Emergence of a three-sample conditional discrimination as foundation for reasoning capabilities.
analogical reasoning
discriminations
emergence
human learning
reasoning
stimulus relations
verbal behavior
Journal
Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
ISSN: 1938-3711
Titre abrégé: J Exp Anal Behav
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0203727
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2023
Nov 2023
Historique:
received:
02
06
2021
accepted:
02
08
2023
medline:
6
11
2023
pubmed:
20
9
2023
entrez:
20
9
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
We hypothesized that a three-sample conditional discrimination can emerge as a result of learning conditional discriminations with relational stimuli. After learning three first-order conditional discriminations AB, PQ, and CD, we taught a second-order conditional discrimination XAB in which X1 indicated selection of related stimuli (e.g., A1 and B1) and X2 of unrelated stimuli (e.g., A1 and B2). Then, we probed the emergence of conditional discriminations PQX and XCD in which the X stimuli were comparisons and contextual stimuli, respectively. Finally, a conditional discrimination was probed with stimuli P, Q, and C as samples and D1 and D2 as comparisons. When the P and Q stimuli were related (and related to X1 in PQX), all participants selected the D stimulus that was related to the C stimulus (D1 when C1 was present and D2 when C2 was present); when the P and Q stimuli were unrelated (and related to X2 in PQX), they selected the D stimulus unrelated to the C stimulus (D2 when C1 and D1 when C2), which demonstrated emergence based on the relations established among all stimuli. In Experiment 2, the teaching of XAB was omitted and only one in six participants demonstrated emergence, which indicated that relational stimuli X1 and X2 played an important role in emergence. Thus, a new type of emergence that mimics analogical reasoning was demonstrated. The obtained outcome suggests that this procedure provides a learning foundation for acquiring reasoning capabilities.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
376-393Subventions
Organisme : Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología
ID : 1044308
Informations de copyright
© 2023 The Authors. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.
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