Precision Control in Vat Photopolymerization Based on Pure Copper Paste: Process Parameters and Optimization Strategies.

Vat photopolymerization (VPP) presents new opportunities for metals to achieve the design freedom of components. However, the material properties of copper powder and the inherent defects of the technology seriously hinder its application in high-precision metal additive manufacturing. Precision control is the key to obtaining minimal precision metal parts when copper is prepared by reduction photopolymerization. This paper employed variance analysis (ANOVA) and root mean square deviation (RMSD) to determine the significant parameters affecting dimensional accuracy and their optimal regions. The results show that printing accuracy is improved by optimizing exposure time, intensity, layer thickness, and sweeper moving speed. When the exposure time is 21 s, and the exposure intensity is 220 mW/cm