Detection of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in urine samples during outbreaks of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy.
EHV-1
PCR
diagnosis
horse
outbreak
urine
Journal
Equine veterinary journal
ISSN: 2042-3306
Titre abrégé: Equine Vet J
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0173320
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 Sep 2023
12 Sep 2023
Historique:
received:
17
05
2023
accepted:
17
08
2023
medline:
13
9
2023
pubmed:
13
9
2023
entrez:
12
9
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Real-time PCR is the diagnostic technique of choice for the diagnosis and control of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in an outbreak setting. The presence of EHV-1 in nasal swabs (NS), whole blood, brain and spinal cord samples has been extensively described; however, there are no reports on the excretion of EHV-1 in urine, its DNA detection patterns, and the role of urine in viral spread during an outbreak. To determine the presence of EHV-1 DNA in urine during natural infection and to compare the DNA detection patterns of EHV-1 in urine, buffy coat (BC) and NS. Descriptive study of natural infection. Urine and whole blood/NS samples were collected at different time points during the hospitalisation of 21 horses involved in two EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy outbreaks in 2021 and 2023 in Spain. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to compare the viral DNA load between BC-urine samples in 2021 and NS-urine samples in 2023. Sex, age, breed, presence of neurological signs, EHV-1 vaccination status and treatment data were recorded for all horses. A total of 18 hospitalised horses during the 2021 and 2023 outbreaks were positive for EHV-1, and viral DNA was detected in urine samples from a total of 11 horses in both outbreaks. Compared with BC samples, DNA presence was detected in urine samples for longer duration and with slightly higher concentration; however, compared with NS, detection of EHV-1 in urine was similar in duration with lower DNA concentrations. Limited sample size, different sampling times and protocols (BC vs. NS) in two natural infection outbreak settings. EHV-1 was detected in the urine from naturally infected horses. Urine should be considered as complimentary to blood and NS in diagnosis of EHV-1 infection. PCR en tiempo real es la técnica diagnostica de preferencia para el diagnóstico y control del herpes virus equino-1 (EHV-1) en una situación de brote. La presencia de EHV-1 en torulas nasales (TN), muestras de sangre entera, cerebro, y medula espinal ha sido descrita en forma extensa; sin embargo, no hay informes de excreción de EHV-1 en orina, la detección del patrón de ADN, y el rol de la orina en la propagación vírica durante un brote. Determinar la presencia de ADN de EHV-1 en muestras de orina durante un brote infeccioso natural y comparar los patrones de detección de ADN de EHV-1 en orina, capa leucocitaria (CL) y TN. DISEÑO DEL ESTUDIO: Estudio prospectivo en una infección natural en caballos hospitalizados. MÉTODOS: Muestras de orina y sangre entera/TN fueron recolectadas a distintos tiempos durante la hospitalización de veintiún caballos involucrados en dos brotes de mielo encefalopatía por EHV-1 en 2021 y 2023 en España. PCR a tiempo real cuantitativo fue llevado a cabo para comparar la carga de ADN viral entre muestras de CL-orina en 2021 y muestras TN-orina en 2023. Sexo, edad, raza, presencia de síntomas neurológicos, estatus de vacunación y datos de tratamiento fueron anotados para todos los caballos. Un total de diez y ocho caballos hospitalizados durante los brotes de 2021 y 2023 resultaron positivos a EHV-1, y ADN viral fue detectado en muestras de orina en un total de 11 caballos de ambos brotes. En comparación a muestras de CL, la presencia de AND fue detectado por mas largo tiempo y con una concentración ligeramente mas alta; sin embargo, en comparación a TN, la detección de EHV-1 en orina fue similar en tiempo pero demostró menor concentración de ADN. Tamaño de muestra limitado, tiempos de muestreo diferentes, y de protocolos (CL vs. TN) en dos situaciones de brotes naturales. Se detecto EHV-1 en orina de caballos infectados naturalmente. La recolección, no invasive, de orina debería considerarse como un complemento a las muestras de sangre y TN en el control de caballos infectados en situaciones de brote.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Real-time PCR is the diagnostic technique of choice for the diagnosis and control of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in an outbreak setting. The presence of EHV-1 in nasal swabs (NS), whole blood, brain and spinal cord samples has been extensively described; however, there are no reports on the excretion of EHV-1 in urine, its DNA detection patterns, and the role of urine in viral spread during an outbreak.
OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVE
To determine the presence of EHV-1 DNA in urine during natural infection and to compare the DNA detection patterns of EHV-1 in urine, buffy coat (BC) and NS.
STUDY DESIGN
METHODS
Descriptive study of natural infection.
METHODS
METHODS
Urine and whole blood/NS samples were collected at different time points during the hospitalisation of 21 horses involved in two EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy outbreaks in 2021 and 2023 in Spain. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to compare the viral DNA load between BC-urine samples in 2021 and NS-urine samples in 2023. Sex, age, breed, presence of neurological signs, EHV-1 vaccination status and treatment data were recorded for all horses.
RESULTS
RESULTS
A total of 18 hospitalised horses during the 2021 and 2023 outbreaks were positive for EHV-1, and viral DNA was detected in urine samples from a total of 11 horses in both outbreaks. Compared with BC samples, DNA presence was detected in urine samples for longer duration and with slightly higher concentration; however, compared with NS, detection of EHV-1 in urine was similar in duration with lower DNA concentrations.
MAIN LIMITATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Limited sample size, different sampling times and protocols (BC vs. NS) in two natural infection outbreak settings.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
EHV-1 was detected in the urine from naturally infected horses. Urine should be considered as complimentary to blood and NS in diagnosis of EHV-1 infection.
HISTORIAL
UNASSIGNED
PCR en tiempo real es la técnica diagnostica de preferencia para el diagnóstico y control del herpes virus equino-1 (EHV-1) en una situación de brote. La presencia de EHV-1 en torulas nasales (TN), muestras de sangre entera, cerebro, y medula espinal ha sido descrita en forma extensa; sin embargo, no hay informes de excreción de EHV-1 en orina, la detección del patrón de ADN, y el rol de la orina en la propagación vírica durante un brote.
OBJETIVOS
OBJECTIVE
Determinar la presencia de ADN de EHV-1 en muestras de orina durante un brote infeccioso natural y comparar los patrones de detección de ADN de EHV-1 en orina, capa leucocitaria (CL) y TN. DISEÑO DEL ESTUDIO: Estudio prospectivo en una infección natural en caballos hospitalizados. MÉTODOS: Muestras de orina y sangre entera/TN fueron recolectadas a distintos tiempos durante la hospitalización de veintiún caballos involucrados en dos brotes de mielo encefalopatía por EHV-1 en 2021 y 2023 en España. PCR a tiempo real cuantitativo fue llevado a cabo para comparar la carga de ADN viral entre muestras de CL-orina en 2021 y muestras TN-orina en 2023. Sexo, edad, raza, presencia de síntomas neurológicos, estatus de vacunación y datos de tratamiento fueron anotados para todos los caballos.
RESULTADOS
RESULTS
Un total de diez y ocho caballos hospitalizados durante los brotes de 2021 y 2023 resultaron positivos a EHV-1, y ADN viral fue detectado en muestras de orina en un total de 11 caballos de ambos brotes. En comparación a muestras de CL, la presencia de AND fue detectado por mas largo tiempo y con una concentración ligeramente mas alta; sin embargo, en comparación a TN, la detección de EHV-1 en orina fue similar en tiempo pero demostró menor concentración de ADN.
LIMITACIONES PRINCIPALES
UNASSIGNED
Tamaño de muestra limitado, tiempos de muestreo diferentes, y de protocolos (CL vs. TN) en dos situaciones de brotes naturales.
CONCLUSIONES
CONCLUSIONS
Se detecto EHV-1 en orina de caballos infectados naturalmente. La recolección, no invasive, de orina debería considerarse como un complemento a las muestras de sangre y TN en el control de caballos infectados en situaciones de brote.
Autres résumés
Type: Publisher
(spa)
PCR en tiempo real es la técnica diagnostica de preferencia para el diagnóstico y control del herpes virus equino-1 (EHV-1) en una situación de brote. La presencia de EHV-1 en torulas nasales (TN), muestras de sangre entera, cerebro, y medula espinal ha sido descrita en forma extensa; sin embargo, no hay informes de excreción de EHV-1 en orina, la detección del patrón de ADN, y el rol de la orina en la propagación vírica durante un brote.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2023 The Authors. Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.
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