Large-scale plasma proteomics comparisons through genetics and disease associations.


Journal

Nature
ISSN: 1476-4687
Titre abrégé: Nature
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0410462

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
Oct 2023
Historique:
received: 04 08 2022
accepted: 22 08 2023
medline: 23 10 2023
pubmed: 5 10 2023
entrez: 4 10 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

High-throughput proteomics platforms measuring thousands of proteins in plasma combined with genomic and phenotypic information have the power to bridge the gap between the genome and diseases. Here we performed association studies of Olink Explore 3072 data generated by the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project

Identifiants

pubmed: 37794188
doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06563-x
pii: 10.1038/s41586-023-06563-x
pmc: PMC10567571
doi:

Substances chimiques

Blood Proteins 0
Proteome 0

Types de publication

Comparative Study Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

348-358

Informations de copyright

© 2023. The Author(s).

Références

Sun, B. B. et al. Plasma proteomic associations with genetics and health in the UK Biobank. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06592-6 (2023).
Ferkingstad, E. et al. Large-scale integration of the plasma proteome with genetics and disease. Nat. Genet. 53, 1712–1721 (2021).
pubmed: 34857953 doi: 10.1038/s41588-021-00978-w
Folkersen, L. et al. Genomic and drug target evaluation of 90 cardiovascular proteins in 30,931 individuals. Nat. Metab. 2, 1135–1148 (2020).
pubmed: 33067605 pmcid: 7611474 doi: 10.1038/s42255-020-00287-2
Folkersen, L. et al. Mapping of 79 loci for 83 plasma protein biomarkers in cardiovascular disease. PLoS Genet. 13, e1006706 (2017).
pubmed: 28369058 pmcid: 5393901 doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006706
Pietzner, M. et al. Mapping the proteo-genomic convergence of human diseases. Science 374, eabj1541 (2021).
pubmed: 34648354 pmcid: 9904207 doi: 10.1126/science.abj1541
Sun, B. B. et al. Genomic atlas of the human plasma proteome. Nature 558, 73–79 (2018).
pubmed: 29875488 pmcid: 6697541 doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0175-2
Pietzner, M. et al. Synergistic insights into human health from aptamer- and antibody-based proteomic profiling. Nat. Commun. 12, 6822 (2021).
pubmed: 34819519 pmcid: 8613205 doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27164-0
Kastenmüller, G., Raffler, J., Gieger, C. & Suhre, K. Genetics of human metabolism: an update. Hum. Mol. Genet. 24, R93–R101 (2015).
pubmed: 26160913 pmcid: 4572003 doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddv263
Koprulu, M. et al. Proteogenomic links to human metabolic diseases. Nat. Metab. 5, 516–528 (2023).
pubmed: 36823471 pmcid: 7614946 doi: 10.1038/s42255-023-00753-7
Katz, D. H. et al. Proteomic profiling platforms head to head: Leveraging genetics and clinical traits to compare aptamer- and antibody-based methods. Sci. Adv. 8, eabm5164 (2022).
pubmed: 35984888 pmcid: 9390994 doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5164
Raffield, L. M. et al. Comparison of proteomic assessment methods in multiple cohort studies. Proteomics 20, e1900278 (2020).
pubmed: 32386347 pmcid: 7425176 doi: 10.1002/pmic.201900278
Halldorsson, B. V. et al. The sequences of 150,119 genomes in the UK Biobank. Nature 607, 732–740 (2022).
pubmed: 35859178 pmcid: 9329122 doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04965-x
Candia, J. et al. Assessment of variability in the SOMAscan assay. Sci. Rep. 7, 14248 (2017).
pubmed: 29079756 pmcid: 5660188 doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-14755-5
Uhlén, M. et al. Tissue-based map of the human proteome. Science 347, 1260419 (2015).
pubmed: 25613900 doi: 10.1126/science.1260419
Gorovits, B., McNally, J., Fiorotti, C. & Leung, S. Protein-based matrix interferences in ligand-binding assays. Bioanalysis 6, 1131–1140 (2014).
pubmed: 24830897 doi: 10.4155/bio.14.56
Enroth, S., Hallmans, G., Grankvist, K. & Gyllensten, U. Effects of long-term storage time and original sampling month on biobank plasma protein concentrations. eBioMedicine 12, 309–314 (2016).
pubmed: 27596149 pmcid: 5078583 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.08.038
Koratala, A. & Kazory, A. Natriuretic peptides as biomarkers for congestive states: the cardiorenal divergence. Dis. Markers 2017, 1454986 (2017).
pubmed: 28701807 pmcid: 5494089 doi: 10.1155/2017/1454986
Smith, L. M. & Kelleher, N. L. Proteoform: a single term describing protein complexity. Nat. Methods 10, 186–187 (2013).
pubmed: 23443629 pmcid: 4114032 doi: 10.1038/nmeth.2369
Yuan, A., Rao, M. V., Veeranna, & Nixon, R. A. Neurofilaments at a glance. J. Cell Sci. 125, 3257–3263 (2012).
pubmed: 22956720 pmcid: 3516374 doi: 10.1242/jcs.104729
Teunissen, C. E. et al. Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease: towards clinical implementation. Lancet Neurol. 21, 66–77 (2022).
pubmed: 34838239 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00361-6
Jiang, Y. et al. Large‐scale plasma proteomic profiling identifies a high‐performance biomarker panel for Alzheimer’s disease screening and staging. Alzheimers Dement. 18, 88–102 (2022).
pubmed: 34032364 doi: 10.1002/alz.12369
Ticau, S. et al. Neurofilament light chain as a biomarker of hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis. Neurology 96, e412–e422 (2021).
pubmed: 33087494 pmcid: 7884985 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011090
Le Loupp, A.-G. et al. Activation of the prostaglandin D
pubmed: 26338799 pmcid: 4558965 doi: 10.1186/s12876-015-0338-7
Zamuner, S. R., Warrier, N., Buret, A. G., MacNaughton, W. K. & Wallace, J. L. Cyclooxygenase 2 mediates post-inflammatory colonic secretory and barrier dysfunction. Gut 52, 1714–1720 (2003).
pubmed: 14633948 pmcid: 1773896 doi: 10.1136/gut.52.12.1714
Larson, N. B. et al. Comprehensively evaluating cis-regulatory variation in the human prostate transcriptome by using gene-level allele-specific expression. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 96, 869–882 (2015).
pubmed: 25983244 pmcid: 4457953 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.04.015
Zhang, J. et al. Plasma proteome analyses in individuals of European and African ancestry identify cis-pQTLs and models for proteome-wide association studies. Nat. Genet. 54, 593–602 (2022).
pubmed: 35501419 pmcid: 9236177 doi: 10.1038/s41588-022-01051-w
Cohen, J. C., Boerwinkle, E., Mosley, T. H. & Hobbs, H. H. Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 1264–1272 (2006).
pubmed: 16554528 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa054013
Benjannet, S., Rhainds, D., Hamelin, J., Nassoury, N. & Seidah, N. G. The proprotein convertase (PC) PCSK9 is inactivated by furin and/or PC5/6A: functional consequences of natural mutations and post-translational modifications. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 30561–30572 (2006).
pubmed: 16912035 doi: 10.1074/jbc.M606495200
Antonarakis, S. E. et al. Origin of the beta S-globin gene in blacks: the contribution of recurrent mutation or gene conversion or both. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 81, 853–856 (1984).
pubmed: 6583683 pmcid: 344936 doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.3.853
Gomperts, E. et al. The role of carbon monoxide and heme oxygenase in the prevention of sickle cell disease vaso-occlusive crises. Am. J. Hematol. 92, 569–582 (2017).
pubmed: 28378932 pmcid: 5723421 doi: 10.1002/ajh.24750
1000 Genomes Project Consortium. A global reference for human genetic variation. Nature 526, 68–74 (2015).
doi: 10.1038/nature15393
Pietzner, M. et al. Genetic architecture of host proteins involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat. Commun. 11, 6397 (2020).
pubmed: 33328453 pmcid: 7744536 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19996-z
Pietzner, M. et al. Genetic architecture of host proteins interacting with SARS-CoV-2. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.01.182709 (2020).
Liu, J. Z. et al. Association analyses identify 38 susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel disease and highlight shared genetic risk across populations. Nat. Genet. 47, 979–986 (2015).
pubmed: 26192919 pmcid: 4881818 doi: 10.1038/ng.3359
Kühn, R., Löhler, J., Rennick, D., Rajewsky, K. & Müller, W. Interleukin-10-deficient mice develop chronic enterocolitis. Cell 75, 263–274 (1993).
pubmed: 8402911 doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)80068-P
Nambu, R. et al. A systematic review of monogenic inflammatory bowel disease. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 20, E653–E663 (2022).
pubmed: 33746097 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.03.021
Fan, J., Jiang, T. & He, D. Genetic link between rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune liver diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 152142 (2023).
pubmed: 36446255 doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152142
Ono, T., Hayashi, M., Sasaki, F. & Nakashima, T. RANKL biology: bone metabolism, the immune system, and beyond. Inflamm. Regen. 40, 2 (2020).
pubmed: 32047573 pmcid: 7006158 doi: 10.1186/s41232-019-0111-3
Pulit, S. L. et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for body fat distribution in 694 649 individuals of European ancestry. Hum. Mol. Genet. 28, 166–174 (2019).
pubmed: 30239722 doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddy327
Zeng, F., Wang, Y., Kloepfer, L. A., Wang, S. & Harris, R. C. ErbB4 deletion predisposes to development of metabolic syndrome in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 315, E583–E593 (2018).
pubmed: 29944391 pmcid: 6230712 doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00166.2018
Mahajan, A. et al. Fine-mapping type 2 diabetes loci to single-variant resolution using high-density imputation and islet-specific epigenome maps. Nat. Genet. 50, 1505–1513 (2018).
pubmed: 30297969 pmcid: 6287706 doi: 10.1038/s41588-018-0241-6
Merali, Z., McIntosh, J. & Anisman, H. Role of bombesin-related peptides in the control of food intake. Neuropeptides 33, 376–386 (1999).
pubmed: 10657515 doi: 10.1054/npep.1999.0054
Kichaev, G. et al. Leveraging polygenic functional enrichment to improve GWAS Power. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 104, 65–75 (2019).
pubmed: 30595370 doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.11.008
Han, Y. et al. Genome-wide analysis highlights contribution of immune system pathways to the genetic architecture of asthma. Nat. Commun. 11, 1776 (2020).
pubmed: 32296059 pmcid: 7160128 doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-15649-3
Laza-Stanca, V. et al. The role of IL-15 deficiency in the pathogenesis of virus-induced asthma exacerbations. PLoS Pathog. 7, e1002114 (2011).
pubmed: 21779162 pmcid: 3136447 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002114
Wang, N. et al. Reduced IL-2 response from peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to bacteria at 6 months of age is associated with elevated total-IgE and allergic rhinitis during the first 7 years of life. eBioMedicine 43, 587–593 (2019).
pubmed: 31056472 pmcid: 6558232 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.047
de Leeuw, C., Savage, J., Bucur, I. G., Heskes, T. & Posthuma, D. Understanding the assumptions underlying Mendelian randomization. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 30, 653–660 (2022).
pubmed: 35082398 pmcid: 9177700 doi: 10.1038/s41431-022-01038-5
Overton, D. L. & Mastracci, T. L. Exocrine–endocrine crosstalk: the influence of pancreatic cellular communications on organ growth, function and disease. Front. Endocrinol. 13, 904004 (2022).
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.904004
Szklarczyk, D. et al. The STRING database in 2023: protein–protein association networks and functional enrichment analyses for any sequenced genome of interest. Nucleic Acids Res. 51, D638–D646 (2022).
pmcid: 9825434 doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac1000
Saevarsdottir, S. et al. FLT3 stop mutation increases FLT3 ligand level and risk of autoimmune thyroid disease. Nature 584, 619–623 (2020).
pubmed: 32581359 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2436-0
Osterlund, P. I., Pietilä, T. E., Veckman, V., Kotenko, S. V. & Julkunen, I. IFN regulatory factor family members differentially regulate the expression of type III IFN (IFN-λ) genes. J. Immunol. 179, 3434–3442 (2007).
pubmed: 17785777 doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.3434
Thareja, G. et al. Differences and commonalities in the genetic architecture of protein quantitative trait loci in European and Arab populations. Hum. Mol. Genet. 32, 907–916 (2023).
pubmed: 36168886 doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddac243
Xu, F. et al. Genome-wide genotype-serum proteome mapping provides insights into the cross-ancestry differences in cardiometabolic disease susceptibility. Nat. Commun. 14, 896 (2023).
pubmed: 36797296 pmcid: 9935862 doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36491-3
Hansson, O. et al. The genetic regulation of protein expression in cerebrospinal fluid. EMBO Mol. Med. 15, e16359 (2023).
pubmed: 36504281 doi: 10.15252/emmm.202216359
Yang, C. et al. Genomic atlas of the proteome from brain, CSF and plasma prioritizes proteins implicated in neurological disorders. Nat. Neurosci. 24, 1302–1312 (2021).
pubmed: 34239129 pmcid: 8521603 doi: 10.1038/s41593-021-00886-6
Sirugo, G., Williams, S. M. & Tishkoff, S. A. The missing diversity in human genetic studies. Cell 177, 26–31 (2019).
pubmed: 30901543 pmcid: 7380073 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.048
Bycroft, C. et al. The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data. Nature 562, 203–209 (2018).
pubmed: 30305743 pmcid: 6786975 doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0579-z
Wik, L. et al. Proximity extension assay in combination with next-generation sequencing for high-throughput proteome-wide analysis. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 20, 100168 (2021).
pubmed: 34715355 pmcid: 8633680 doi: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100168
Assarsson, E. et al. Homogenous 96-Plex PEA immunoassay exhibiting high sensitivity, specificity, and excellent scalability. PLoS ONE 9, e95192 (2014).
pubmed: 24755770 pmcid: 3995906 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095192
Lundberg, M., Eriksson, A., Tran, B., Assarsson, E. & Fredriksson, S. Homogeneous antibody-based proximity extension assays provide sensitive and specific detection of low-abundant proteins in human blood. Nucleic Acids Res. 39, e102 (2011).
pubmed: 21646338 pmcid: 3159481 doi: 10.1093/nar/gkr424
Olink Explore 1536 User Manual https://www.olink.com/content/uploads/2021/12/olink-explore-1536-expansion-user-manual-1.pdf (Olink Proteomics, 2021).
Gold, L. et al. Aptamer-based multiplexed proteomic technology for biomarker discovery. PLoS ONE 5, e15004 (2010).
pubmed: 21165148 pmcid: 3000457 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015004
Rohloff, J. C. et al. Nucleic acid ligands with protein-like side chains: modified aptamers and their use as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids 3, e201 (2014).
pubmed: 25291143 pmcid: 4217074 doi: 10.1038/mtna.2014.49
SOMAscan v4 Data Standardization and File Specification Technical Note https://www.mcgill.ca/genepi/files/genepi/bqc19_jgh_prt_tech_note_0.pdf (SomaLogic, 2018).
Eggertsson, H. P. et al. Graphtyper enables population-scale genotyping using pangenome graphs. Nat. Genet. 49, 1654–1660 (2017).
pubmed: 28945251 doi: 10.1038/ng.3964
Wain, L. V. et al. Novel insights into the genetics of smoking behaviour, lung function, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (UK BiLEVE): a genetic association study in UK Biobank. Lancet Respir. Med. 3, 769–781 (2015).
pubmed: 26423011 pmcid: 4593935 doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00283-0
Welsh, S., Peakman, T., Sheard, S. & Almond, R. Comparison of DNA quantification methodology used in the DNA extraction protocol for the UK Biobank cohort. BMC Genomics 18, 26 (2017).
pubmed: 28056765 pmcid: 5217214 doi: 10.1186/s12864-016-3391-x
Gudbjartsson, D. F. et al. Large-scale whole-genome sequencing of the Icelandic population. Nat. Genet. 47, 435–444 (2015).
pubmed: 25807286 doi: 10.1038/ng.3247
Kong, A. et al. Detection of sharing by descent, long-range phasing and haplotype imputation. Nat. Genet. 40, 1068–1075 (2008).
pubmed: 19165921 pmcid: 4540081 doi: 10.1038/ng.216
The UniProt Consortium. UniProt: the universal protein knowledgebase in 2021. Nucleic Acids Res. 49, D480–D489 (2021).
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1100
Loh, P.-R. et al. Efficient Bayesian mixed-model analysis increases association power in large cohorts. Nat. Genet. 47, 284–290 (2015).
pubmed: 25642633 pmcid: 4342297 doi: 10.1038/ng.3190
Bulik-Sullivan, B. K. et al. LD score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies. Nat. Genet. 47, 291–295 (2015).
pubmed: 25642630 pmcid: 4495769 doi: 10.1038/ng.3211
Sham, P. C. & Purcell, S. M. Statistical power and significance testing in large-scale genetic studies. Nat. Rev. Genet. 15, 335–346 (2014).
pubmed: 24739678 doi: 10.1038/nrg3706
Buniello, A. et al. The NHGRI-EBI GWAS catalog of published genome-wide association studies, targeted arrays and summary statistics 2019. Nucleic Acids Res. 47, D1005–D1012 (2019).
pubmed: 30445434 doi: 10.1093/nar/gky1120
Uffelmann, E. et al. Genome-wide association studies. Nat. Rev. Methods Primers 1, 59 (2021).
doi: 10.1038/s43586-021-00056-9
Maller, J. B. et al. Bayesian refinement of association signals for 14 loci in 3 common diseases. Nat. Genet. 44, 1294–1301 (2012).
pubmed: 23104008 pmcid: 3791416 doi: 10.1038/ng.2435
Giambartolomei, C. et al. Bayesian test for colocalisation between pairs of genetic association studies using summary statistics. PLoS Genet. 10, e1004383 (2014).
pubmed: 24830394 pmcid: 4022491 doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004383

Auteurs

Grimur Hjorleifsson Eldjarn (GH)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Egil Ferkingstad (E)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Sigrun H Lund (SH)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Hannes Helgason (H)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Olafur Th Magnusson (OT)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Kristbjorg Gunnarsdottir (K)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Thorunn A Olafsdottir (TA)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Bjarni V Halldorsson (BV)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Pall I Olason (PI)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Florian Zink (F)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Sigurjon A Gudjonsson (SA)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Gardar Sveinbjornsson (G)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Magnus I Magnusson (MI)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Agnar Helgason (A)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Asmundur Oddsson (A)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Gisli H Halldorsson (GH)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Magnus K Magnusson (MK)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Saedis Saevarsdottir (S)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Thjodbjorg Eiriksdottir (T)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Gisli Masson (G)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Hreinn Stefansson (H)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Ingileif Jonsdottir (I)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Hilma Holm (H)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Thorunn Rafnar (T)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Pall Melsted (P)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Jona Saemundsdottir (J)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Gudmundur L Norddahl (GL)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Gudmar Thorleifsson (G)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Magnus O Ulfarsson (MO)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Daniel F Gudbjartsson (DF)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Unnur Thorsteinsdottir (U)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Patrick Sulem (P)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland. patrick.sulem@decode.is.

Kari Stefansson (K)

deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland. kstefans@decode.is.
Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. kstefans@decode.is.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH