi: 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00180-9
pubmed: 12057605
Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation Varicella Sub-Committee. Minute of the meeting on 19 June 2015. https://app.box.com/s/vdlafy8wm4t5asq2qyfpc4dw6fzeyypf/file/149454406336 . Accessed Jun 17, 2022.
Weinmann S, Chun C, Schmid DS, et al. Incidence and clinical characteristics of herpes zoster among children in the varicella vaccine era, 2005–2009. J Infect Dis. 2013;208(11):1859–68. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit405 .
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jit405
pubmed: 23922376
Moodley A, Swanson J, Grose C, Bonthius DJ. Severe herpes zoster following varicella vaccination in immunocompetent young children. J Child Neurol. 2019;34(4):184–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073818821498 .
doi: 10.1177/0883073818821498
pubmed: 30628536
pmcid: 6376897
Varivax Summary of Product Characteristics. https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/files/pil.5582.pdf . Accessed Jul 10, 2023.
Varilrix Summary of Product Characteristcs. https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1676/smpc/print . Accessed Jul 10, 2023.