Universal DNA methylation age across mammalian tissues.


Journal

Nature aging
ISSN: 2662-8465
Titre abrégé: Nat Aging
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101773306

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
09 2023
Historique:
received: 29 09 2022
accepted: 21 06 2023
medline: 18 9 2023
pubmed: 11 8 2023
entrez: 10 8 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Aging, often considered a result of random cellular damage, can be accurately estimated using DNA methylation profiles, the foundation of pan-tissue epigenetic clocks. Here, we demonstrate the development of universal pan-mammalian clocks, using 11,754 methylation arrays from our Mammalian Methylation Consortium, which encompass 59 tissue types across 185 mammalian species. These predictive models estimate mammalian tissue age with high accuracy (r > 0.96). Age deviations correlate with human mortality risk, mouse somatotropic axis mutations and caloric restriction. We identified specific cytosines with methylation levels that change with age across numerous species. These sites, highly enriched in polycomb repressive complex 2-binding locations, are near genes implicated in mammalian development, cancer, obesity and longevity. Our findings offer new evidence suggesting that aging is evolutionarily conserved and intertwined with developmental processes across all mammals.

Identifiants

pubmed: 37563227
doi: 10.1038/s43587-023-00462-6
pii: 10.1038/s43587-023-00462-6
pmc: PMC10501909
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1144-1166

Subventions

Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : K00 CA234840
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : U01 AG060908
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : U34 AG068482
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R21 AG055841
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : P30 AG013319
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG050797
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : P30 AG044271
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : P01 AG051449
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : N01HC25195
Pays : United States

Commentaires et corrections

Type : ErratumIn

Informations de copyright

© 2023. The Author(s).

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Auteurs

A T Lu (AT)

Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA.

Z Fei (Z)

Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.

A Haghani (A)

Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA.

T R Robeck (TR)

Zoological SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL, USA.

J A Zoller (JA)

Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

C Z Li (CZ)

Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

R Lowe (R)

Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK.

Q Yan (Q)

Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA.

J Zhang (J)

Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

H Vu (H)

Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

J Ablaeva (J)

Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.

V A Acosta-Rodriguez (VA)

Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

D M Adams (DM)

Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.

J Almunia (J)

Loro Parque Fundacion, Puerto de la Cruz, Spain.

A Aloysius (A)

Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.

R Ardehali (R)

Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

A Arneson (A)

Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

C S Baker (CS)

Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA.

G Banks (G)

School of Science and Technology, Clifton Campus, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.

K Belov (K)

School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

N C Bennett (NC)

Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa.

P Black (P)

Busch Gardens Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA.

D T Blumstein (DT)

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA.

E K Bors (EK)

Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA.

C E Breeze (CE)

Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.

R T Brooke (RT)

Epigenetic Clock Development Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

J L Brown (JL)

Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA.

G G Carter (GG)

Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

A Caulton (A)

AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

J M Cavin (JM)

Gulf World, Dolphin Company, Panama City Beach, FL, USA.

L Chakrabarti (L)

School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

I Chatzistamou (I)

Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.

H Chen (H)

Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.

K Cheng (K)

Medical Informatics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

P Chiavellini (P)

Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata, Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.

O W Choi (OW)

Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

S M Clarke (SM)

AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand.

L N Cooper (LN)

Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.

M L Cossette (ML)

Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.

J Day (J)

Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia.

J DeYoung (J)

Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

S DiRocco (S)

SeaWorld of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.

C Dold (C)

Zoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL, USA.

E E Ehmke (EE)

Duke Lemur Center, Durham, NC, USA.

C K Emmons (CK)

Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA.

S Emmrich (S)

Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.

E Erbay (E)

Altos Labs, San Francisco, CA, USA.

C Erlacher-Reid (C)

SeaWorld of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
SeaWorld Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA.

C G Faulkes (CG)

School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

S H Ferguson (SH)

Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

C J Finno (CJ)

Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.

J E Flower (JE)

Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, CT, USA.

J M Gaillard (JM)

Universite de Lyon, Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France.

E Garde (E)

Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland.

L Gerber (L)

Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

V N Gladyshev (VN)

Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

V Gorbunova (V)

Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.

R G Goya (RG)

Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata, Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.

M J Grant (MJ)

Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

C B Green (CB)

Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

E N Hales (EN)

Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.

M B Hanson (MB)

Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA.

D W Hart (DW)

Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa.

M Haulena (M)

Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

K Herrick (K)

SeaWorld of California, San Diego, CA, USA.

A N Hogan (AN)

Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

C J Hogg (CJ)

School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

T A Hore (TA)

Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

T Huang (T)

Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, NY, USA.

J C Izpisua Belmonte (JC)

Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA.

A J Jasinska (AJ)

Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

G Jones (G)

School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

E Jourdain (E)

Norwegian Orca Survey, Andenes, Norway.

O Kashpur (O)

Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.

H Katcher (H)

Yuvan Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.

E Katsumata (E)

Kamogawa Sea World, Kamogawa, Japan.

V Kaza (V)

Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.

H Kiaris (H)

Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.

M S Kobor (MS)

Edwin S.H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

P Kordowitzki (P)

Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
Institute for Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.

W R Koski (WR)

LGL Limited, King City, Ontario, Canada.

M Krützen (M)

Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

S B Kwon (SB)

Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

B Larison (B)

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Center for Tropical Research, Institute for the Environment and Sustainability, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

S G Lee (SG)

Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

M Lehmann (M)

Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata, Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.

J F Lemaitre (JF)

Universite de Lyon, Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France.

A J Levine (AJ)

Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

C Li (C)

Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Laramie, WY, USA.

X Li (X)

Technology Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

A R Lim (AR)

Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

D T S Lin (DTS)

Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

D M Lindemann (DM)

SeaWorld of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.

T J Little (TJ)

Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

N Macoretta (N)

Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.

D Maddox (D)

White Oak Conservation, Yulee, FL, USA.

C O Matkin (CO)

North Gulf Oceanic Society, Homer, AK, USA.

J A Mattison (JA)

Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

M McClure (M)

ABS Global, DeForest, WI, USA.

J Mergl (J)

Marineland of Canada, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada.

J J Meudt (JJ)

Biomedical and Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

G A Montano (GA)

Zoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL, USA.

K Mozhui (K)

Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA.
Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA.

J Munshi-South (J)

Louis Calder Center-Biological Field Station, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA.

A Naderi (A)

Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.

M Nagy (M)

Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany.

P Narayan (P)

Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

P W Nathanielsz (PW)

Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Laramie, WY, USA.

N B Nguyen (NB)

Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

C Niehrs (C)

Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany.
Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.

J K O'Brien (JK)

Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia.

P O'Tierney Ginn (P)

Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

D T Odom (DT)

Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Division of Regulatory Genomics and Cancer Evolution, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany.

A G Ophir (AG)

Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

S Osborn (S)

SeaWorld of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA.

E A Ostrander (EA)

Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

K M Parsons (KM)

Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA.

K C Paul (KC)

Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

M Pellegrini (M)

Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

K J Peters (KJ)

Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.

A B Pedersen (AB)

Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

J L Petersen (JL)

Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.

D W Pietersen (DW)

Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa.

G M Pinho (GM)

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

J Plassais (J)

Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

J R Poganik (JR)

Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

N A Prado (NA)

Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA.

P Reddy (P)

Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA.
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.

B Rey (B)

Universite de Lyon, Universite Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France.

B R Ritz (BR)

Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

J Robbins (J)

Center for Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA, USA.

M Rodriguez (M)

Miami Seaquarium, Miami, FL, USA.

J Russell (J)

SeaWorld of California, San Diego, CA, USA.

E Rydkina (E)

Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.

L L Sailer (LL)

Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

A B Salmon (AB)

The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio and the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX, USA.

A Sanghavi (A)

Yuvan Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.

K M Schachtschneider (KM)

Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.

D Schmitt (D)

College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA.

T Schmitt (T)

SeaWorld of California, San Diego, CA, USA.

L Schomacher (L)

Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany.

L B Schook (LB)

Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.

K E Sears (KE)

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

A W Seifert (AW)

Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.

A Seluanov (A)

Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.

A B A Shafer (ABA)

Department of Forensic Science, Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.

D Shanmuganayagam (D)

Biomedical and Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

A V Shindyapina (AV)

Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

M Simmons (M)

Duke Lemur Center, Durham, NC, USA.

K Singh (K)

Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS University, Mumbai, India.

I Sinha (I)

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

J Slone (J)

Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.

R G Snell (RG)

Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

E Soltanmaohammadi (E)

Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.

M L Spangler (ML)

Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA.

M C Spriggs (MC)

Busch Gardens Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA.

L Staggs (L)

SeaWorld of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.

N Stedman (N)

Busch Gardens Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA.

K J Steinman (KJ)

Species Preservation Laboratory, SeaWorld San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.

D T Stewart (DT)

Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada.

V J Sugrue (VJ)

Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

B Szladovits (B)

Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.

J S Takahashi (JS)

Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

M Takasugi (M)

Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.

E C Teeling (EC)

School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

M J Thompson (MJ)

Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

B Van Bonn (B)

John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, USA.

S C Vernes (SC)

School of Biology, the University of St Andrews, Fife, UK.
Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

D Villar (D)

Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

H V Vinters (HV)

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

M C Wallingford (MC)

Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.

N Wang (N)

Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

R K Wayne (RK)

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

G S Wilkinson (GS)

Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.

C K Williams (CK)

Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

R W Williams (RW)

Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA.

X W Yang (XW)

Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

M Yao (M)

Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

B G Young (BG)

Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

B Zhang (B)

Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Z Zhang (Z)

Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.

P Zhao (P)

Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Y Zhao (Y)

Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.

W Zhou (W)

Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

J Zimmermann (J)

Department of Mathematics and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany.

J Ernst (J)

Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

K Raj (K)

Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK.

S Horvath (S)

Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. shorvath@mednet.ucla.edu.
Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA. shorvath@mednet.ucla.edu.
Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. shorvath@mednet.ucla.edu.

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