Recent advances in biosensors for real time monitoring of pH, temperature, and oxygen in chronic wounds.

Chronic wounds are among the major healthcare issues affecting millions of people worldwide with high rates of morbidity, losses of limbs and mortality. Microbial infection in wounds is a severe problem that can impede healing of chronic wounds. Accurate, timely and early detection of infections, and real time monitoring of various wound healing biomarkers related to infection can be significantly helpful in the treatment and care of chronic wounds. However, clinical methodologies of periodic assessment and care of wounds require physical visit to wound care clinics or hospitals and time-consuming frequent replacement of wound dressing patches, which also often adversely affect the healing process. Besides, frequent replacements of wound dressings are highly expensive, causing a huge amount of burden on the national health care systems. Smart bandages have emerged to provide

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As the lead author of this article, I can confirm that neither I nor any of my co-authors have any financial or personal relationships that could be perceived as a potential conflict of interest. We have no affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity that has a direct or indirect interest in the subject matter of this article. We believe that it is important to disclose any potential conflicts of interest in scientific publications to maintain the integrity and transparency of the research process. As such, we confirm that we have no conflicts of interest to declare and that the research presented in this article has been conducted in an unbiased and objective manner.