Protein intake and body weight, fat mass and waist circumference: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline on protein intake of the German Nutrition Society.
Body weight
Fat mass
Protein intake
Umbrella review
Waist circumference
Journal
European journal of nutrition
ISSN: 1436-6215
Titre abrégé: Eur J Nutr
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 100888704
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 Oct 2023
04 Oct 2023
Historique:
received:
30
03
2023
accepted:
18
07
2023
medline:
5
10
2023
pubmed:
5
10
2023
entrez:
4
10
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
This umbrella review aimed to assess whether dietary protein intake with regard to quantitative (higher vs. lower dietary protein intake) and qualitative considerations (total, plant-based or animal-based protein intake) affects body weight (BW), fat mass (FM) and waist circumference (WC). A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews (SRs) with and without meta-analyses of prospective studies published between 04 October 2007 and 04 January 2022. Methodological quality and outcome-specific certainty of evidence of the retrieved SRs were assessed by using AMSTAR 2 and NutriGrade, respectively, in order to rate the overall certainty of evidence using predefined criteria. Thirty-three SRs were included in this umbrella review; 29 were based on randomised controlled trials, a few included cohort studies. In studies without energy restriction, a high-protein diet did not modulate BW, FM and WC in adults in general (all "possible" evidence); for older adults, overall certainty of evidence was "insufficient" for all parameters. Under hypoenergetic diets, a high-protein diet mostly decreased BW and FM, but evidence was "insufficient" due to low methodological quality. Evidence regarding an influence of the protein type on BW, FM and WC was "insufficient". "Possible" evidence exists that the amount of protein does not affect BW, FM and WC in adults under isoenergetic conditions. Its impact on the reduction in BW and FM under hypoenergetic conditions remains unclear; evidence for an influence of protein type on BW, FM and WC is "insufficient".
Identifiants
pubmed: 37794213
doi: 10.1007/s00394-023-03220-x
pii: 10.1007/s00394-023-03220-x
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
Références
WHO (2021) Obesity and overweight. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
Powell-Wiley TM, Poirier P, Burke LE, Despres JP, Gordon-Larsen P, Lavie CJ, Lear SA, Ndumele CE, Neeland IJ, Sanders P, St-Onge MP, American Heart Association Council on L, Cardiometabolic H, Council on C, Stroke N, Council on Clinical C, Council on E, Prevention, Stroke C (2021) Obesity and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 143(21):e984–e1010. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000973
doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000973
pubmed: 33882682
pmcid: 8493650
Ross R, Neeland IJ, Yamashita S, Shai I, Seidell J, Magni P, Santos RD, Arsenault B, Cuevas A, Hu FB, Griffin BA, Zambon A, Barter P, Fruchart JC, Eckel RH, Matsuzawa Y, Despres JP (2020) Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a Consensus Statement from the IAS and ICCR Working Group on Visceral Obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 16(3):177–189. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-019-0310-7
doi: 10.1038/s41574-019-0310-7
pubmed: 32020062
pmcid: 7027970
Lauby-Secretan B, Scoccianti C, Loomis D, Grosse Y, Bianchini F, Straif K, International Agency for Research on Cancer Handbook Working G (2016) Body fatness and cancer-viewpoint of the IARC Working Group. N Engl J Med 375(8):794–798. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsr1606602
doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr1606602
pubmed: 27557308
pmcid: 6754861
Grill HJ (2020) A Role for GLP-1 in treating hyperphagia and obesity. Endocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1210/endocr/bqaa093
doi: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa093
pubmed: 32516384
pmcid: 7899438
Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC (2018) Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet Glob Health 6(10):e1077–e1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7
doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7
pubmed: 30193830
Moon J, Koh G (2020) Clinical evidence and mechanisms of high-protein diet-induced weight loss. J Obes Metab Syndr 29(3):166–173. https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes20028
doi: 10.7570/jomes20028
pubmed: 32699189
pmcid: 7539343
Devries MC, Phillips SM (2015) Supplemental protein in support of muscle mass and health: advantage whey. J Food Sci 80(Suppl 1):A8–A15. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12802
doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.12802
pubmed: 25757896
Simonson M, Boirie Y, Guillet C (2020) Protein, amino acids and obesity treatment. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 21(3):341–353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-020-09574-5
doi: 10.1007/s11154-020-09574-5
pubmed: 32827096
pmcid: 7455583
Hruby A, Jacques PF (2021) Protein intake and human health: implications of units of protein intake. Adv Nutr 12(1):71–88. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa097
doi: 10.1093/advances/nmaa097
pubmed: 32879937
EFSA (2012) Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for protein. EFSA J 10(2):2557. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2557
doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2557
Zittermann A, Schmidt A, Haardt J, Kalotai N, Lehmann A, Egert S, Ellinger S, Kroke A, Lorkowski S, Louis S, Schulze MB, Schwingshackl L, Siener R, Stangl GI, Volkert D, Watzl B, Bischoff-Ferrari HA on behalf of the German Nutrition Society (2023) Protein intake and bone health: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society. Osteoporos Int. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-023-06709-7
doi: 10.1007/s00198-023-06709-7
pubmed: 37126148
pmcid: 10382330
Remer T, Kalotai N, Amini AM, Lehmann A, Schmidt A, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Egert S, Ellinger S, Kroke A, Kuhn T, Lorkowski S, Nimptsch K, Schwingshackl L, Zittermann A, Watzl B, Siener R on behalf of the German Nutrition Society (2023) Protein intake and risk of urolithiasis and kidney diseases: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society. Eur J Nutr 62(5):1957–1975. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03143-7
doi: 10.1007/s00394-023-03143-7
pubmed: 37133532
pmcid: 10349749
Kroke A, Schmidt A, Amini AM, Kalotai N, Lehmann A, Haardt J, Bauer JM, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Boeing H, Egert S, Ellinger S, Kuhn T, Louis S, Lorkowski S, Nimptsch K, Remer T, Schulze MB, Siener R, Stangl GI, Volkert D, Zittermann A, Buyken AE, Watzl B, Schwingshackl L on behalf of the German Nutrition Society (2022) Dietary protein intake and health-related outcomes: a methodological protocol for the evidence evaluation and the outline of an evidence to decision framework underlying the evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society. Eur J Nutr 61(4):2091–2101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02789-5
doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02789-5
pubmed: 35031889
pmcid: 9106629
Pieper D, Antoine SL, Mathes T, Neugebauer EA, Eikermann M (2014) Systematic review finds overlapping reviews were not mentioned in every other overview. J Clin Epidemiol 67(4):368–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.11.007
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.11.007
pubmed: 24581293
Shea BJ, Reeves BC, Wells G, Thuku M, Hamel C, Moran J, Moher D, Tugwell P, Welch V, Kristjansson E, Henry DA (2017) AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. BMJ 358:j4008. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j4008
doi: 10.1136/bmj.j4008
pubmed: 28935701
pmcid: 5833365
Schwingshackl L, Knuppel S, Schwedhelm C, Hoffmann G, Missbach B, Stelmach-Mardas M, Dietrich S, Eichelmann F, Kontopantelis E, Iqbal K, Aleksandrova K, Lorkowski S, Leitzmann MF, Kroke A, Boeing H (2016) Perspective: NutriGrade: a scoring system to assess and judge the meta-evidence of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies in nutrition research. Adv Nutr 7(6):994–1004. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.116.013052
doi: 10.3945/an.116.013052
pubmed: 28140319
pmcid: 5105044
Blair M, Kellow NJ, Dordevic AL, Evans S, Caissutti J, McCaffrey TA (2020) Health benefits of whey or colostrum supplementation in adults ≥35 years; a systematic review. Nutrients 12(2):299. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020299
doi: 10.3390/nu12020299
pubmed: 31979025
pmcid: 7070284
Lonnie M, Laurie I, Myers M, Horgan G, Russell WR, Johnstone AM (2020) Exploring health-promoting attributes of plant proteins as a functional ingredient for the food sector: a systematic review of human interventional studies. Nutrients 10(3):360. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082291
doi: 10.3390/nu12082291
Zhao H, Song A, Zheng C, Wang M, Song G (2020) Effects of plant protein and animal protein on lipid profile, body weight and body mass index on patients with hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Diabetol 57(10):1169–1180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-020-01534-4
doi: 10.1007/s00592-020-01534-4
pubmed: 32314018
Badely M, Sepandi M, Samadi M, Parastouei K, Taghdir M (2019) The effect of whey protein on the components of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese individuals; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 13(6):3121–3131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2019.11.001
doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.11.001
pubmed: 31790966
Donaldson AIC, Smith TO, Alder S, Johnstone AM, De Roos B, Aucott LS, Gordon AL, Myint PK (2019) Effect of nonmeat, high-protein supplementation on quality of life and clinical outcomes in older residents of care homes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 77(2):116–127. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuy061
doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy061
pubmed: 30544198
Hsu KJ, Liao CD, Tsai MW, Chen CN (2019) Effects of exercise and nutritional intervention on body composition, metabolic health, and physical performance in adults with sarcopenic obesity: a meta-analysis. Nutrients 11(9):2163. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092163
doi: 10.3390/nu11092163
pubmed: 31505890
pmcid: 6770949
Li M, Liu F (2019) Effect of whey protein supplementation during resistance training sessions on body mass and muscular strength: a meta-analysis. Food Funct 10(5):2766–2773. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9fo00182d
doi: 10.1039/c9fo00182d
pubmed: 31041966
Valenzuela PL, Mata F, Morales JS, Castillo-Garcia A, Lucia A (2019) Does beef protein supplementation improve body composition and exercise performance? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 11(6):1429. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061429
doi: 10.3390/nu11061429
pubmed: 31242624
pmcid: 6628355
van Baak MA, Mariman ECM (2019) Dietary strategies for weight loss maintenance. Nutrients 11(8):1916. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081916
doi: 10.3390/nu11081916
pubmed: 31443231
pmcid: 6722715
Bergia RE 3rd, Hudson JL, Campbell WW (2018) Effect of whey protein supplementation on body composition changes in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 76(7):539–551. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuy017
doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy017
pubmed: 29688559
Dewansingh P, Melse-Boonstra A, Krijnen WP, van der Schans CP, Jager-Wittenaar H, van den Heuvel E (2018) Supplemental protein from dairy products increases body weight and vitamin D improves physical performance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Res 49:1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2017.08.004
doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.08.004
pubmed: 29420989
Liao CD, Lee PH, Hsiao DJ, Huang SW, Tsauo JY, Chen HC, Liou TH (2018) Effects of protein supplementation combined with exercise intervention on frailty indices, body composition, and physical function in frail older adults. Nutrients 10(12):1916. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10121916
doi: 10.3390/nu10121916
pubmed: 30518122
pmcid: 6315527
Summerbell CD, Douthwaite W, Whittaker V, Ells LJ, Hillier F, Smith S, Kelly S, Edmunds LD, Macdonald I (2009) The association between diet and physical activity and subsequent excess weight gain and obesity assessed at 5 years of age or older: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. Int J Obes (Lond) 33(Suppl 3):S1-92. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.80
doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.80
pubmed: 19597430
Lepe M, Bacardi Gascon M, Jimenez Cruz A (2011) Long-term efficacy of high-protein diets: a systematic review. Nutr Hosp 26(6):1256–1259. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0212-16112011000600010
doi: 10.1590/S0212-16112011000600010
pubmed: 22411369
Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G (2013) Long-term effects of low-fat diets either low or high in protein on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J 12:48. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-12-48
doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-48
pubmed: 23587198
pmcid: 3636027
Pedersen AN, Kondrup J, Borsheim E (2013) Health effects of protein intake in healthy adults: a systematic literature review. Food Nutr Res 57. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v57i0.21245
Fogelholm M, Anderssen S, Gunnarsdottir I, Lahti-Koski M (2012) Dietary macronutrients and food consumption as determinants of long-term weight change in adult populations: a systematic literature review. Food Nutr Res. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v56i0.19103
doi: 10.3402/fnr.v56i0.19103
pubmed: 22893782
pmcid: 3418612
Santesso N, Akl EA, Bianchi M, Mente A, Mustafa R, Heels-Ansdell D, Schunemann HJ (2012) Effects of higher- versus lower-protein diets on health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 66(7):780–788. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2012.37
doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.37
pubmed: 22510792
pmcid: 3392894
Liao CD, Tsauo JY, Wu YT, Cheng CP, Chen HC, Huang YC, Chen HC, Liou TH (2017) Effects of protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise on body composition and physical function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 106(4):1078–1091. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.143594
doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.143594
pubmed: 28814401
Kim JE, O’Connor LE, Sands LP, Slebodnik MB, Campbell WW (2016) Effects of dietary protein intake on body composition changes after weight loss in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 74(3):210–224. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv065
doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv065
pubmed: 26883880
pmcid: 4892287
Clifton PM, Condo D, Keogh JB (2014) Long term weight maintenance after advice to consume low carbohydrate, higher protein diets–a systematic review and meta analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 24(3):224–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2013.11.006
doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.11.006
pubmed: 24472635
Wycherley TP, Moran LJ, Clifton PM, Noakes M, Brinkworth GD (2012) Effects of energy-restricted high-protein, low-fat compared with standard-protein, low-fat diets: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 96(6):1281–1298. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.044321
doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.044321
pubmed: 23097268
Miller PE, Alexander DD, Perez V (2014) Effects of whey protein and resistance exercise on body composition: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Nutr 33(2):163–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2013.875365
doi: 10.1080/07315724.2013.875365
pubmed: 24724774
Hidayat K, Chen GC, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Dai X, Szeto IMY, Qin LQ (2018) Effects of milk proteins supplementation in older adults undergoing resistance training: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials. J Nutr Health Aging 22(2):237–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-017-0899-y
doi: 10.1007/s12603-017-0899-y
pubmed: 29380851
Wirunsawanya K, Upala S, Jaruvongvanich V, Sanguankeo A (2018) Whey protein supplementation improves body composition and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Nutr 37(1):60–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2017.1344591
doi: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1344591
pubmed: 29087242
Chalvon-Demersay T, Azzout-Marniche D, Arfsten J, Egli L, Gaudichon C, Karagounis LG, Tome D (2017) A systematic review of the effects of plant compared with animal protein sources on features of metabolic syndrome. J Nutr 147(3):281–292. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.239574
doi: 10.3945/jn.116.239574
pubmed: 28122929
Johansson K, Neovius M, Hemmingsson E (2014) Effects of anti-obesity drugs, diet, and exercise on weight-loss maintenance after a very-low-calorie diet or low-calorie diet: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 99(1):14–23. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.070052
doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.070052
pubmed: 24172297
Saboori SF, Falahi E, Rad EY, Asbaghi O, Khosroshahi MZ, Clark CCT, Jafarnejad S (2019) Does soy protein supplementation affect body composition in healthy exerciser adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Obesity Med 14:100083
doi: 10.1016/j.obmed.2019.02.002
Piri Damaghi M, Mirzababaei A, Moradi S, Daneshzad E, Tavakoli A, Clark CCT, Mirzaei K (2022) Comparison of the effect of soya protein and whey protein on body composition: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Br J Nutr 127(6):885–895. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114521001550
doi: 10.1017/S0007114521001550
pubmed: 33971994
Hansen TT, Astrup A, Sjodin A (2021) Are dietary proteins the key to successful body weight management? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing body weight outcomes after interventions with increased dietary protein. Nutrients 13(9):3193. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093193
doi: 10.3390/nu13093193
pubmed: 34579069
pmcid: 8468854
Mohammadifard N, Sajjadi F, Haghighatdoost F (2021) Effects of soy consumption on metabolic parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EXCLI J 20:665–685. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2021-3348
doi: 10.17179/excli2021-3348
pubmed: 34121972
pmcid: 8192877
Vogtschmidt YD, Raben A, Faber I, de Wilde C, Lovegrove JA, Givens DI, Pfeiffer AFH, Soedamah-Muthu SS (2021) Is protein the forgotten ingredient: effects of higher compared to lower protein diets on cardiometabolic risk factors. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Atherosclerosis 328:124–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.05.011
doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.05.011
pubmed: 34120735
Zhang Y, Chen X, Allison DB, Xun P (2022) Efficacy and safety of a specific commercial high-protein meal-replacement product line in weight management: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 62(3):798–809. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1829539
doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1829539
pubmed: 33938779
Richter M, Baerlocher K, Bauer JM, Elmadfa I, Heseker H, Leschik-Bonnet E, Stangl G, Volkert D, Stehle P on behalf of the German Nutrition Society (2019) Revised Reference Values for the Intake of Protein. Ann Nutr Metab 74(3):242–250. https://doi.org/10.1159/000499374
doi: 10.1159/000499374
pubmed: 30904906
Volkert D, Beck AM, Cederholm T, Cruz-Jentoft A, Goisser S, Hooper L, Kiesswetter E, Maggio M, Raynaud-Simon A, Sieber CC, Sobotka L, van Asselt D, Wirth R, Bischoff SC (2019) ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. Clin Nutr 38(1):10–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.024
doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.024
pubmed: 30005900
Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Lemmens SG, Westerterp KR (2012) Dietary protein - its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health. Br J Nutr 108(Suppl 2):S105-112. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512002589
doi: 10.1017/S0007114512002589
pubmed: 23107521
Westerterp-Plantenga MS (2020) Challenging energy balance—during sensitivity to food reward and modulatory factors implying a risk for overweight—during body weight management including dietary restraint and medium-high protein diets. Physiol Behav 221:112879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112879
doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112879
pubmed: 32199999
Camara M, Giner RM, Gonzalez-Fandos E, Lopez-Garcia E, Manes J, Portillo MP, Rafecas M, Dominguez L, Martinez JA (2021) Food-based dietary guidelines around the world: a comparative analysis to update AESAN scientific committee dietary recommendations. Nutrients 13(9):3131. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093131
doi: 10.3390/nu13093131
pubmed: 34579007
pmcid: 8471688
Alonso-Coello P, Schünemann HJ, Moberg J et al (2016) GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks: a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices. 1: Introduction. BMJ 353:i2016. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i2016
doi: 10.1136/bmj.i2016
pubmed: 27353417