Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association With Cardiovascular Diseases Among Patients Attending a Private Tertiary Sector Cardiovascular Heart Clinic in Nairobi.
awareness of cardiovascular diseases
cardiometabolic diseases
cardiovascular disease and vitamin d deficiency
cardiovascular disease prevention
framingham cardiovascular risk score
high-density lipoprotein
kenyatta national hospital
retrospective cross-sectional study
risk factors of cardiovascular diseases
vitamin d deficiency
Journal
Cureus
ISSN: 2168-8184
Titre abrégé: Cureus
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101596737
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Aug 2023
Aug 2023
Historique:
accepted:
05
08
2023
medline:
8
9
2023
pubmed:
8
9
2023
entrez:
8
9
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Vitamin D deficiency is a common condition that affects approximately 30-50% of the worldwide population. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases and is considered a cardiovascular risk factor globally. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that aimed to identify the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associations with the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile of patients presenting for cardiac evaluation at Primecare Heart Clinic, a private heart clinic in Nairobi, Kenya, between January 1, 2020 and January 31, 2022. Females with vitamin D deficiency composed 58.87% of the study participants. The average 10-year Framingham CVD risk level of the vitamin D-deficient participants was 7.09%. Participants with vitamin D deficiency that were older and had low serum high-density lipoprotein C (HDL-C) levels and high systolic blood pressure (BP) had a higher risk of CVDs. Male participants were at five times higher risk of CVDs. Vitamin D-deficient patients who were older and had a low HDL cholesterol level and high systolic BP are at a high risk of CVDs. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test value was 345.6992, and the p-value was 0.002884. Our study demonstrated that a low level of vitamin D was associated with a higher Framingham cardiovascular risk score and cardiovascular risk in patients. Nonetheless, this is a retrospective study, which is a major limitation of this study.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Vitamin D deficiency is a common condition that affects approximately 30-50% of the worldwide population. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases and is considered a cardiovascular risk factor globally. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that aimed to identify the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associations with the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile of patients presenting for cardiac evaluation at Primecare Heart Clinic, a private heart clinic in Nairobi, Kenya, between January 1, 2020 and January 31, 2022.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Females with vitamin D deficiency composed 58.87% of the study participants. The average 10-year Framingham CVD risk level of the vitamin D-deficient participants was 7.09%. Participants with vitamin D deficiency that were older and had low serum high-density lipoprotein C (HDL-C) levels and high systolic blood pressure (BP) had a higher risk of CVDs. Male participants were at five times higher risk of CVDs. Vitamin D-deficient patients who were older and had a low HDL cholesterol level and high systolic BP are at a high risk of CVDs. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test value was 345.6992, and the p-value was 0.002884.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
Our study demonstrated that a low level of vitamin D was associated with a higher Framingham cardiovascular risk score and cardiovascular risk in patients. Nonetheless, this is a retrospective study, which is a major limitation of this study.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37680439
doi: 10.7759/cureus.43012
pmc: PMC10480576
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
e43012Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023, Gachemba et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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