Evaluation of ion chamber response for applications in electron FLASH radiotherapy.
FLASH
dosimetry
ion chambers
Journal
Medical physics
ISSN: 2473-4209
Titre abrégé: Med Phys
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0425746
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
11 Sep 2023
11 Sep 2023
Historique:
revised:
08
08
2023
received:
20
02
2023
accepted:
23
08
2023
medline:
12
9
2023
pubmed:
12
9
2023
entrez:
11
9
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Ion chambers are required for calibration and reference dosimetry applications in radiation therapy (RT). However, exposure of ion chambers in ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) conditions pertinent to FLASH-RT leads to severe saturation and ion recombination, which limits their performance and usability. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate a set of commonly used commercially available ion chambers in RT, all with different design characteristics, and use this information to produce a prototype ion chamber with improved performance in UHDR conditions as a first step toward ion chambers specific for FLASH-RT. The Advanced Markus and Exradin A10, A26, and A20 ion chambers were evaluated. The chambers were placed in a water tank, at a depth of 2 cm, and exposed to an UHDR electron beam at different pulse repetition frequency (PRF), pulse width (PW), and pulse amplitude settings on an IntraOp Mobetron. Ion chamber responses were investigated for the various beam parameter settings to isolate their dependence on integrated dose, mean dose rate and instantaneous dose rate, dose-per-pulse (DPP), and their design features such as chamber type, bias voltage, and collection volume. Furthermore, a thin parallel-plate (TPP) prototype ion chamber with reduced collector plate separation and volume was constructed and equally evaluated as the other chambers. The charge collection efficiency of the investigated ion chambers decreased with increasing DPP, whereas the mean dose rate did not affect the response of the chambers (± 1%). The dependence of the chamber response on DPP was found to be solely related to the total dose within the pulse, and not on mean dose rate, PW, or instantaneous dose rate within the ranges investigated. The polarity correction factor (P
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : P30 CA016672
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2023 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.
Références
Okoro CM, Schüler E, Taniguchi CM. The therapeutic potential of FLASH-RT for pancreatic cancer. Cancers. 2022;14(5):1167.
Schuler E, Acharya M, Montay-Gruel P, Loo BW Jr, Vozenin MC, Maxim PG. Ultra-high dose rate electron beams and the FLASH effect: from preclinical evidence to a new radiotherapy paradigm. Med Phys. 2022;49(3):2082-2095.
Wilson JD, Hammond EM, Higgins GS, Petersson K. Ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) radiotherapy: silver bullet or fool's gold? Front Oncol. 2019;9:1563.
Friedl AA, Prise KM, Butterworth KT, Montay-Gruel P, Favaudon V. Radiobiology of the FLASH effect. Med Phys. 2022;49(3):1993-2013.
Favaudon V, Caplier L, Monceau V, et al. Ultrahigh dose-rate FLASH irradiation increases the differential response between normal and tumor tissue in mice. Sci Transl Med. 2014;6(245).
Bourhis J, Montay-Gruel P, Gonçalves Jorge P, et al. Clinical translation of FLASH radiotherapy: why and how? Radiother Oncol. 2019;139:11-17.
Valdes Zayas A, Kumari N, Liu K, et al. Independent reproduction of the FLASH effect on the gastrointestinal tract: a multi-institutional comparative study. Cancers. 2023;15(7).
Petersson K, Jaccard M, Germond JF, et al. High dose-per-pulse electron beam dosimetry-A model to correct for the ion recombination in the Advanced Markus ionization chamber. Med Phys. 2017;44(3):1157-1167.
Romano F, Bailat C, Jorge PG, Lerch MLF, Darafsheh A. Ultra-high dose rate dosimetry: challenges and opportunities for FLASH radiation therapy. Med Phys. 2022;49(7):4912-4932.
Wu Y, No HJ, Breitkreutz DY, et al. Technological basis for clinical trials in FLASH radiation therapy: a review. Appl Rad Oncol. 2021;10(2):6-14.
Mascia AE, Daugherty EC, Zhang Y, et al. Proton FLASH radiotherapy for the treatment of symptomatic bone metastases: the FAST-01 nonrandomized trial. JAMA Oncol. 2023;9(1):62-69.
Zou W, Zhang R, Schueler E, et al. Framework for quality assurance of ultra-high dose rate clinical trials investigating FLASH effects and current technology gaps. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2023;116(5):1202-1217. doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.04.018
Ashraf MR, Rahman M, Zhang RX, et al. Dosimetry for FLASH radiotherapy: a review of tools and the role of radioluminescence and Cherenkov emission. Front Phys. 2020;8:328.
Karsch L, Beyreuther E, Burris-Mog T, et al. Dose rate dependence for different dosimeters and detectors: tLD, OSL, EBT films, and diamond detectors. Med Phys. 2012;39(5):2447-2455.
Poirier Y, Xu J, Mossahebi S, Therriault-Proulx F, Sawant A. Technical note: characterization and practical applications of a novel plastic scintillator for online dosimetry for an ultrahigh dose rate (FLASH). Med Phys. 2022;49(7):4682-4692.
Liu K, Palmiero A, Chopra N, et al. Dual beam-current transformer design for monitoring and reporting of electron ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) beam parameters. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2023;24(2):e13891.
Darafsheh A, Hao Y, Zhao X, et al. Spread-out Bragg peak proton FLASH irradiation using a clinical synchrocyclotron: proof of concept and ion chamber characterization. Med Phys. 2021;48(8):4472-4484.
Almond PR, Biggs PJ, Coursey BM, et al. AAPM's TG-51 protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high-energy photon and electron beams. Med Phys. 1999;26(9):1847-1870.
Das IJ, Cheng CW, Watts RJ, et al. Accelerator beam data commissioning equipment and procedures: report of the TG-106 of the Therapy Physics Committee of the AAPM. Med Phys. 2008;35(9):4186-4215.
McEwen M, DeWerd L, Ibbott G, et al. Addendum to the AAPM's TG-51 protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high-energy photon beams. Med Phys. 2014;41(4):041501.
Andreo PBD, Hohlfeld K, Huq MS, et al. IAEA TRS-398-Absorbed dose determination in external beam radiotherapy: an international code of practice for dosimetry based on standards of absorbed dose to water. International Atomic Energy Agency. 2000;18:35-36.
Muir BR. Ion chamber absorbed dose calibration coefficients, N(D,w), measured at ADCLs: distribution analysis and stability. Med Phys. 2015;42(4):1546-1554.
Boag JW, Hochhauser E, Balk OA. The effect of free-electron collection on the recombination correction to ionization measurements of pulsed radiation. Phys Med Biol. 1996;41(5):885-897.
Esplen N, Mendonca MS, Bazalova-Carter M. Physics and biology of ultrahigh dose-rate (FLASH) radiotherapy: a topical review. Phys Med Biol. 2020;65(23):23TR03.
Di Martino F, Giannelli M, Traino AC, Lazzeri M. Ion recombination correction for very high dose-per-pulse high-energy electron beams. Med Phys. 2005;32(7):2204-2210.
McManus M, Romano F, Lee ND, et al. The challenge of ionisation chamber dosimetry in ultra-short pulsed high dose-rate very high energy electron beams. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):9089.
Kranzer R, Poppinga D, Weidner J, et al. Ion collection efficiency of ionization chambers in ultra-high dose-per-pulse electron beams. Med Phys. 2021;48(2):819-830.
Gomez F, Gonzalez-Castano DM, Fernandez NG, et al. Development of an ultra-thin parallel plate ionization chamber for dosimetry in FLASH radiotherapy. Med Phys. 2022;49(7):4705-4714.
Kranzer RSA, Rodríguez FG, Weidner J, Paz-Martín J, Looe HK, Poppe B. Charge collection efficiency, underlying recombination mechanisms, and the role of electrode distance of vented ionization chambers under ultra-high dose-per-pulse conditions. Phys Med. 2022;104:10-17.
Oesterle R, Gonçalves Jorge P, Grilj V, et al. Implementation and validation of a beam-current transformer on a medical pulsed electron beam LINAC for FLASH-RT beam monitoring. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2021;22(11):165-171.
PTW-Freiburg. Detectors for ionizing radiation. 2022. p. 35. https://www.ptwdosimetry.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Online_Catalog/DETECTORS_Cat_en_16522900_13/blaetterkatalog/blaetterkatalog/blaetterkatalog/pdf/complete.pdf
Standard Imaging. Exradin Detectors. 2018. p. 14-15. https://static.standardimaging.com/literature/Exradin_BR_1180-29_v2.pdf
Geleijns J, Broerse JJ, Zweers D. General ion recombination for ionization chambers used under irradiation conditions relevant for diagnostic radiology. Med Phys. 1995;22(1):17-22.
Moeckli R, Goncalves Jorge P, Grilj V, et al. Commissioning of an ultra-high dose rate pulsed electron beam medical LINAC for FLASH RT preclinical animal experiments and future clinical human protocols. Med Phys. 2021;48(6):3134-3142.
Schuler E, Trovati S, King G, et al. Experimental platform for ultra-high dose rate FLASH irradiation of small animals using a clinical linear accelerator. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2017;97(1):195-203.
Radatz J. The IEEE standard dictionary of electrical and electronics terms. 6th ed. IEEE Standards Office; 1997.
Compatibility E. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)-Part 4-4: testing and measurement techniques-electrical fast transient/burst immunity test. Burst Immunity Test; 2012.
Biggs PJ, Nogueira IP. Measurement of the collection efficiency of a large volume spherical ionization chamber in megavoltage therapy beams. Med Phys. 1999;26(10):2107-2112.
Erikson HA. On the nature of the negative and positive ions in air, oxygen and nitrogen. Phys Rev. 1922;20:117.
Greening JR. Saturation characteristics of parallel-plate ionization chambers. Phys Med Biol. 1964;9:143.
Ritz VH, Attix FH. An ionization chamber for kilocurie source calibrations. Radiat Res. 1962;16:401-415.
Boag JW, Wilson T. The saturation curve at high ionization intensity. Br J Appl Phys. 1952;3:222.
Bazalova-Carter M, Liu M, Palma B, et al. Comparison of film measurements and Monte Carlo simulations of dose delivered with very high-energy electron beams in a polystyrene phantom. Med Phys. 2015;42(4):1606-1613.
Jaccard M, Petersson K, Buchillier T, et al. High dose-per-pulse electron beam dosimetry: usability and dose-rate independence of EBT3 Gafchromic films. Med Phys. 2017;44(2):725-735.
Jaccard M, Durán MT, Petersson K, et al. High dose-per-pulse electron beam dosimetry: commissioning of the Oriatron eRT6 prototype linear accelerator for preclinical use. Med Phys. 2018;45(2):863-874.
Aget H, Rosenwald JC. Polarity effect for various ionization chambers with multiple irradiation conditions in electron beams. Med Phys. 1991;18:67-72.
Miller JR, Hooten BD, Micka JA, DeWerd LA. Polarity effects and apparent ion recombination in microionization chambers. Med Phys. 2016;43(5):2141.
Le Roy M, de Carlan L, Delaunay F, et al. Assessment of small volume ionization chambers as reference dosimeters in high-energy photon beams. Phys Med Biol. 2011;56(17):5637-5650.
McEwen MR. Measurement of ionization chamber absorbed dose k(Q) factors in megavoltage photon beams. Med Phys. 2010;37(5):2179-2193.
Looe HK, Busing I, Tekin T, et al. The polarity effect of compact ionization chambers used for small field dosimetry. Med Phys. 2018;45(12):5608-5621.