Three-Dimensional Printed Tooth Model with Root Canal Ledge: A Novel Educational Tool for Endodontic Training.

Ledge formation presents a significant challenge in endodontic treatment. Yet, there is still a lack of educational tooth models for hands-on practice. This study aimed to create and evaluate a tooth model for ledge management practice. A natural tooth with curved roots was collected for scientific use under ethics committee approval. Following initial root canal preparation, the tooth was scanned using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and 3D reconstructed. A K-file, created via computer-aided design (CAD), was partly inserted into the root canal wall of the 3D reconstructed tooth. By subtracting the K-file from the tooth, a tooth model with a root canal ledge was produced. The model was then 3D printed for a hands-on workshop. An eight-item Likert-scale questionnaire was administered to 20 postgraduate students and 10 endodontists to assess the model's quality and training effectiveness. In addition, the success rate of bypassing and correcting the root canal ledge was documented. The feedback from both the students and experts was positive, and the results of the Mann-Whitney U test indicated no statistically significant differences found between the two groups (