Metabolites of Xenorhabdus bacteria are potent candidates for mitigating amphibian chytridiomycosis.
Amphibian pathogen
Antifungal treatment
Antimicrobial
Bioaugmentation
Chemical-free disinfection
Skin microbiota
Journal
AMB Express
ISSN: 2191-0855
Titre abrégé: AMB Express
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101561785
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
24 Aug 2023
24 Aug 2023
Historique:
received:
15
02
2023
accepted:
20
07
2023
medline:
24
8
2023
pubmed:
24
8
2023
entrez:
24
8
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Chytridiomycosis, caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has caused extreme losses in amphibian biodiversity. Finding bacteria that produce metabolites with antifungal properties may turn out to be invaluable in the fight against this devastating disease. The entomopathogenic bacteria, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii and X. budapestensis produce secondary metabolites that are effective against a wide range of fungal plant pathogens. To assess whether they may also be effective against Bd, we extracted cell-free culture media (CFCM) from liquid cultures of X. szentirmaii and X. budapestensis and tested their ability to inhibit Bd growth in vitro. As a second step, using juvenile common toads (Bufo bufo) experimentally infected with Bd we also tested the in vivo antifungal efficacy of X. szentirmaii CFCM diluted to 2 and 10% (v/v), while also assessing possible malign side effects on amphibians. Results of the in vitro experiment documented highly effective growth inhibition by CFCMs of both Xenorhabdus species. The in vivo experiment showed that treatment with CFCM of X. szentirmaii applied at a dilution of 10% resulted in infection intensities reduced by ca. 73% compared to controls and to juvenile toads treated with CFCM applied at a dilution of 2%. At the same time, we detected no negative side effects of treatment with CFCM on toad survival and development. Our results clearly support the idea that metabolites of X. szentirmaii, and perhaps of several other Xenorhabdus species as well, may prove highly useful for the treatment of Bd infected amphibians.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37615904
doi: 10.1186/s13568-023-01585-0
pii: 10.1186/s13568-023-01585-0
pmc: PMC10449739
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
88Informations de copyright
© 2023. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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