Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer with High Microsatellite Instability: The Ongoing Search for Biomarkers.

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a biological condition associated with inflamed tumors, high tumor mutational burden (TMB), and responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In colorectal cancer (CRC), MSI tumors are found in 5% of patients in the metastatic setting and 15% in early-stage disease. Following the impressive clinical activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the metastatic setting, associated with deep and long-lasting responses, the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has expanded to early-stage disease. Several phase II trials have demonstrated a high rate of pathological complete responses, with some patients even spared from surgery. However, in both settings, not all patients respond and some responses are short, emphasizing the importance of the ongoing search for accurate biomarkers. While various biomarkers of response have been evaluated in the context of MSI CRC, including

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

J. Ros declares personal financial interests for speaking/travel grants or accommodation from Amgen, Merck, Pierre-Fabre, Servier, and Sanofi. E. Élez declares personal financial interests for consulting/advisory roles and/or honoraria, travel grants, and research grants from Amgen, Bayer, Hoffman-La Roche, Merck Serono, Sanofi, Pierre Fabre, MSD, Organon, Novartis, and Servier. E. Élez declares institutional financial interests in the form of financial support for clinical trials or contracted research for Amgen Inc., Array Biopharma Inc., AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, BeiGene, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Debiopharm International SA, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Genentech Inc., HalioDX SAS, Hutchison MediPharma International, Janssen-Cilag SA, MedImmune, Menarini, Merck Health KGAA, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merus NV, Mirati, Novartis Farmacéutica SA, Pfizer, Pharma Mar, Sanofi Aventis Recherche & Développement, Servier, and Taiho Pharma USA Inc. M. Rodríguez declares personal speaker honoraria from ROVI and accommodation expenses from BMS, Amgen, and Merck. N. Saoudi declares accommodation and travel expenses from Amgen and Merck, and personal speaker honoraria from Amgen. I. Baraibar has received accommodation and travel expenses from Amgen, Merck, Sanofi, and Servier. F. Salvà reports personal financial interests, honoraria for advisory roles, travel grants, and research grants (past 5 years): Hoffman La-Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Amgen, Merck Serono, Servier, Bristol-Myers Squibb. J. Tabernero reports personal financial interests in the form of scientific consultancy roles for Array Biopharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chugai, Daiichi Sankyo, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Genentech Inc., HalioDX SAS, Hutchison MediPharma International, Ikena Oncology, Inspirna Inc., IQVIA, Lilly, Menarini, Merck Serono, Merus, MSD, Mirati, Neophore, Novartis, Ona Therapeutics, Orion Biotechnology, Peptomyc, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Samsung Bioepis, Sanofi, Scandion Oncology, Scorpion Therapeutics, Seattle Genetics, Servier, Sotio Biotech, Taiho, Tessa Therapeutics, TheraMyc, and Tolremo Therapeutics. Stocks: Oniria Therapeutics, and also educational collaboration with Imedex/HMP, Medscape Education, MJH Life Sciences, the PeerView Institute for Medical Education, and the Physicians’ Education Resource (PER).