Cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology at high altitude.
Journal
Nature reviews. Cardiology
ISSN: 1759-5010
Titre abrégé: Nat Rev Cardiol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101500075
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 Oct 2023
02 Oct 2023
Historique:
accepted:
16
08
2023
medline:
3
10
2023
pubmed:
3
10
2023
entrez:
2
10
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Oxygen is vital for cellular metabolism; therefore, the hypoxic conditions encountered at high altitude affect all physiological functions. Acute hypoxia activates the adrenergic system and induces tachycardia, whereas hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction increases pulmonary artery pressure. After a few days of exposure to low oxygen concentrations, the autonomic nervous system adapts and tachycardia decreases, thereby protecting the myocardium against high energy consumption. Permanent exposure to high altitude induces erythropoiesis, which if excessive can be deleterious and lead to chronic mountain sickness, often associated with pulmonary hypertension and heart failure. Genetic factors might account for the variable prevalence of chronic mountain sickness, depending on the population and geographical region. Cardiovascular adaptations to hypoxia provide a remarkable model of the regulation of oxygen availability at the cellular and systemic levels. Rapid exposure to high altitude can have adverse effects in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, intermittent, moderate hypoxia might be useful in the management of some cardiovascular disorders, such as coronary heart disease and heart failure. The aim of this Review is to help physicians to understand the cardiovascular responses to hypoxia and to outline some recommendations that they can give to patients with cardiovascular disease who wish to travel to high-altitude destinations.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37783743
doi: 10.1038/s41569-023-00924-9
pii: 10.1038/s41569-023-00924-9
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.
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