No gender differences in the pharmacological emergency treatment of schizophrenia: results of a 21-year observation.
Journal
International clinical psychopharmacology
ISSN: 1473-5857
Titre abrégé: Int Clin Psychopharmacol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8609061
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 Jan 2024
01 Jan 2024
Historique:
medline:
30
11
2023
pubmed:
9
8
2023
entrez:
9
8
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Patients suffering from schizophrenia are at high risk for admission and treatment in locked units. This study investigated gender differences in the pharmacological emergency treatment of schizophrenia patients over a 21-year observation period. The current retrospective study was conducted at the Division of Psychiatry I of the Medical University Innsbruck. All adult patients (n = 845; 425 female) suffering from schizophrenia who were admitted involuntarily to one of the acute psychiatric units in the years 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 were included in the study. In the years mentioned above, 590 schizophrenia patients (297 men, 293 women) admitted to a locked unit received pharmacological emergency treatment. With the exception of clozapine which was more frequently administered to men no significant differences between men and women were found in terms of the choice, dosage, and type of application of medication (antipsychotics and benzodiazepines). Since most treatment guidelines for schizophrenia do not consider gender differences at all, it is not surprising that acute treatment is almost the same for men and women. However, in times when individualized therapies gain more and more importance, the consideration of sex differences should be part of new treatment concepts.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37555960
doi: 10.1097/YIC.0000000000000495
pii: 00004850-990000000-00085
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antipsychotic Agents
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
36-41Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Références
Anon. ICD-10, Chapter V: Mental and Behavioural Disorders (2016). World Health Organization, international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th Revision. http://apps.who.int/classifications/apps/icd/icd10online . [Accessed 26 March 2023]
DGPPN e.V. (2019). (Hrsg.) für die Leitliniengruppe: S3-Leitlinie Schizophrenie. Kurzfassung, Version 1.0. https://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/038-009.htm . [Accessed 26 March 2023]
NICE Guidance (2015). Violence and aggresion_ short-term management in mental health, health and community settings. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/NG10/chapter/1-Reccommendations#Ref396990971 [Accessed 26 March 2023]
Österreichische Gesellschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Biologische Psychiatrie (2015). Schizophrenie: aktuelle Behandlungsleitlinien. https://oegpb.at/2015/04/19/schizophrenie-aktuelle-behandlungsleitlinien/ . [Accessed 26 March 2023]
Achtyes E, Simmons A, Skabeev A, Levy N, Jiang Y, Marcy P, et al. (2018). Patient preferences concerning the efficacy and side-effect profile of schizophrenia medications: a survey of patients living with schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 18:292.
Andreasen NC, Pressler M, Nopoulos P, Miller D, Ho BC (2010). Antipsychotic dose equivalents and dose-years: a standardized method for comparing exposure to different drugs. Biol Psychiatry 67:255–262.
Arnold BD, Moeller J, Hochstrasser L, Schneeberger AR, Borgwardt S, Lang UE, et al. (2019). Compulsory admission to psychiatric wards-who is admitted, and who appeals against admission? Front Psychiatry 10:544.
Ashton CH (2007). Benzodiazepine equivalence table. benzo.org.uk : Benzodiazepine Equivalence Table. [Accessed 26 March 2023]
Brand BA, Haveman YRA, de Beer F, de Boer JN, Dazzan P, Sommer IEC (2021a). Antipsychotic medication for women with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Psychol Med 52:1–15.
Brand BA, de Boer JN, Sommer IEC (2021b). Estrogens in schizophrenia: progress, current challenges and opportunities. Curr Opin Psychiatry 34:228–237.
Bundesgesetz vom 1. März 1990 über die Unterbringung psychisch Kranker in Krankenanstalten (Unterbringungsgesetz - UbG), 2017. BGBl. I Nr. 131/2017. https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10002936&FassungVom=2017-08-02 . [Accessed 26 March 2023]
Carpiniello B, Pinna F, Tusconi M, Zaccheddu E, Fatteri F (2012). Gender differences in remission and recovery of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients: preliminary results of a prospective cohort study. Schizophrenia Res Treat 2012:576369.
Castberg I, Westin AA, Skogvoll E, Spigset O (2017). Effects of age and gender on the serum levels of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine. Acta Psychiatr Scand 136:455–464.
Cotton SM, Lambert M, Schimmelmann BG, Foley DL, Morley KI, McGorry PD, et al. (2009). Gender differences in premorbid, entry, treatment, and outcome characteristics in a treated epidemiological sample of 661 patients with first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 114:17–24.
Diaz E, Neuse E, Sullivan MC, Pearsall HR, Woods SW (2004). Adherence to conventional and atypical antipsychotics after hospital discharge. J Clin Psychiatry 65:354–360.
Edlinger M, Welte AS, Yalcin-Siedentopf N, Kemmler G, Neymeyer F, Fleischhacker WW, et al. (2018). Trends in pharmacological emergency treatment of patients suffering from schizophrenia over a 16-year observation period. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 33:197–203.
Fadiran EO, Zhang L (2015). Effects of sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of drugs and their impact on the safety of medicines in women. In: Harrison-Woolrych M, eds. Medicines for women. Adis, Cham. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-12406-3_2
Fernando P, Sommer IEC, Hasan A (2020). Do we need sex-oriented clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of schizophrenia? Curr Opin Psychiatry 33:192–199.
Franconi F, Campesi I (2014). Pharmacogenomics, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: interaction with biological differences between men and women. Br J Pharmacol 171:580–594.
Garriga M, Pacchiarotti I, Kasper S, Zeller SL, Allen MH, Vázquez G, et al. (2016). Assessment and management of agitation in psychiatry: expert consensus. World J Biol Psychiatr 17:86–128.
Heidbreder M, Dominiak P (2010). Therapie mit Antipsychotika und Antidepressiva. In: Lemmer B, Brune K, Editors. Pharmakotherapie. Klinische Pharmakologie Heidelberg, Springer. pp. 82–83.
Hoekstra S, Bartz-Johannessen C, Sinkeviciute I, Reitan SK, Kroken RA, Løberg EM, et al. (2021). Sex differences in antipsychotic efficacy and side effects in schizophrenia spectrum disorder: results from the BeSt InTro study. npj Schizophr 7:39.
Holm L, Ekman E, Jorsäter Blomgren K (2017). Influence of age, sex and seriousness on reporting of adverse drug reactions in Sweden. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 26:335–343.
Humberstone V, Wheeler A, Lambert T (2004). An audit of outpatient antipsychotic usage in the three health sectors of Auckland, New Zealand. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 38:240–245.
Jönsson AK, Spigset O, Reis M (2019). A Compilation of serum concentrations of 12 antipsychotic drugs in a therapeutic drug monitoring setting. Ther Drug Monit 41:348–356.
Krakowski M, Czobor P (2004). Gender differences in violent behaviors: relationship to clinical symptoms and psychosocial factors. Am J Psychiatry 161:459–465.
Lange B, Mueller JK, Leweke FM, Bumb JM (2017). How gender affects the pharmacotherapeutic approach to treating psychosis - a systematic review. Expert Opin Pharmacother 18:351–362.
Lehman AF, Lieberman JA, Dixon LB, McGlashan TH, Miller AL, Perkins DO, et al.; American Psychiatric Association (2004). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, second edition. Am J Psychiatry 161((2 Suppl):1–56.
Ochoa S, Usall J, Cobo J, Labad X, Kulkarni J (2012). Gender differences in schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis: a comprehensive literature review. Schizophrenia Res Treat 2012:916198.
Riecher-Rössler A, Butler S, Kulkarni J (2018). Sex and gender differences in schizophrenic psychoses-a critical review. Arch Women’s Mental Health 21:627–648.
Rittmannsberger H, Foff C, Zaunmüller T (2009). Unterbringungen und Beschränkungen an einer psychiatrischen Abteilung: 2003-2006. Psychiatr Psychother 3/4:93–98.
Roßberg DCU (2010). Aggression und Zwangsmaßnahmen in der Psychiatrie: Charakteristika zwangsweise untergebrachter Patienten [Dissertation]. Halle-Wittenberg: Medizinischen Fakultät der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg.
Sagerschnig S, Nowotny M, Ladurner J (2019). Monitoring der Unterbringungen nach UbG in Österreich. https://www.parlament.gv.at/PAKT/VHG/XXVII/AB/AB_01137/imfname_793972.pdf . [Accessed 26 March 2023]
Seeman MV (2019). Does gender influence outcome in schizophrenia? Psychiatr Q 90:173–184.
Sim K, Su A, Leong JY, Yip K, Chong MY, Fujii S, et al. (2004). High dose antipsychotic use in schizophrenia: findings of the REAP (research on east Asia psychotropic prescriptions) study. Pharmacopsychiatry 37:175–179.
Smith S (2010). Gender differences in antipsychotic prescribing. Int Rev Psychiatry (Abingdon, England) 22:472–484.
Sommer IE, Tiihonen J, van Mourik A, Tanskanen A, Taipale H (2020). The clinical course of schizophrenia in women and men-a nation-wide cohort study. npj Schizophr 6:12.
Storosum BWC, Mattila T, Wohlfarth TD, Gispen-de Wied CC, Roes KCB, den Brink WV, et al. (2023). Gender differences in the response to antipsychotic medication in patients with schizophrenia: an individual patient data meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies. Psychiatry Res 320:114997.
Tan KR, Rudolph U, Lüscher C (2011). Hooked on benzodiazepines: GABAA receptor subtypes and addiction. Trends Neurosci 34:188–197.
Wellesley Wesley E, Patel I, Kadra-Scalzo G, Pritchard M, Sheety H, Broadbent M, et al. (2021). Gender disparities in clozapine prescription in a cohort of treatment-resistant schizophrenia in the South London and Maudsley case register. Schizophr Res 232:268–276.
Woods SW (2003). Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 64:663–667.
Zeller SL, Rhoades RW (2010). Systematic reviews of assessment measures and pharmacologic treatments for agitation. Clin Ther 32:403–425.