Behavioral Self-Blame in PTSD-Etiology, Risk Factors, and Proposed Interventions.
PTSD
behavioral self-blame
feeling out of control
sense of control
Journal
International journal of environmental research and public health
ISSN: 1660-4601
Titre abrégé: Int J Environ Res Public Health
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101238455
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 08 2023
05 08 2023
Historique:
received:
01
07
2023
revised:
01
08
2023
accepted:
03
08
2023
medline:
14
8
2023
pubmed:
12
8
2023
entrez:
12
8
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Feeling out of control during a traumatic event may evoke behavioral self-blame (BSB) to avoid feeling helpless following trauma by restoring one's sense of control. BSB is a common, persistent, and treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress symptom. The present study investigates the etiology and risk factors of BSB following a traumatic event and the reasons for its persistence over time. Subjects were a group of 546 Israeli ex-combat soldiers (M age = 24.93 ± 5.657) registered in an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) combat reaction clinic. All completed the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5). Item 10 of the PCL-5 served to measure BSB. The PDEQ and BSI measured distress and feeling out of control during the event. We used descriptive analyses of the data, Feeling out of control during a traumatic event often increases BSB and post-traumatic stress symptoms. A significant correlation emerged between continuing distress characterizing individuals who experience a persistent lack of control and BSB. Female combat soldiers were at a higher risk of BSB than their male counterparts. Loss of control experienced during a traumatic event may result in persistent long-term feelings of lack of control over one's behavior.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Feeling out of control during a traumatic event may evoke behavioral self-blame (BSB) to avoid feeling helpless following trauma by restoring one's sense of control. BSB is a common, persistent, and treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress symptom. The present study investigates the etiology and risk factors of BSB following a traumatic event and the reasons for its persistence over time.
METHOD
Subjects were a group of 546 Israeli ex-combat soldiers (M age = 24.93 ± 5.657) registered in an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) combat reaction clinic. All completed the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire (PDEQ), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), and the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5). Item 10 of the PCL-5 served to measure BSB. The PDEQ and BSI measured distress and feeling out of control during the event. We used descriptive analyses of the data,
RESULTS
Feeling out of control during a traumatic event often increases BSB and post-traumatic stress symptoms. A significant correlation emerged between continuing distress characterizing individuals who experience a persistent lack of control and BSB. Female combat soldiers were at a higher risk of BSB than their male counterparts.
CONCLUSION
Loss of control experienced during a traumatic event may result in persistent long-term feelings of lack of control over one's behavior.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37569070
pii: ijerph20156530
doi: 10.3390/ijerph20156530
pmc: PMC10418798
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Références
Stress Health. 2015 Apr;31(2):95-105
pubmed: 25873421
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010 Jun;67(6):614-23
pubmed: 20530011
Physiol Behav. 2019 Oct 15;210:112642
pubmed: 31394106
J Affect Disord. 2015 Aug 15;182:138-50
pubmed: 25997098
J Anxiety Disord. 2019 Oct;67:102133
pubmed: 31472332
Am Psychol. 1989 Mar;44(3):513-24
pubmed: 2648906
Am J Nurs. 2016 Nov;116(11):32-39
pubmed: 27755002
Eur Psychiatry. 2005 Mar;20(2):145-51
pubmed: 15797699
J Interpers Violence. 2017 Jun;32(11):1620-1641
pubmed: 26088902
Psychol Serv. 2020 May;17(2):151-159
pubmed: 31120293
Psychol Trauma. 2020 May;12(4):431-435
pubmed: 31328939
J Trauma Stress. 2014 Jun;27(3):283-90
pubmed: 24823939
Psychol Assess. 2004 Sep;16(3):289-98
pubmed: 15456384
Heart Lung. 2018 Mar - Apr;47(2):87-92
pubmed: 29449026
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2016 Feb;204(2):95-9
pubmed: 26588077
Support Care Cancer. 2022 Sep;30(9):7545-7551
pubmed: 35674794
Clin Psychol Rev. 1999 Aug;19(5):631-57
pubmed: 10467494
J Health Soc Behav. 1990 Mar;31(1):71-86
pubmed: 2313078
Crim Behav Ment Health. 2003;13(3):198-213
pubmed: 14654871
Musculoskeletal Care. 2018 Mar;16(1):133-138
pubmed: 29266659
Eur J Public Health. 2015 Aug;25(4):668-72
pubmed: 25465915
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2009 Sep-Oct;24(5):389-94
pubmed: 20066639
Behav Res Ther. 2007 Feb;45(2):395-403
pubmed: 16546119
Psychol Med. 1983 Aug;13(3):595-605
pubmed: 6622612
Mil Med. 2016 Jan;181(1 Suppl):28-39
pubmed: 26741899
J Anxiety Disord. 2015 Jan;29:101-8
pubmed: 25527902
J Trauma Stress. 2010 Feb;23(1):41-51
pubmed: 20135698
Psychol Assess. 2016 Nov;28(11):1379-1391
pubmed: 26653052
Disaster Mil Med. 2016 Mar 1;2:5
pubmed: 28265439
Clin Psychol Rev. 2015 Aug;40:184-94
pubmed: 26164548