Detrimental effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves emitted by mobile phones on morphokinetics, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in mouse preimplantation embryos.

Due to the increasing use of smart mobile phones, the impact of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on reproductive health has become a serious concern. This study investigated the effect of mobile phone RF-EMR with frequency 900-1800 MHZ on the mouse embryo morphokinetics and genotoxic effect in laboratory conditions. After ovarian stimulation in mice, the MII oocytes were collected and underwent by in vitro fertilization (IVF) method. The generated zygotes were divided into control and exposed groups. Then, the zygotes with 30 min of exposure to mobile phone RF-EMR, and the control zygotes without exposure, were incubated in the time-lapse for 5 days. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, morphokinetic, embryo viability rate, and Gene expression were evaluated. Exposure of zygotes to RF-EMR by inducing ROS caused a significant decrease in blastocyst viability (87.85 ± 2.86 versus 94.23 ± 2.44), delay in cleavage development (t

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.