The Biological Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance: Consensus Statement for the American College of Sports Medicine.

Adult Humans Female Male United States Sex Characteristics Athletic Performance / physiology Testosterone Sports Medicine Testosterone Congeners Gonadal Steroid Hormones

Journal

Medicine and science in sports and exercise
ISSN: 1530-0315
Titre abrégé: Med Sci Sports Exerc
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8005433

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
01 12 2023
Historique:
medline: 16 11 2023
pubmed: 29 9 2023
entrez: 29 9 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Biological sex is a primary determinant of athletic performance because of fundamental sex differences in anatomy and physiology dictated by sex chromosomes and sex hormones. Adult men are typically stronger, more powerful, and faster than women of similar age and training status. Thus, for athletic events and sports relying on endurance, muscle strength, speed, and power, males typically outperform females by 10%-30% depending on the requirements of the event. These sex differences in performance emerge with the onset of puberty and coincide with the increase in endogenous sex steroid hormones, in particular testosterone in males, which increases 30-fold by adulthood, but remains low in females. The primary goal of this consensus statement is to provide the latest scientific knowledge and mechanisms for the sex differences in athletic performance. This review highlights the differences in anatomy and physiology between males and females that are primary determinants of the sex differences in athletic performance and in response to exercise training, and the role of sex steroid hormones (particularly testosterone and estradiol). We also identify historical and nonphysiological factors that influence the sex differences in performance. Finally, we identify gaps in the knowledge of sex differences in athletic performance and the underlying mechanisms, providing substantial opportunities for high-impact studies. A major step toward closing the knowledge gap is to include more and equitable numbers of women to that of men in mechanistic studies that determine any of the sex differences in response to an acute bout of exercise, exercise training, and athletic performance.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003300 PMID: 37772882
pubmed: 37772882
doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003300
pii: 00005768-990000000-00374
doi:

Substances chimiques

Testosterone 3XMK78S47O
Testosterone Congeners 0
Gonadal Steroid Hormones 0

Types de publication

Review Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

2328-2360

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2023 by the American College of Sports Medicine.

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Auteurs

Sandra K Hunter (SK)

Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, and Athletic and Human Performance Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI.

Siddhartha S Angadi (S)

Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.

Aditi Bhargava (A)

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA.

Joanna Harper (J)

Loughborough University, Loughborough, UNITED KINGDOM.

Angelica Lindén Hirschberg (AL)

Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SWEDEN.

Benjamin D Levine (B)

Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.

Kerrie L Moreau (K)

Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, and Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO.

Natalie J Nokoff (N)

Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.

Nina S Stachenfeld (NS)

The John B. Pierce Laboratory and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

Stéphane Bermon (S)

Health and Science Department, World Athletics, Monaco and the LAMHESS, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, FRANCE.

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › The Biological Basis of Sex Differences in...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › The Biological Basis of Sex Differences in...
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