Timing and level of educational attainment and late-life cognition in the KHANDLE study.
adulthood education
cognitive change
cognitive decline
cognitive function
educational attainment timing
Journal
Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
ISSN: 1552-5279
Titre abrégé: Alzheimers Dement
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101231978
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
26 Sep 2023
26 Sep 2023
Historique:
revised:
07
07
2023
received:
03
04
2023
accepted:
23
08
2023
medline:
27
9
2023
pubmed:
27
9
2023
entrez:
26
9
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
The timing of educational attainment may modify its effects on late-life cognition, yet most studies evaluate education only at a single time point. Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) Study cohort participants (N = 554) reported educational attainment (dichotomized at any college education) at two time points, and we classified them as having low, high, or later-life high educational attainment. Linear mixed-effects models estimated associations between educational attainment change groups and domain-specific cognitive outcomes (z-standardized). Compared to low educational attainment, high (β= 0.59 SD units; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39, 0.79) and later-life high educational attainment (β = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.44) were associated with higher executive function. Only high educational attainment was associated with higher verbal episodic memory (β = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.48). Level and timing of educational attainment are both associated with domain-specific cognition. A single assessment for educational attainment may inadequately characterize protective associations with late-life cognition. Few studies have examined both level and timing of educational attainment on cognition. Marginalized populations are more likely to attain higher education in adulthood. Higher educational attainment in late life is also associated with higher cognition.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : P30 AG072972
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2023 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.
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