Current Neurostimulation Therapies for Chronic Pain Conditions.

Deep brain stimulation Dorsal root ganglion stimulation Neuromodulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Spinal cord stimulation

Journal

Current pain and headache reports
ISSN: 1534-3081
Titre abrégé: Curr Pain Headache Rep
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 100970666

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Nov 2023
Historique:
accepted: 09 08 2023
pubmed: 20 9 2023
medline: 20 9 2023
entrez: 20 9 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Neurostimulation treatment options have become more commonly used for chronic pain conditions refractory to these options. In this review, we characterize current neurostimulation therapies for chronic pain conditions and provide an analysis of their effectiveness and clinical adoption. This manuscript will inform clinicians of treatment options for chronic pain. Non-invasive neurostimulation includes transcranial direct current stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, while more invasive options include spinal cord stimulation (SCS), peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), dorsal root ganglion stimulation, motor cortex stimulation, and deep brain stimulation. Developments in transcranial direct current stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, spinal cord stimulation, and peripheral nerve stimulation render these modalities most promising for the alleviating chronic pain. Neurostimulation for chronic pain involves non-invasive and invasive modalities with varying efficacy. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are required to delineate the outcomes of neurostimulatory modalities more precisely.

Identifiants

pubmed: 37728863
doi: 10.1007/s11916-023-01168-5
pii: 10.1007/s11916-023-01168-5
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

719-728

Informations de copyright

© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Références

Chronic pain: what you need to know. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chronic-pain-what-you-need-to-know . Accessed 2023.
Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain. 2006;10(4):287–333.
pubmed: 16095934 doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.009
Dahlhamer J, Lucas J, Zelaya C, Nahin R, Mackey S, DeBar L, et al. Prevalence of chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain among adults—United States, 2016. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(36):1001.
doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6736a2
Sauver JLS, Warner DO, Yawn BP, Jacobson DJ, McGree ME, Pankratz JJ, et al. Why patients visit their doctors: assessing the most prevalent conditions in a defined American population. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Elsevier; 2013. p. 56–67.
Murray CJ, Abraham J, Ali MK, Alvarado M, Atkinson C, Baddour LM, et al. The state of US health, 1990–2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. JAMA. 2013;310(6):591–606.
pubmed: 23842577 doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.13805
Gureje O, Von Korff M, Simon GE, Gater R. Persistent pain and well-being: a World Health Organization study in primary care. JAMA. 1998;280(2):147–51.
pubmed: 9669787 doi: 10.1001/jama.280.2.147
Smith BH, Elliott AM, Chambers WA, Smith WC, Hannaford PC, Penny K. The impact of chronic pain in the community. Fam Pract. 2001;18(3):292–9.
pubmed: 11356737 doi: 10.1093/fampra/18.3.292
Simon LS. Relieving pain in America: a blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2012;26(2):197–8.
doi: 10.3109/15360288.2012.678473
Tracey I, Bushnell MC. How neuroimaging studies have challenged us to rethink: is chronic pain a disease? J Pain. 2009;10(11):1113–20.
pubmed: 19878862 doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.09.001
Cohen SP, Vase L, Hooten WM. Chronic pain: an update on burden, best practices, and new advances. Lancet. 2021;397(10289):2082–97.
pubmed: 34062143 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00393-7
Thair H, Holloway AL, Newport R, Smith AD. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): a beginner’s guide for design and implementation. Front Neurosci. 2017;11:641.
pubmed: 29213226 pmcid: 5702643 doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00641
Wan R, Wang Y, Feng B, Jiang X, Xu Y, Zhang Z, et al. Effect of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation on conditioned pain modulation in healthy adults: a crossover randomized controlled trial. Neuroscience. 2021;479:60–9.
pubmed: 34710538 doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.10.019
Jiang X, Wang Y, Wan R, Feng B, Zhang Z, Lin Y, et al. The effect of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation on pain processing in a healthy population: a single-blinded crossover controlled study. Neurosci Lett. 2022;767:136304.
pubmed: 34695451 doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136304
Young J, Zoghi M, Khan F, Galea MP. The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on chronic neuropathic pain in patients with multiple sclerosis: randomized controlled trial. Pain Med. 2020;21(12):3451–7.
pubmed: 32594139 doi: 10.1093/pm/pnaa128
Harvey M-P, Martel M, Houde F, Daguet I, Riesco E, Léonard G. Relieving chronic musculoskeletal pain in older adults using transcranial direct current stimulation: effects on pain intensity, quality, and pain-related outcomes. Front Pain Res. 2022;3:817984.
doi: 10.3389/fpain.2022.817984
Mechsner S, Grünert J, Wiese JJ, Vormbäumen J, Sehouli J, Siegmund B, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation to reduce chronic pelvic pain in endometriosis: phase II randomized controlled clinical trial. Pain Med. 2023:pnad031.
Dalla Volta G, Marceglia S, Zavarise P, Antonaci F. Cathodal tDCS guided by thermography as adjunctive therapy in chronic migraine patients: a sham-controlled pilot study. Front Neurol. 2020;11:121.
pubmed: 32153497 pmcid: 7047836 doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00121
McPhee ME, Graven-Nielsen T. Medial prefrontal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation to improve pain modulation in chronic low back pain: a pilot randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled crossover trial. J Pain. 2021;22(8):952–67.
pubmed: 33676009 doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.02.012
Wen Y-R, Shi J, Hu Z-Y, Lin Y-Y, Lin Y-T, Jiang X, et al. Is transcranial direct current stimulation beneficial for treating pain, depression, and anxiety symptoms in patients with chronic pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Mol Neurosci. 2022;15:1056966.
pubmed: 36533133 pmcid: 9752114 doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1056966
Alwardat M, Pisani A, Etoom M, Carpenedo R, Chine E, Dauri M, et al. Is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effective for chronic low back pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neural Transm. 2020;127:1257–70.
pubmed: 32647923 doi: 10.1007/s00702-020-02223-w
Lloyd DM, Wittkopf PG, Arendsen LJ, Jones AK. Is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effective for the treatment of pain in fibromyalgia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain. 2020;21(11–12):1085–100.
pubmed: 31982685 doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2020.01.003
Teixeira PE, Pacheco-Barrios K, Branco LC, de Melo PS, Marduy A, Caumo W, et al. The analgesic effect of transcranial direct current stimulation in fibromyalgia: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of potential influencers of clinical effect. Neuromodulation. 2022.
McCallion E, Robinson CS, Clark VP, Witkiewitz K. Efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation-enhanced mindfulness-based program for chronic pain: a single-blind randomized sham controlled pilot study. Mindfulness. 2020;11:895–904.
doi: 10.1007/s12671-020-01323-8
Gupta S, Goel D, Garg S, Tikka SK, Mishra P, Tyagi P. Effect of adjunctive transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive behavior therapy on headache disability in episodic frequent or chronic tension-type headache: a pilot, exploratory study. Indian J Pain. 2022;36(3):140–6.
doi: 10.4103/ijpn.ijpn_52_22
Young NA, Sharma M, Deogaonkar M. Transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic pain. Neurosurg Clin. 2014;25(4):819–32.
doi: 10.1016/j.nec.2014.07.007
Ziemann U. TMS induced plasticity in human cortex. Rev Neurosci. 2004;15(4):253–66.
pubmed: 15526550 doi: 10.1515/REVNEURO.2004.15.4.253
Xiong H-Y, Zheng J-J, Wang X-Q. Non-invasive brain stimulation for chronic pain: state of the art and future directions. Front Mol Neurosci. 2022;15:888716.
pubmed: 35694444 pmcid: 9179147 doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.888716
Attal N, Poindessous-Jazat F, De Chauvigny E, Quesada C, Mhalla A, Ayache SS, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for neuropathic pain: a randomized multicentre sham-controlled trial. Brain. 2021;144(11):3328–39.
pubmed: 34196698 doi: 10.1093/brain/awab208
Wang H, Hu Y, Deng J, Ye Y, Huang M, Che X, et al. A randomised sham-controlled study evaluating rTMS analgesic efficacy for postherpetic neuralgia. Front Neurosci. 2023;17:1158737.
pubmed: 37250417 pmcid: 10213647 doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1158737
Pinot-Monange A, Moisset X, Chauvet P, Gremeau A-S, Comptour A, Canis M, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy (rTMS) for endometriosis patients with refractory pelvic chronic pain: a pilot study. J Clin Med. 2019;8(4):508.
pubmed: 31013910 pmcid: 6518231 doi: 10.3390/jcm8040508
Tanwar S, Mattoo B, Kumar U, Bhatia R. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the prefrontal cortex for fibromyalgia syndrome: a randomised controlled trial with 6-months follow up. Adv Rheumatol. 2020;60.
Forogh B, Haqiqatshenas H, Ahadi T, Ebadi S, Alishahi V, Sajadi S. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) versus transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the management of patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Neurophysiol Clin. 2021;51(4):339–47.
pubmed: 33814258 doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2021.03.002
De Martino E, Fernandes AM, Galhardoni R, Souza CDO, De Andrade DC, Graven-Nielsen T. Sessions of prolonged continuous theta burst stimulation or high-frequency 10 Hz stimulation to left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 3 days decreased pain sensitivity by modulation of the efficacy of conditioned pain modulation. J Pain. 2019;20(12):1459–69.
pubmed: 31132509 doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.05.010
Lefaucheur J-P, Nguyen J-P. A practical algorithm for using rTMS to treat patients with chronic pain. Neurophysiol Clin. 2019;49(4):301–7.
pubmed: 31375381 doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2019.07.014
Ahdab R, Ayache S, Brugières P, Goujon C, Lefaucheur J-P. Comparison of “standard” and “navigated” procedures of TMS coil positioning over motor, premotor and prefrontal targets in patients with chronic pain and depression. Neurophysiol Clin/Clin Neurophysiol. 2010;40(1):27–36.
doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2010.01.001
Lefaucheur J-P, Aleman A, Baeken C, Benninger DH, Brunelin J, Di Lazzaro V, et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): An update (2014–2018). Clin Neurophysiol. 2020;131(2):474–528.
pubmed: 31901449 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.002
Zhu Y, Li D, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Xu Z, Lei L, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of high-frequency rTMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. on chronic pain and chronic-pain-accompanied depression. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2022;13(17):2547–56.
pubmed: 35969469 doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00395
Che X, Cash RF, Luo X, Luo H, Lu X, Xu F, et al. High-frequency rTMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on chronic and provoked pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Stimul. 2021;14(5):1135–46.
pubmed: 34280583 doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.07.004
Kalita J, Kumar S, Singh VK, Misra UK. A randomized controlled trial of high rate rTMS Versus rTMS and amitriptyline in chronic migraine. Pain Physician. 2021;24(6):E733.
pubmed: 34554691 doi: 10.36076/ppj.2021.24.E733
Melzack R, Wall PD. Pain mechanisms: a new theory: a gate control system modulates sensory input from the skin before it evokes pain perception and response. Science. 1965;150(3699):971–9.
pubmed: 5320816 doi: 10.1126/science.150.3699.971
Guan Y. Spinal cord stimulation: neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms of action. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2012;16:217–25.
pubmed: 22399391 doi: 10.1007/s11916-012-0260-4
Isagulyan E, Slavin K, Konovalov N, Dorochov E, Tomsky A, Dekopov A, et al. Spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain: technical advances. Korean J Pain. 2020;33(2):99–107.
pubmed: 32235010 pmcid: 7136296 doi: 10.3344/kjp.2020.33.2.99
Rigoard P, Billot M, Ingrand P, Durand-Zaleski I, Roulaud M, Peruzzi P, et al. How should we use multicolumn spinal cord stimulation to optimize back pain spatial neural targeting? A prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial (ESTIMET study). Neuromodulation. 2021;24(1):86–101.
pubmed: 32865344 doi: 10.1111/ner.13251
Rigoard P, Basu S, Desai M, Taylor R, Annemans L, Tan Y, et al. Multicolumn spinal cord stimulation for predominant back pain in failed back surgery syndrome patients: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2019;160(6):1410.
pubmed: 30720582 pmcid: 6553955 doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001510
Lam CM, Latif U, Sack A, Govindan S, Sanderson M, Vu DT, et al. Advances in spinal cord stimulation. Bioengineering. 2023;10(2):185.
pubmed: 36829678 pmcid: 9951889 doi: 10.3390/bioengineering10020185
Lee KY, Bae C, Lee D, Kagan Z, Bradley K, Chung JM, et al. Low-intensity, kilohertz frequency spinal cord stimulation differently affects excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the rodent superficial dorsal horn. Neuroscience. 2020;428:132–9.
pubmed: 31917342 doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.031
Amirdelfan K, Vallejo R, Benyamin R, Yu C, Yang T, Bundschu R, et al. High-frequency spinal cord stimulation at 10 kHz for the treatment of combined neck and arm pain: results from a prospective multicenter study. Neurosurgery. 2020;87(2):176.
pubmed: 31792530 doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyz495
Kapural L, Jameson J, Johnson C, Kloster D, Calodney A, Kosek P, et al. Treatment of nonsurgical refractory back pain with high-frequency spinal cord stimulation at 10 kHz: 12-month results of a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. J Neurosurg Spine. 2022;1(aop):1–12.
Petersen EA, Stauss TG, Scowcroft JA, Brooks ES, White JL, Sills SM, et al. Effect of high-frequency (10-kHz) spinal cord stimulation in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2021;78(6):687–98.
pubmed: 33818600 pmcid: 8022268 doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0538
Petersen EA, Stauss TG, Scowcroft JA, Brooks ES, White JL, Sills SM, et al. High-frequency 10-kHz spinal cord stimulation improves health-related quality of life in patients with refractory painful diabetic neuropathy: 12-month results from a randomized controlled trial. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2022;6(4):347–60.
pubmed: 35814185 pmcid: 9256824 doi: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2022.05.003
Conic RR, Caylor J, Cui CL, Reyes Z, Nelson E, Yin S, et al. Sex-specific differences in the efficacy of traditional low frequency versus high frequency spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain. Bioelectron Med. 2022;8(1):1–14.
doi: 10.1186/s42234-022-00090-2
Kilchukov M, Kiselev R, Gorbatykh A, Klinkova A, Murtazin V, Kamenskaya O, et al. High-frequency versus low-frequency spinal cord stimulation in treatment of chronic limb-threatening ischemia: short-term results of a randomized trial. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2023;101(1):1–11.
pubmed: 36617410 doi: 10.1159/000527309
Chakravarthy K, Fishman MA, Zuidema X, Hunter CW, Levy R. Mechanism of action in burst spinal cord stimulation: review and recent advances. Pain Med. 2019;20(Supplement_1):S13–22.
pubmed: 31152180 pmcid: 6544550 doi: 10.1093/pm/pnz073
Demartini L, Terranova G, Innamorato MA, Dario A, Sofia M, Angelini C, et al. Comparison of tonic vs. burst spinal cord stimulation during trial period. Neuromodulation. 2019;22(3):327–32.
pubmed: 30328646 doi: 10.1111/ner.12867
D’Souza RS, Strand N. Neuromodulation with burst and tonic stimulation decreases opioid consumption: a post hoc analysis of the success using neuromodulation with BURST (SUNBURST) randomized controlled trial. Neuromodulation. 2021;24(1):135–41.
pubmed: 32929783 doi: 10.1111/ner.13273
Braun E, Khatri N, Kim B, Nazir N, Orr WN, Ballew A, et al. A prospective, randomized single-blind crossover study comparing high-frequency 10,000 Hz and burst spinal cord stimulation. Neuromodulation. 2022.
Vesper J, Slotty P, Schu S, Poeggel-Kraemer K, Littges H, Van Looy P, et al. Burst SCS microdosing is as efficacious as standard burst SCS in treating chronic back and leg pain: results from a randomized controlled trial. Neuromodulation. 2019;22(2):190–3.
pubmed: 30456795 doi: 10.1111/ner.12883
Vallejo R, Kelley CA, Gupta A, Smith WJ, Vallejo A, Cedeño DL. Modulation of neuroglial interactions using differential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulation in an animal model of neuropathic pain. Mol Pain. 2020;16:1744806920918057.
pubmed: 32290778 pmcid: 7160773 doi: 10.1177/1744806920918057
Smith WJ, Cedeño DL, Thomas SM, Kelley CA, Vetri F, Vallejo R. Modulation of microglial activation states by spinal cord stimulation in an animal model of neuropathic pain: comparing high rate, low rate, and differential target multiplexed programming. Mol Pain. 2021;17:1744806921999013.
pubmed: 33626981 pmcid: 7925954 doi: 10.1177/1744806921999013
Fishman M, Cordner H, Justiz R, Provenzano D, Merrell C, Shah B, et al. Twelve-month results from multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial comparing differential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulation and traditional spinal cord stimulation in subjects with chronic intractable back pain and leg pain. Pain Pract. 2021;21(8):912–23.
pubmed: 34363307 pmcid: 9290817 doi: 10.1111/papr.13066
Parker JL, Karantonis DM, Single PS, Obradovic M, Cousins MJ. Compound action potentials recorded in the human spinal cord during neurostimulation for pain relief. Pain. 2012;153(3):593–601.
pubmed: 22188868 doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.11.023
Brooker C, Russo M, Cousins MJ, Taylor N, Holford L, Martin R, et al. ECAP-Controlled closed-loop spinal cord stimulation efficacy and opioid reduction over 24-months: final results of the prospective, multicenter, open-label avalon study. Pain Pract. 2021;21(6):680–91.
pubmed: 33768664 pmcid: 8359972 doi: 10.1111/papr.13008
Mekhail N, Levy RM, Deer TR, Kapural L, Li S, Amirdelfan K, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of closed-loop spinal cord stimulation to treat chronic back and leg pain (Evoke): a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(2):123–34.
pubmed: 31870766 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30414-4
Mekhail N, Levy RM, Deer TR, Kapural L, Li S, Amirdelfan K, et al. Durability of clinical and quality-of-life outcomes of closed-loop spinal cord stimulation for chronic back and leg pain: a secondary analysis of the evoke randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(3):251–60.
pubmed: 34998276 pmcid: 8742908 doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.4998
Shanthanna H, Eldabe S, Provenzano DA, Bouche B, Buchser E, Chadwick R, et al. Evidence-based consensus guidelines on patient selection and trial stimulation for spinal cord stimulation therapy for chronic non-cancer pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2023;48(6):273–87.
pubmed: 37001888 doi: 10.1136/rapm-2022-104097
Chao D, Zhang Z, Mecca CM, Hogan QH, Pan B. Analgesic dorsal root ganglionic field stimulation blocks conduction of afferent impulse trains selectively in nociceptive sensory afferents. Pain. 2020;161(12):2872.
pubmed: 32658148 pmcid: 7669706 doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001982
Knotkova H, Hamani C, Sivanesan E, Le Beuffe MFE, Moon JY, Cohen SP, et al. Neuromodulation for chronic pain. Lancet. 2021;397(10289):2111–24.
pubmed: 34062145 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00794-7
Graham RD, Sankarasubramanian V, Lempka SF. Dorsal root ganglion stimulation for chronic pain: hypothesized mechanisms of action. J Pain. 2022;23(2):196–211.
pubmed: 34425252 doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.07.008
Kent AR, Min X, Hogan QH, Kramer JM. Mechanisms of dorsal root ganglion stimulation in pain suppression: a computational modeling analysis. Neuromodulation. 2018;21(3):234–46.
pubmed: 29377442 doi: 10.1111/ner.12754
Huygen FJ, Kallewaard JW, Nijhuis H, Liem L, Vesper J, Fahey ME, et al. Effectiveness and safety of dorsal root ganglion stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain: a pooled analysis. Neuromodulation. 2020;23(2):213–21.
pubmed: 31730273 doi: 10.1111/ner.13074
Stelter B, Karri J, Marathe A, Abd-Elsayed A. Dorsal root ganglion stimulation for the treatment of non-complex regional pain syndrome related chronic pain syndromes: a systematic review. Neuromodulation. 2021;24(4):622–33.
pubmed: 33501749 doi: 10.1111/ner.13361
Kallewaard JW, Nijhuis H, Huygen F, Wille F, Zuidema X, van de Minkelis J, et al. Prospective cohort analysis of DRG stimulation for failed back surgery syndrome pain following lumbar discectomy. Pain Pract. 2019;19(2):204–10.
pubmed: 30269439 doi: 10.1111/papr.12734
Kretzschmar M, Reining M, Schwarz MA. Three-year outcomes after dorsal root ganglion stimulation in the treatment of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury of upper and lower extremities. Neuromodulation. 2021;24(4):700–7.
pubmed: 32573868 doi: 10.1111/ner.13222
Kallewaard JW, Edelbroek C, Terheggen M, Raza A, Geurts JW. A prospective study of dorsal root ganglion stimulation for non-operated discogenic low back pain. Neuromodulation. 2020;23(2):196–202.
pubmed: 30821901 doi: 10.1111/ner.12937
Mons MR, Chapman KB, Terwiel C, Joosten EA, Kallewaard JW. Burst spinal cord stimulation as compared with L2 dorsal root ganglion stimulation in pain relief for nonoperated discogenic low back pain: analysis of two prospective studies. Neuromodulation. 2023.
Parker T, Raghu A, Huang Y, Gillies MJ, FitzGerald JJ, Aziz T, et al. Paired acute invasive/non-invasive stimulation (PAINS) study: a phase I/II randomized, sham-controlled crossover trial in chronic neuropathic pain. Brain Stimul. 2021;14(6):1576–85.
pubmed: 34673258 doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.10.384
Chapman KB, Sayed D, Lamer T, Hunter C, Weisbein J, Patel KV, et al. Best practices for dorsal root ganglion stimulation for chronic pain: guidelines from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience. J Pain Res. 2023:839–79.
Lin T, Gargya A, Singh H, Sivanesan E, Gulati A. Mechanism of peripheral nerve stimulation in chronic pain. Pain Med. 2020;21(Supplement_1):S6–12.
pubmed: 32804230 pmcid: 7828608 doi: 10.1093/pm/pnaa164
Ristić D, Spangenberg P, Ellrich J. Analgesic and antinociceptive effects of peripheral nerve neurostimulation in an advanced human experimental model. Eur J Pain. 2008;12(4):480–90.
pubmed: 17881268 doi: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.07.013
Deer TR, Esposito MF, McRoberts WP, Grider JS, Sayed D, Verrills P, et al. A systematic literature review of peripheral nerve stimulation therapies for the treatment of pain. Pain Med. 2020;21(8):1590–603.
pubmed: 32803220 doi: 10.1093/pm/pnaa030
Helm S, Shirsat N, Calodney A, Abd-Elsayed A, Kloth D, Soin A, et al. Peripheral nerve stimulation for chronic pain: a systematic review of effectiveness and safety. Pain Ther. 2021;10:985–1002.
pubmed: 34478120 pmcid: 8586061 doi: 10.1007/s40122-021-00306-4
Lin C-P, Chang K-V, Wu W-T, Özçakar L. Ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve stimulation for knee pain: a mini-review of the neuroanatomy and the evidence from clinical studies. Pain Med. 2020;21(Supplement_1):S56–63.
pubmed: 32804233 doi: 10.1093/pm/pnz318
Leplus A, Fontaine D, Donnet A, Regis J, Lucas C, Buisset N, et al. Long-term efficacy of occipital nerve stimulation for medically intractable cluster headache. Neurosurgery. 2021;88(2):375–83.
pubmed: 32985662 doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa373
Raoul S, Nguyen JM, Kuhn E, de Chauvigny E, Lejczak S, Nguyen J-P, et al. Efficacy of occipital nerve stimulation to treat refractory occipital headaches: a single-institution study of 60 patients. Neuromodulation. 2020;23(6):789–95.
pubmed: 32725745 doi: 10.1111/ner.13223
Lagrata S, Cheema S, Watkins L, Matharu M. Long-term outcomes of occipital nerve stimulation for new daily persistent headache with migrainous features. Neuromodulation. 2021;24(6):1093–9.
pubmed: 32996695 doi: 10.1111/ner.13282
Wilbrink LA, de Coo IF, Doesborg PG, Mulleners WM, Teernstra OP, Bartels EC, et al. Safety and efficacy of occipital nerve stimulation for attack prevention in medically intractable chronic cluster headache (ICON): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase 3, electrical dose-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20(7):515–25.
pubmed: 34146510 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00101-0
Garcia-Ortega R, Edwards T, Moir L, Aziz TZ, Green AL, FitzGerald JJ. Burst occipital nerve stimulation for chronic migraine and chronic cluster headache. Neuromodulation. 2019;22(5):638–44.
pubmed: 31199547 doi: 10.1111/ner.12977
Ashkan K, Sokratous G, Göbel H, Mehta V, Gendolla A, Dowson A, et al. Peripheral nerve stimulation registry for intractable migraine headache (RELIEF): a real-life perspective on the utility of occipital nerve stimulation for chronic migraine. Acta Neurochir. 2020;162:3201–11.
pubmed: 32377948 doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04372-z
Gilmore CA, Kapural L, McGee MJ, Boggs JW. Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation for chronic low back pain: prospective case series with 1 year of sustained relief following short-term implant. Pain Pract. 2020;20(3):310–20.
pubmed: 31693791 doi: 10.1111/papr.12856
Gilmore CA, Ilfeld BM, Rosenow JM, Li S, Desai MJ, Hunter CW, et al. Percutaneous 60-day peripheral nerve stimulation implant provides sustained relief of chronic pain following amputation: 12-month follow-up of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2020;45(1):44–51.
doi: 10.1136/rapm-2019-100937
Strand N, D’Souza RS, Hagedorn JM, Pritzlaff S, Sayed D, Azeem N, et al. Evidence-based clinical guidelines from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience for the use of implantable peripheral nerve stimulation in the treatment of chronic pain. J Pain Res. 2022:2483–504.
DosSantos MF, Ferreira N, Toback RL, Carvalho AC, DaSilva AF. Potential mechanisms supporting the value of motor cortex stimulation to treat chronic pain syndromes. Front Neurosci. 2016;10:18.
pubmed: 26903788 pmcid: 4749700 doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00018
Galafassi GZ, de Aguiar PHSP, Simm RF, Franceschini PR, Prist Filho M, Pagura JR, et al. Neuromodulation for medically refractory neuropathic pain: spinal cord stimulation, deep brain stimulation, motor cortex stimulation, and posterior insula stimulation. World Neurosurg. 2021;146:246–60.
pubmed: 33217591 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.11.048
Henssen D, Kurt E, van Walsum A-MVC, Kozicz T, van Dongen R, Bartels R. Motor cortex stimulation in chronic neuropathic orofacial pain syndromes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):7195.
pubmed: 32346080 pmcid: 7189245 doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64177-z
Hamani C, Fonoff ET, Parravano DC, Silva VA, Galhardoni R, Monaco BA, et al. Motor cortex stimulation for chronic neuropathic pain: results of a double-blind randomized study. Brain. 2021;144(10):2994–3004.
pubmed: 34373901 doi: 10.1093/brain/awab189
Tan H, Yamamoto EA, Elkholy MA, Raslan AM. Treating chronic pain with deep brain stimulation. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2023;27(1):11–7.
pubmed: 36571698 doi: 10.1007/s11916-022-01099-7
Frizon LA, Yamamoto EA, Nagel SJ, Simonson MT, Hogue O, Machado AG. Deep brain stimulation for pain in the modern era: a systematic review. Neurosurgery. 2020;86(2):191–202.
pubmed: 30799493 doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyy552
Qassim H, Zhao Y, Ströbel A, Regensburger M, Buchfelder M, de Oliveira DS, et al. Deep brain stimulation for chronic facial pain: an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. Brain Sci. 2023;13(3):492.
pubmed: 36979302 pmcid: 10046035 doi: 10.3390/brainsci13030492
Flouty O, Yamamoto K, Germann J, Harmsen IE, Jung HH, Cheyuo C, et al. Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and chronic pain in the era of deep brain stimulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg. 2022;137(6):1821–30.
pubmed: 35535836 doi: 10.3171/2022.2.JNS212561
Aibar-Durán JÁ, Holzapfel MJÁ, Rodríguez RR, Nieto RB, Arnall CR, Teixido JM. Occipital nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation for refractory cluster headache: a prospective analysis of efficacy over time. J Neurosurg. 2020;134(2):393–400.
pubmed: 31952039 doi: 10.3171/2019.11.JNS192042
Polanski WH, Zolal A, Klein J, Kitzler HH, Schackert G, Eisner W, et al. Somatosensory functional MRI tractography for individualized targeting of deep brain stimulation in patients with chronic pain after brachial plexus injury. Acta Neurochir. 2019;161:2485–90.
pubmed: 31591648 doi: 10.1007/s00701-019-04065-2
Bergeron D, Obaid S, Fournier-Gosselin M-P, Bouthillier A, Nguyen DK. Deep brain stimulation of the posterior insula in chronic pain: a theoretical framework. Brain Sci. 2021;11(5):639.
pubmed: 34063367 pmcid: 8156413 doi: 10.3390/brainsci11050639
Kashanian A, Tsolaki E, Pouratian N, Bari AA. Deep brain stimulation of the subgenual cingulate cortex for the treatment of chronic low back pain. Neuromodulation. 2022;25(2):202–10.
pubmed: 35125139 doi: 10.1111/ner.13388

Auteurs

Nathan A Shlobin (NA)

Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

Chengyuan Wu (C)

Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, 909 Walnut Street, Floor 2, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA. Chengyuan.Wu@jefferson.edu.

Classifications MeSH