Neurocognitive outcomes of children exposed to and living with HIV aged 3-5 years in Kilifi, Kenya.
HIV
caregivers
children
mental health
neurocognitive
nutrition
parenting
Journal
Frontiers in reproductive health
ISSN: 2673-3153
Titre abrégé: Front Reprod Health
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 9918230899006676
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
received:
24
03
2023
accepted:
14
08
2023
medline:
21
9
2023
pubmed:
21
9
2023
entrez:
21
9
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Globally, 1.7 million children are living with HIV, with the majority of them residing in sub-Saharan Africa. Due to reduced rates of vertical transmission of HIV, there is an increasing population of children born to HIV-infected mothers who remain uninfected. There is a growing concern around the development of these children in the antiretroviral therapy era. This study examined the neurocognitive outcomes of children who are HIV-exposed infected (CHEI), HIV-exposed uninfected (CHEU) and HIV-unexposed uninfected (CHUU) and explored the relationship between child neurocognitive outcomes and child's biomedical and caregivers' psychosocial factors. CHEI, CHUU and CHEU aged 3-5 years and their caregivers were recruited into the study. Neurocognitive outcomes were assessed using a validated battery of assessments. One-way analysis of variance and covariance (ANOVA and ANCOVA) were used to evaluate differences among the three groups by neurocognitive outcomes. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association between child neurocognitive outcomes and biomedical factors (nutritional status, HIV disease staging) and caregivers' psychosocial factors [symptoms of common mental disorders (CMDs) and parenting behaviour]. The study included 153 children and their caregivers: 43 (28.1%) CHEI, 52 (34.0%) CHEU and 58 (39.9%) CHUU. ANOVA and ANCOVA revealed a significant difference in cognitive ability mean scores across the child groups. Neurocognitive outcomes were similar across CHEI, CHEU and CHUU, although subtle differences were seen in cognitive ability scores where CHEU had significantly higher cognitive mean scores than the CHUU. Well-designed longitudinal studies are needed to ascertain these findings. Nonetheless, study findings underscore the need for strategies to promote better child nutrition, mental health, and early antiretroviral therapy initiation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37732169
doi: 10.3389/frph.2023.1193183
pmc: PMC10508958
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
1193183Informations de copyright
© 2023 Chongwo, Wedderburn, Nyongesa, Sigilai, Mwangi, Thoya, Odhiambo, Ngombo, Kabunda, Newton and Abubakar.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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