The Role of Progranulin (PGRN) in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke.
Cerebral ischemia
Inflammation
Neuroprotection
Progranulin
Stroke
Journal
Cellular and molecular neurobiology
ISSN: 1573-6830
Titre abrégé: Cell Mol Neurobiol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8200709
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Oct 2023
Oct 2023
Historique:
received:
11
12
2022
accepted:
28
07
2023
medline:
5
9
2023
pubmed:
10
8
2023
entrez:
10
8
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Stroke is a life-threatening medical condition and is a leading cause of disability. Cerebral ischemia is characterized by a distinct inflammatory response starting with the production of various cytokines and other inflammation-related agents. Progranulin (PGRN), a multifunctional protein, is critical in diverse physiological reactions, such as cell proliferation, inflammation, wound healing, and nervous system development. A mature PGRN is anti-inflammatory, while granulin, its derivative, conversely induces pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. PGRN is significantly involved in the brain tissue and its damage, for example, improving mood and cognitive disorders caused by cerebral ischemia. It may also have protective effects against nerve and spinal cord injuries by inhibiting neuroinflammatory response and apoptosis or it may be related to the proliferation, accumulation, differentiation, and activation of microglia. PGRN is a neurotrophic factor in the central nervous system. It may increase post-stroke neurogenesis of the subventricular zone (SVZ), which is particularly important in improving long-term brain function following cerebral ischemia. The neurogenesis enhanced via PGRN in the ischemic brain SVZ may be attributed to the induction of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling routes. PGRN can also promote the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. PGRN increases hippocampal neurogenesis, reducing anxiety and impaired spatial learning post-cerebral ischemia. PGRN alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. PGRN can be introduced as a potent neuroprotective agent capable of improving post-ischemia neuronal actions, mainly by reducing and elevating the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Expression, storage, cleavage, and function of progranulin (PGRN) in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37561339
doi: 10.1007/s10571-023-01396-8
pii: 10.1007/s10571-023-01396-8
doi:
Substances chimiques
Progranulins
0
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
EC 2.7.11.1
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
EC 2.7.1.-
Cytokines
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3435-3447Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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