Increasing Prevalence of Artemisinin-Resistant HRP2-Negative Malaria in Eritrea.

Humans Amodiaquine / administration & dosage Antimalarials / pharmacology Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination / pharmacology Artemisinins / administration & dosage Drug Resistance / genetics Eritrea / epidemiology Malaria, Falciparum / drug therapy Plasmodium falciparum / drug effects Prevalence

Journal

The New England journal of medicine
ISSN: 1533-4406
Titre abrégé: N Engl J Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0255562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
28 Sep 2023
Historique:
medline: 28 9 2023
pubmed: 27 9 2023
entrez: 27 9 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Although the clinical efficacy of antimalarial artemisinin-based combination therapies in Africa remains high, the recent emergence of partial resistance to artemisinin in In this study, we used data from drug-efficacy studies conducted between 2016 and 2019 that evaluated 3-day courses of artemisinin-based combination therapy (artesunate-amodiaquine or artemether-lumefantrine) for uncomplicated malaria in Eritrea to estimate the percentage of patients with day-3 positivity (i.e., persistent We noted an increase in the percentage of patients with day-3 positivity from 0.4% (1 of 273) in 2016 to 1.9% (4 of 209) in 2017 and 4.2% (15 of 359) in 2019. An increase was also noted in the prevalence of the The emergence and spread of

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Although the clinical efficacy of antimalarial artemisinin-based combination therapies in Africa remains high, the recent emergence of partial resistance to artemisinin in
METHODS METHODS
In this study, we used data from drug-efficacy studies conducted between 2016 and 2019 that evaluated 3-day courses of artemisinin-based combination therapy (artesunate-amodiaquine or artemether-lumefantrine) for uncomplicated malaria in Eritrea to estimate the percentage of patients with day-3 positivity (i.e., persistent
RESULTS RESULTS
We noted an increase in the percentage of patients with day-3 positivity from 0.4% (1 of 273) in 2016 to 1.9% (4 of 209) in 2017 and 4.2% (15 of 359) in 2019. An increase was also noted in the prevalence of the
CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS
The emergence and spread of

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2210956 PMID: 37754284 PMC: PMC10539021
pubmed: 37754284
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2210956
pmc: PMC10539021
mid: NIHMS1919039
doi:

Substances chimiques

Amodiaquine 220236ED28
amodiaquine, artesunate drug combination 0
Antimalarials 0
Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination 0
Artemisinins 0
HRP-2 antigen, Plasmodium falciparum 0
HRP3 protein, Plasmodium falciparum 0

Banques de données

ANZCTR
['ACTRN12618001223224', 'ACTRN12618000353291', 'ACTRN12619000859189']

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1191-1202

Subventions

Organisme : World Health Organization
ID : 001
Pays : International
Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : R01 AI109023
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : R01 AI109023
Pays : United States

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2023 Massachusetts Medical Society.

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Auteurs

Selam Mihreteab (S)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).

Lucien Platon (L)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).

Araia Berhane (A)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).

Barbara H Stokes (BH)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).

Marian Warsame (M)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).

Pascal Campagne (P)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).

Alexis Criscuolo (A)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).

Laurence Ma (L)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).

Nathalie Petiot (N)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).

Cécile Doderer-Lang (C)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).

Eric Legrand (E)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).

Kurt E Ward (KE)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).
ORCID: 0000-0002-3614-436X

Assefash Zehaie Kassahun (A)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).

Pascal Ringwald (P)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).

David A Fidock (DA)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).
ORCID: 0000-0001-6753-8938

Didier Ménard (D)

From the National Malaria Control Program (S.M.) and the Communicable Diseases Control Division (A.B.), Ministry of Health, and the World Health Organization (A.Z.K.) - both in Asmara, Eritrea; the Malaria Genetic and Resistance Unit, INSERM Unité 1201 (L.P., N.P., E.L., D.M.), the Malaria Parasite Biology and Vaccines Unit (L.P., E.L. D.M.), the Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub (P.C., A.C.), and the Biomics Platform, Center for Technological Resources and Research (L.M.), Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, and Collège Ecole Doctorale Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université (L.P.), Paris, and the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Université de Strasbourg (C.D.-L., D.M.), and the Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Strasbourg (D.M.), Strasbourg - all in France; the Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.H.S., K.E.W., D.A.F.) and the Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine (D.A.F.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York; the School of Public Health and Social Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden (M.W.); and the Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (P.R.).

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Increasing Prevalence of Artemisinin-Resistant...
questionsmedicales.fr › Composés hétérocycliques › Composés hétérocycliques à cycles fusionnés › Composés hétérobicycliques › Quinoléines › Aminoquinoléines › Amodiaquine › Increasing Prevalence of Artemisinin-Resistant...
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