Increased neuropil antibody prevalence in COVID-19 patients with acute ischemic stroke.

COVID-19 infection is associated with an increased risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, autoimmunity has been implicated as a potential role player. To investigate the presence and clinical impact of neuronal cell surface antibodies in COVID-19 associated AIS, patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and AIS ( None of the recruited patients displayed well-characterized neuronal cell surface antibodies. Ten patients in the COVID-19 pneumonia with AIS group and three patients in the COVID-19 pneumonia without AIS group exhibited antibodies to neuropil of hippocampus and cerebellum. Neuropil-antibody positive patients showed trends towards milder clinical severity and reduced blood levels of inflammation factors. Our results confirm the presence of neuropil antibodies in patients with COVID-19 infection and identify a putative antibody-driven association between AIS and COVID-19. The antigenic targets and potential pathogenic action of these antibodies need to be further explored.