Eating Behavior and Satiety With Virtual Reality Meals Compared With Real Meals: Randomized Crossover Study.
VR
anorexia nervosa
binge eating disorder
bulimia nervosa
eating behavior
exposure therapy
immersive virtual reality
obesity
overweight
virtual reality
Journal
JMIR serious games
ISSN: 2291-9279
Titre abrégé: JMIR Serious Games
Pays: Canada
ID NLM: 101645255
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 Aug 2023
10 Aug 2023
Historique:
received:
17
11
2022
accepted:
07
06
2023
revised:
09
03
2023
medline:
10
8
2023
pubmed:
10
8
2023
entrez:
10
8
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Eating disorders and obesity are serious health problems with poor treatment outcomes and high relapse rates despite well-established treatments. Several studies have suggested that virtual reality technology could enhance the current treatment outcomes and could be used as an adjunctive tool in their treatment. This study aims to investigate the differences between eating virtual and real-life meals and test the hypothesis that eating a virtual meal can reduce hunger among healthy women. The study included 20 healthy women and used a randomized crossover design. The participants were asked to eat 1 introduction meal, 2 real meals, and 2 virtual meals, all containing real or virtual meatballs and potatoes. The real meals were eaten on a plate that had been placed on a scale that communicated with analytical software on a computer. The virtual meals were eaten in a room where participants were seated on a real chair in front of a real table and fitted with the virtual reality equipment. The eating behavior for both the real and virtual meals was filmed. Hunger was measured before and after the meals using questionnaires. There was a significant difference in hunger from baseline to after the real meal (mean difference=61.8, P<.001) but no significant change in hunger from before to after the virtual meal (mean difference=6.9, P=.10). There was no significant difference in food intake between the virtual and real meals (mean difference=36.8, P=.07). Meal duration was significantly shorter in the virtual meal (mean difference=-5.4, P<.001), which led to a higher eating rate (mean difference=82.9, P<.001). Some participants took bites and chewed during the virtual meal, but the number of bites and chews was lower than in the real meal. The meal duration was reduced from the first virtual meal to the second virtual meal, but no significant difference was observed between the 2 real meals. Eating a virtual meal does not appear to significantly reduce hunger in healthy individuals. Also, this methodology does not significantly result in eating behaviors identical to real-life conditions but does evoke chewing and bite behavior in certain individuals. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05734209, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05734209.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Eating disorders and obesity are serious health problems with poor treatment outcomes and high relapse rates despite well-established treatments. Several studies have suggested that virtual reality technology could enhance the current treatment outcomes and could be used as an adjunctive tool in their treatment.
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to investigate the differences between eating virtual and real-life meals and test the hypothesis that eating a virtual meal can reduce hunger among healthy women.
METHODS
METHODS
The study included 20 healthy women and used a randomized crossover design. The participants were asked to eat 1 introduction meal, 2 real meals, and 2 virtual meals, all containing real or virtual meatballs and potatoes. The real meals were eaten on a plate that had been placed on a scale that communicated with analytical software on a computer. The virtual meals were eaten in a room where participants were seated on a real chair in front of a real table and fitted with the virtual reality equipment. The eating behavior for both the real and virtual meals was filmed. Hunger was measured before and after the meals using questionnaires.
RESULTS
RESULTS
There was a significant difference in hunger from baseline to after the real meal (mean difference=61.8, P<.001) but no significant change in hunger from before to after the virtual meal (mean difference=6.9, P=.10). There was no significant difference in food intake between the virtual and real meals (mean difference=36.8, P=.07). Meal duration was significantly shorter in the virtual meal (mean difference=-5.4, P<.001), which led to a higher eating rate (mean difference=82.9, P<.001). Some participants took bites and chewed during the virtual meal, but the number of bites and chews was lower than in the real meal. The meal duration was reduced from the first virtual meal to the second virtual meal, but no significant difference was observed between the 2 real meals.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Eating a virtual meal does not appear to significantly reduce hunger in healthy individuals. Also, this methodology does not significantly result in eating behaviors identical to real-life conditions but does evoke chewing and bite behavior in certain individuals.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
BACKGROUND
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05734209, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05734209.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37561558
pii: v11i1e44348
doi: 10.2196/44348
pmc: PMC10450530
doi:
Banques de données
ClinicalTrials.gov
['NCT05734209']
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
e44348Informations de copyright
©Alkyoni Glympi, Dorothy Odegi, Modjtaba Zandian, Per Södersten, Cecilia Bergh, Billy Langlet. Originally published in JMIR Serious Games (https://games.jmir.org), 10.08.2023.
Références
JMIR Serious Games. 2018 Oct 17;6(4):e10839
pubmed: 30333096
Nutrients. 2017 Aug 17;9(8):
pubmed: 28817066
J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2011 Mar 01;5(2):283-92
pubmed: 21527095
JMIR Serious Games. 2021 Apr 13;9(2):e24998
pubmed: 33847593
Behav Neurosci. 2013 Dec;127(6):878-89
pubmed: 24341712
Int J Eat Disord. 2009 Nov;42(7):636-47
pubmed: 19208386
Appetite. 2013 Jan;60(1):208-219
pubmed: 23017464
J Med Internet Res. 2018 Apr 27;20(4):e157
pubmed: 29703715
Int J Obes (Lond). 2015 Nov;39(11):1589-96
pubmed: 26100137
Body Image. 2012 Jan;9(1):1-11
pubmed: 22119329
Physiol Behav. 2017 Jul 1;176:107-116
pubmed: 28213204
Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2016 Feb;19(2):134-40
pubmed: 26430819
Clin Med (Lond). 2019 May;19(3):205-212
pubmed: 31092512
Transfusion. 2007 Apr;47(4):565-7
pubmed: 17381612
Curr Obes Rep. 2019 Jun;8(2):77-87
pubmed: 31037612
Clin Obes. 2017 Jun;7(3):123-135
pubmed: 28296261
Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Jan;217:107667
pubmed: 32858054
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2009 Aug 21;6:58
pubmed: 19698102
Physiol Behav. 2007 Sep 10;92(1-2):283-90
pubmed: 17585973
J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2011 Mar 01;5(2):256-64
pubmed: 21527091
Lancet Psychiatry. 2015 Dec;2(12):1099-111
pubmed: 26514083
Science. 2010 Dec 10;330(6010):1530-3
pubmed: 21148388
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012 Jun;20(6):1212-7
pubmed: 22240720
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011 Oct 21;8:115
pubmed: 22018588
Cyberpsychol Behav. 2006 Aug;9(4):457-79
pubmed: 16901250
Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2015 Sep;23(5):371-8
pubmed: 26095041
Am J Manag Care. 2016 Jun;22(7 Suppl):s176-85
pubmed: 27356115
Behav Sci (Basel). 2017 Jul 09;7(3):
pubmed: 28698483
J Am Diet Assoc. 2011 Aug;111(8):1236-41
pubmed: 21802573
Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak. 2020 Jan 1;31(1):26-32
pubmed: 32612410
J Vis Exp. 2018 May 8;(135):
pubmed: 29806832
Games Health J. 2018 Oct;7(5):310-316
pubmed: 30325233
Lancet. 2020 Mar 14;395(10227):899-911
pubmed: 32171414
Psychiatry Res. 2016 Feb 28;236:189-195
pubmed: 26795129
C R Biol. 2017 Feb;340(2):87-108
pubmed: 28089486
Obes Rev. 2017 Jul;18(7):715-723
pubmed: 28489290
Foods. 2021 Jan 05;10(1):
pubmed: 33466255
Nutrients. 2016 May 21;8(5):
pubmed: 27213451
J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Aug;109(8):1427-32
pubmed: 19631051
Obes Rev. 2011 Nov;12(11):912-34
pubmed: 21815990