The risk of hospitalization for psychotic disorders following hospitalization for COVID-19: a French nationwide longitudinal study.
Journal
Molecular psychiatry
ISSN: 1476-5578
Titre abrégé: Mol Psychiatry
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9607835
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2023
Aug 2023
Historique:
received:
20
02
2023
accepted:
26
07
2023
revised:
24
07
2023
medline:
2
11
2023
pubmed:
4
8
2023
entrez:
3
8
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
COVID-19, like other infectious diseases, may be a risk factor for psychotic disorders. We aimed to compare the proportions of hospitalizations for psychotic disorders in the 12 months following discharge from hospital for either COVID-19 or for another reason in the adult general population in France during the first wave of the pandemic. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal nationwide study using the national French administrative healthcare database. Psychotic disorders were first studied as a whole, and then chronic and acute disorders separately. The role of several adjustment factors, including sociodemographics, a history of psychotic disorder, the duration of the initial hospitalization, and the level of care received during that hospitalization, were also analyzed. Between 1 January 2020 and 30 June 2020, a total of 14,622 patients were hospitalized for psychotic disorders in the 12 months following discharge from hospital for either COVID-19 or another reason. Initial hospitalization for COVID-19 (vs. another reason) was associated with a lower rate of subsequent hospitalization for psychotic disorders (0.31% vs. 0.51%, odds ratio (OR) = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.53-0.67]). This was true for both chronic and acute disorders, even after adjusting for the various study variables. Importantly, a history of psychotic disorder was a major determinant of hospitalization for psychotic disorders (adjusted OR = 126.56, 95% CI [121.85-131.46]). Our results suggest that, in comparison to individuals initially hospitalized for another reason, individuals initially hospitalized for COVID-19 present a lower risk of hospitalization for first episodes of psychotic symptoms/disorders or for psychotic relapse in the 12 months following discharge. This finding contradicts the hypothesis that there is a higher risk of psychotic disorders after a severe COVID-19.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37537285
doi: 10.1038/s41380-023-02207-8
pii: 10.1038/s41380-023-02207-8
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3293-3304Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
Références
Xiang Y-T, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:228–9.
pubmed: 32032543
doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8
pmcid: 7128153
Holmes EA, O’Connor RC, Perry VH, Tracey I, Wessely S, Arseneault L, et al. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:547–60.
pubmed: 32304649
doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1
pmcid: 7159850
Benros ME, Nielsen PR, Nordentoft M, Eaton WW, Dalton SO, Mortensen PB. Autoimmune diseases and severe infections as risk factors for schizophrenia: a 30-year population-based register study. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168:1303–10.
pubmed: 22193673
doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11030516
Khandaker GM, Zimbron J, Dalman C, Lewis G, Jones PB. Childhood infection and adult schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of population-based studies. Schizophrenia Res. 2012;139:161–8.
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.05.023
Nielsen PR, Benros ME, Mortensen PB. Hospital contacts with infection and risk of schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study with linkage of danish national registers. Schizophrenia Bull. 2014;40:1526–32.
doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbt200
Leboyer M, Berk M, Yolken RH, Tamouza R, Kupfer D, Groc L. Immuno-psychiatry: an agenda for clinical practice and innovative research. BMC Med. 2016;14:173.
pubmed: 27788673
doi: 10.1186/s12916-016-0712-5
pmcid: 5084344
De Picker LJ, Morrens M, Chance SA, Boche D. Microglia and brain plasticity in acute psychosis and schizophrenia illness course: a meta-review. Front Psychiatry. 2017;8:238.
pubmed: 29201010
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00238
pmcid: 5696326
Pape K, Tamouza R, Leboyer M, Zipp F. Immunoneuropsychiatry - novel perspectives on brain disorders. Nat Rev Neurol. 2019;15:317–28.
pubmed: 30988501
doi: 10.1038/s41582-019-0174-4
Ferrando SJ, Klepacz L, Lynch S, Tavakkoli M, Dornbush R, Baharani R, et al. COVID-19 psychosis: a potential new neuropsychiatric condition triggered by novel coronavirus infection and the inflammatory response? Psychosomatics 2020;61:551–5.
pubmed: 32593479
doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.05.012
pmcid: 7236749
Beards S, Gayer-Anderson C, Borges S, Dewey ME, Fisher HL, Morgan C. Life events and psychosis: a review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull. 2013;39:740–7.
pubmed: 23671196
doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbt065
pmcid: 3686461
Pignon B, Lajnef M, Kirkbride JB, Peyre H, Ferchiou A, Richard J-R, et al. The independent effects of psychosocial stressors on subclinical psychosis: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study. Schizophrenia Bull. 2021;47:1674–84.
doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbab060
Pignon B, Peyre H, Ayrolles A, Kirkbride JB, Jamain S, Ferchiou A, et al. Genetic and psychosocial stressors have independent effects on the level of subclinical psychosis: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2022;31:e68.
pubmed: 36165168
doi: 10.1017/S2045796022000464
pmcid: 9533114
Fond G, Pauly V, Leone M, Llorca P-M, Orleans V, Loundou A, et al. Disparities in intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients with schizophrenia and COVID-19: A national cohort study. Schizophrenia Bull. 2021;47:624–34.
doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa158
Fond G, Nemani K, Etchecopar-Etchart D, Loundou A, Goff DC, Lee SW, et al. Association between mental health disorders and mortality among patients with COVID-19 in 7 countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78:1208–17.
pubmed: 34313711
doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2274
Vai B, Mazza MG, Delli Colli C, Foiselle M, Allen B, Benedetti F, et al. Mental disorders and risk of COVID-19-related mortality, hospitalisation, and intensive care unit admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8:797–812.
pubmed: 34274033
doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00232-7
pmcid: 8285121
Lynch A, Bastiampillai T, Dhillon R. Can COVID-19-related anxiety trigger a relapse of schizophrenia? Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2021;55:732–732.
pubmed: 32907339
doi: 10.1177/0004867420954564
Lim MH, Gleeson JFM, Alvarez-Jimenez M, Penn DL. Loneliness in psychosis: a systematic review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2018;53:221–38.
pubmed: 29327166
doi: 10.1007/s00127-018-1482-5
Ma J, Hua T, Zeng K, Zhong B, Wang G, Liu X. Influence of social isolation caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the psychological characteristics of hospitalized schizophrenia patients: a case-control study. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10:1–5.
doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01098-5
Busch AB, Huskamp HA, Raja P, Rose S, Mehrotra A. Disruptions in care for medicare beneficiaries with severe mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5:e2145677.
pubmed: 35089352
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.45677
pmcid: 8800078
van den Borst B, Peters JB, Brink M, Schoon Y, Bleeker-Rovers CP, Schers H, et al. Comprehensive health assessment 3 months after recovery from acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73:e1089–e1098.
pubmed: 33220049
doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1750
Bo H-X, Li W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China. Psychol Med. 2021;51:1052–3.
pubmed: 32216863
doi: 10.1017/S0033291720000999
Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Gu X, et al. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. Lancet 2021;397:220–32.
pubmed: 33428867
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32656-8
pmcid: 7833295
Veazie S, Lafavor B, Vela K, Young S, Sayer NA, Carlson KF, et al. Mental health outcomes of adults hospitalized for COVID-19: A systematic review. J Affect Disord Rep. 2022;8:100312.
pubmed: 35165670
doi: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100312
pmcid: 8828444
Huarcaya-Victoria J, Herrera D, Castillo C. Psychosis in a patient with anxiety related to COVID-19: A case report. Psychiatry Res. 2020;289:113052.
pubmed: 32388178
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113052
pmcid: 7203023
Parra A, Juanes A, Losada CP, Álvarez-Sesmero S, Santana VD, Martí I, et al. Psychotic symptoms in COVID-19 patients. A retrospective descriptive study. Psychiatry Res. 2020;291:113254.
pubmed: 32603930
doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113254
pmcid: 7311337
Santos NF, Alho AP, Costa ID, Ferreira LP, Sêco EH. First-episode psychosis with delusional jealousy during SARS-CoV-2 infection: COVID-19 secondary psychosis or a trigger for a primary psychotic disorder? Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2021;23:37203.
doi: 10.4088/PCC.21cr03070
Chaudhary AMD, Musavi NB, Saboor S, Javed S, Khan S, Naveed S. Psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of case reports and case series. J Psychiatr Res. 2022;153:37–55.
pubmed: 35797814
doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.06.041
pmcid: 9248300
Xiao Y, Sharma MM, Thiruvalluru RK, Gimbrone C, Weissman MM, Olfson M, et al. Trends in psychiatric diagnoses by COVID-19 infection and hospitalization among patients with and without recent clinical psychiatric diagnoses in New York city from March 2020 to August 2021. Transl Psychiatry. 2022;12:492.
pubmed: 36414624
doi: 10.1038/s41398-022-02255-8
pmcid: 9681844
Taquet M, Geddes JR, Husain M, Luciano S, Harrison PJ. 6-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236 379 survivors of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8:416–27.
pubmed: 33836148
doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00084-5
pmcid: 8023694
Taquet M, Luciano S, Geddes JR, Harrison PJ. Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: retrospective cohort studies of 62 354 COVID-19 cases in the USA. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8:130–40.
pubmed: 33181098
doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30462-4
Taquet M, Sillett R, Zhu L, Mendel J, Camplisson I, Dercon Q, et al. Neurological and psychiatric risk trajectories after SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies including 1 284 437 patients. Lancet Psychiatry. 2022;9:815–27.
pubmed: 35987197
doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00260-7
pmcid: 9385200
Clift AK, Ranger TA, Patone M, Coupland CAC, Hatch R, Thomas K, et al. Neuropsychiatric ramifications of severe COVID-19 and other severe acute respiratory infections. JAMA Psychiatry. 2022;79:690–8.
pubmed: 35544272
doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.1067
pmcid: 9096686
Decio V, Pirard P, Pignon B, Bouaziz O, Perduca V, Chin F, et al. Hospitalization for COVID-19 is associated with a higher risk of subsequent hospitalization for psychiatric disorders: a French nationwide longitudinal study comparing hospitalizations for COVID-19 and for other reasons. Eur Psychy. 2022:1–13.
Caisse Nationale d’Assurance Maladie (CNAM). https://www.ameli.fr/sites/default/files/2020_methode-reperage-pathologies_cartographie.pdf . 2020.
Rachas A, Gastaldi-Ménager C, Denis P, Barthélémy P, Constantinou P, Drouin J, et al. The economic burden of disease in france from the national health insurance perspective. Med Care. 2022;60:655–64.
pubmed: 35880776
doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001745
pmcid: 9365254
Rey G, Rican S, Jougla E. Mesure des inégalités de mortalité par cause de décès. Approche écologique à l’aide d’un indice de désavantage social. Bull Epidémiologique Hebd. 2011;8–9:87–90.
Code de la santé publique. Chapitre Ier: Système national des données de santé (Articles R1461-1 à R1461-17). 2019. https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/section_lc/LEGITEXT000006072665/LEGISCTA000033707685/#LEGISCTA000033708020 .
Szöke A, Baudin G, Saba G, Pignon B, Richard J-R, Leboyer M, et al. Prevalence of psychotic disorders in an urban area of France. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15:204.
pubmed: 26303009
doi: 10.1186/s12888-015-0588-5
pmcid: 4548685
Szöke A, Charpeaud T, Galliot A-M, Vilain J, Richard J-R, Leboyer M, et al. Rural-urban variation in incidence of psychosis in France: a prospective epidemiologic study in two contrasted catchment areas. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14:78.
pubmed: 24636392
doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-78
pmcid: 3995443
O’Donoghue B, Collett H, Boyd S, Zhou Y, Castagnini E, Brown E, et al. The incidence and admission rate for first-episode psychosis in young people before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Melbourne, Australia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2022;56:811–7.
pubmed: 34651504
doi: 10.1177/00048674211053578
Davydow DS, Hough CL, Zatzick D, Katon WJ. Psychiatric symptoms and acute care service utilization over the course of the year following medical-surgical ICU admission: a longitudinal investigation*. Crit Care Med. 2014;42:2473–81.
pubmed: 25083985
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000527
pmcid: 4236258
Leung JYT, Barr AM, Procyshyn RM, Honer WG, Pang CCY. Cardiovascular side-effects of antipsychotic drugs: the role of the autonomic nervous system. Pharm Ther. 2012;135:113–22.
doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.04.003
Barbui C, Conti V, Cipriani A. Antipsychotic drug exposure and risk of venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Drug Saf. 2014;37:79–90.
pubmed: 24403009
doi: 10.1007/s40264-013-0127-6
Lücke C, Gschossmann JM, Grömer TW, Moeller S, Schneider CE, Zikidi A, et al. Off-label prescription of psychiatric drugs by non-psychiatrist physicians in three general hospitals in Germany. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2018;17:7.
pubmed: 29449869
doi: 10.1186/s12991-018-0176-4
pmcid: 5806239
Bowtell M, Eaton S, Thien K, Bardell-Williams M, Downey L, Ratheesh A, et al. Rates and predictors of relapse following discontinuation of antipsychotic medication after a first episode of psychosis. Schizophrenia Res. 2018;195:231–6.
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.030
Crump C, Winkleby MA, Sundquist K, Sundquist J. Comorbidities and mortality in persons with schizophrenia: a swedish national cohort study. AJP. 2013;170:324–33.
doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12050599
Fan Z, Wu Y, Shen J, Ji T, Zhan R. Schizophrenia and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of thirteen cohort studies. J Psychiatr Res. 2013;47:1549–56.
pubmed: 23953755
doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.07.011
Hayes JF, Marston L, Walters K, King MB, Osborn DPJ. Mortality gap for people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: UK-based cohort study 2000–2014. Br J Psychiatry. 2017;211:175–81.
pubmed: 28684403
doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.117.202606
pmcid: 5579328
Kowal C, Peyre H, Amad A, Pelissolo A, Leboyer M, Schürhoff F, et al. Psychotic, mood, and anxiety disorders and venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychosom Med. 2020;82:838–49.
pubmed: 32947580
doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000863
Chevance A, Gourion D, Hoertel N, Llorca P-M, Thomas P, Bocher R, et al. Ensuring mental health care during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: A narrative review. Encephale. 2020. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2020.03.001 .
Pignon B, Gourevitch R, Tebeka S, Dubertret C, Cardot H, Dauriac-Le Masson V, et al. Dramatic reduction of psychiatric emergency consultations during lockdown linked to COVID-19 in Paris and suburbs. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2020;74:557–9.
pubmed: 32609417
doi: 10.1111/pcn.13104
pmcid: 7361336
Mariet A-S, Giroud M, Benzenine E, Cottenet J, Roussot A, Aho-Glélé LS, et al. Hospitalizations for stroke in france during the COVID-19 pandemic before, during, and after the national lockdown. Stroke 2021;52:1362–9.
pubmed: 33626900
doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.032312
Mariet A-S, Benzenine E, Bouillet B, Vergès B, Quantin C, Petit J-M. Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on hospitalization for diabetic foot ulcers during lockdown: A French nationwide population-based study. Diabet Med. 2021;38:e14577.
pubmed: 33797791
doi: 10.1111/dme.14577
Olié E, Nogue E, Picot M, Courtet P. Hospitalizations for suicide attempt during the first COVID‐19 lockdown in France. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2021;143:535–6.
pubmed: 33740254
doi: 10.1111/acps.13296
pmcid: 8250776
Abel KM, Drake R, Goldstein JM. Sex differences in schizophrenia. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2010;22:417–28.
pubmed: 21047156
doi: 10.3109/09540261.2010.515205
Chi MH, Hsiao CY, Chen KC, Lee L-T, Tsai HC, Hui Lee I, et al. The readmission rate and medical cost of patients with schizophrenia after first hospitalization — A 10-year follow-up population-based study. Schizophrenia Res. 2016;170:184–90.
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.11.025
Immonen J, Jääskeläinen E, Korpela H, Miettunen J. Age at onset and the outcomes of schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Early Intervention Psychiatry. 2017;11:453–60.
doi: 10.1111/eip.12412
Boyer L, Fond G, Pauly V, Orléans V, Auquier P, Solmi M, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 hospital mortality in patients with schizophrenia: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27:5186–94.
pubmed: 36207583
doi: 10.1038/s41380-022-01803-4
pmcid: 9542474
Font H, Roelandt J-L, Behal H, Geoffroy P-A, Pignon B, Amad A, et al. Prevalence and predictors of no lifetime utilization of mental health treatment among people with mental disorders in France: findings from the ‘Mental Health in General Population’ (MHGP) survey. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2018;53:567–76.
pubmed: 29619580
doi: 10.1007/s00127-018-1507-0