Toxic element contaminations of prenatal vitamins.

The detrimental effects of gestational and lactational exposure to adverse chemical agents are gathering increasing attention. In our study, the presence of toxic heavy metals in several prenatal vitamins from six brands available in supermarkets and pharmacies was measured using ICP mass spectrometry. Several toxic heavy metals were detected, some at levels that could have potential toxicity to the fetus and the mother as well. Previous studies have also detected toxic heavy metals in prenatal and other vitamins. One of the reasons for toxic heavy metals in "natural vitamins" sold to consumers is that they are produced from naturally grown material and not synthesized. They are likely exposed to the heavy metals from the ground that they are grown in and there has not been any significant attempt to get rid of them before the vitamin pill was sold to consumers. Thus, this problem is not an isolated issue and regulatory agencies should be dealing more aggressively than they have been doing. In fact, several papers have already been published showing similar findings as we are reporting here. The vitamin pills we analyzed have elevated levels of boron, aluminum, molybdenum, barium, lead, titanium, nickel, arsenic, strontium, and cadmium. The levels of total chromium were also elevated but we did not separately determine Cr(III) and the much more hazardous Cr(VI), because of the tedious procedure required to separate these two forms of Cr.

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Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.