Contaminants of emerging concern in urine: a review of analytical methods for determining diisocyanates, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, isothiazolinones, fragrances, and non-phthalate plasticizers.
Biomarker
Exposome
Exposure
Human biomonitoring
Mass spectrometry
Sample preparation
Journal
Environmental science and pollution research international
ISSN: 1614-7499
Titre abrégé: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 9441769
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Sep 2023
Sep 2023
Historique:
received:
20
09
2022
accepted:
26
07
2023
medline:
8
9
2023
pubmed:
19
8
2023
entrez:
19
8
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Human biomonitoring (HBM) frameworks assess human exposure to hazardous chemicals. In this review, we discuss and summarize sample preparation procedures and analytical methodology for six groups of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs), namely diisocyanates, benzotriazoles, benzothiazoles, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, isothiazolinones, fragrances, and non-phthalate plasticizers, which are increasingly detected in urine, however, are not yet widely included in HBM schemes, despite posing a risk to human health. The sample preparation procedures depend largely on the chemical group; however, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is most often used due to the minimized sample handling, lower sample volume, and generally achieving lower limits of quantification (LOQs) compared to other extraction techniques. In terms of sample analysis, LC-based methods generally achieve lower limits of quantification (LOQs) compared to GC-based methods for the selected six groups of chemicals owing to their broader chemical coverage. In conclusion, since these chemicals are expected to be more frequently included in future HBM studies, it becomes evident that there is a pressing need for rigorous quality assurance programs to ensure better comparability of data. These programs should include the reporting of measurement uncertainty and facilitate inter-laboratory comparisons among the reporting laboratories. In addition, high-resolution mass spectrometry should be more commonly employed to enhance the specificity and selectivity of the applied analytical methodology since it is underrepresented in HBM. Furthermore, due to the scarcity of data on the levels of these CECs in urine, large population HBM studies are necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the associated risks.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37597142
doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29070-y
pii: 10.1007/s11356-023-29070-y
pmc: PMC10482756
doi:
Substances chimiques
benzotriazole
86110UXM5Y
Plasticizers
0
enzacamene
8I3XWY40L9
Benzothiazoles
0
Perfume
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
95106-95138Subventions
Organisme : ARRS
ID : P1-0413, N1-0143, YR grant
Organisme : Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
ID : HBM4EU, Neurosome
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
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