Factors Associated with Vaccine Hesitancy in the State of Alaska.
Epidemiology
Infectious diseases
Public health
Vaccine confidence
Vaccine hesitancy
Journal
Journal of community health
ISSN: 1573-3610
Titre abrégé: J Community Health
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 7600747
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2023
12 2023
Historique:
accepted:
27
07
2023
medline:
9
10
2023
pubmed:
7
8
2023
entrez:
7
8
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is a major public health problem which includes not only concerns about vaccine, but often includes beliefs not aligned with evidence. The etiology of VH is complicate, including genuine concerns about vaccine safety to beliefs in disproven or unsubstantiated theories. Understanding VH includes determining the factors associated with people most likely to be susceptible. To identify characteristics of persons more likely to have VH based on perceived vaccine safety. We conducted a cross sectional, targeted online survey of 1,024 respondents. The survey collected data on demographics and vaccine beliefs. A seven-question VH scale was created based on an extensive literature review. When measured, this scale had high internal validity based on Cronbach's Alpha (α = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.79, 0.82) and provided a continuous measurement to understand the VH degree. Persons reporting a conservative political ideology had the highest VH score ([Formula: see text] = 15.0), followed by other ([Formula: see text] =12.7), moderate ([Formula: see text] =9.29), and liberal ([Formula: see text] =6.72). Education level was another strong indicator of VH, decreasing from the highest score of high school graduates ( [Formula: see text] = 13.2) to graduate degree holders ([Formula: see text] = 9.22). The more conservative a person's political ideology, the higher the VHS. We asked for ideology, rather than political party, although they are related, they are not the same. Ideology influences more domains than voting patterns. Higher educational attainment shows a protective effect against VH. These findings have direct implication for public health interventions, new interventions should be designed to be more accessible for persons with less formal education and more amenable to persons who hold a more conservative ideology.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is a major public health problem which includes not only concerns about vaccine, but often includes beliefs not aligned with evidence. The etiology of VH is complicate, including genuine concerns about vaccine safety to beliefs in disproven or unsubstantiated theories. Understanding VH includes determining the factors associated with people most likely to be susceptible.
OBJECTIVES
To identify characteristics of persons more likely to have VH based on perceived vaccine safety.
DESIGN
We conducted a cross sectional, targeted online survey of 1,024 respondents.
METHODS
The survey collected data on demographics and vaccine beliefs. A seven-question VH scale was created based on an extensive literature review. When measured, this scale had high internal validity based on Cronbach's Alpha (α = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.79, 0.82) and provided a continuous measurement to understand the VH degree.
RESULTS
Persons reporting a conservative political ideology had the highest VH score ([Formula: see text] = 15.0), followed by other ([Formula: see text] =12.7), moderate ([Formula: see text] =9.29), and liberal ([Formula: see text] =6.72). Education level was another strong indicator of VH, decreasing from the highest score of high school graduates ( [Formula: see text] = 13.2) to graduate degree holders ([Formula: see text] = 9.22).
CONCLUSION
The more conservative a person's political ideology, the higher the VHS. We asked for ideology, rather than political party, although they are related, they are not the same. Ideology influences more domains than voting patterns. Higher educational attainment shows a protective effect against VH. These findings have direct implication for public health interventions, new interventions should be designed to be more accessible for persons with less formal education and more amenable to persons who hold a more conservative ideology.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37548893
doi: 10.1007/s10900-023-01271-z
pii: 10.1007/s10900-023-01271-z
doi:
Substances chimiques
Vaccines
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1004-1009Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Références
MacDonald, N. E. (2015). Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine, 33, 4161–4164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036 .
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036
pubmed: 25896383
Wakefield, A. J., Murch, S. H., Anthony, A., et al. (1998). Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet, 351, 637–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(97)11096-0 . 1998/03/21.
doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(97)11096-0
pubmed: 9500320
Nasralah, T., Elnoshokaty, A., El-Gayar, O., et al. (2022). A comparative analysis of anti-vax discourse on twitter before and after COVID-19 onset. Health Informatics J, 28, 14604582221135831. 2022/11/24.
doi: 10.1177/14604582221135831
pubmed: 36416280
pmcid: 9692178
Immergut, E. M., & Schneider, S. M. (2020). Is it unfair for the affluent to be able to purchase “better” healthcare? Existential standards and institutional norms in healthcare attitudes across 28 countries. Social Science & Medicine, 267, 113146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113146 .
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113146
Singletary, K. A., & Chin, M. H. (2023). What Should Antiracist Payment Reform Look Like? AMA J Ethics ; 25: E55-65. 2023/01/10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/amajethics.2023.55 .
Lazarus, J. V., Wyka, K., White, T. M., et al. (2023). A survey of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 23 countries in 2022. Nature Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-02185-4 .
doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-02185-4
pubmed: 36624316
Laws, V. (2022). https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/publications/topic/vaccinationlaws.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fphlp%2Fpublications%2Ftopic%2Fvaccinations.html#polar-graph (2022, accessed 01/10 2023).
Robinson, R., Nguyen, E., Wright, M., et al. (2022). Factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy and reduced vaccine confidence in rural underserved populations. Humanit Soc Sci Commun, 9, 416. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-022-01439-3 . 2022/12/06.
doi: 10.1057/s41599-022-01439-3
pubmed: 36466708
pmcid: 9702767
World Health, O. (2022). Behavioural and social drivers of vaccination: Tools and practical guidance for achieving high uptake. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Team, R. C. (2023). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. 4.1.0 ed. Vienna, Austria: R Core Team.
Howard, M. C. (2022). Investigating the relation of political orientation and vaccination outcomes: Identifying the roles of political ideology, Party Affiliation, and Vaccine Hesitancy. Psychological Reports, 0, 00332941221144604. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941221144604 .
doi: 10.1177/00332941221144604
Krieger, N., Testa, C., Chen, J. T., et al. (2022). Relationship of political ideology of US federal and state elected officials and key COVID pandemic outcomes following vaccine rollout to adults: April 2021-March 2022. Lancet Reg Health Am, 16, 100384. 2022/11/08.
pubmed: 36338898
pmcid: 9621695
Meng, L., Masters, N. B., Lu, P. J. Cluster analysis of adults unvaccinated for COVID-19 based on behavioral and social factors, National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module, United States. Preventive Medicine 2022: 107415. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107415 .
Rui, R., Tian, M., & Xiong, W. (2022). Exploration of the impact of political ideology disparity on COVID-19 transmission in the United States. Bmc Public Health, 22, 2163. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14545-3 . 2022/11/25.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14545-3
pubmed: 36424566
pmcid: 9685041
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. Int J Med Educ, 2, 53–55. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd . 2011/06/27.
doi: 10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
pubmed: 28029643
pmcid: 4205511
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555 .
doi: 10.1007/BF02310555
Measures of Skewness and Kurtosis (1999). https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda35b.htm# ~:text=Skewness%20is%20a%20measure%20of,relative%20to%20a%20normal%20distribution. accessed 01/2023).
Seber, G. A. F., & Lee, A. J. (2003). Linear Regression Analysis. Wiley.
MacDonald, N. E. (2015). Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants. Vaccine, 33, 4161–4164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036 . 20150417.
doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036
pubmed: 25896383