Quantitative and qualitative impacts of nitric acid digestion on microplastic identification via FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, implications for environmental samples.
Microplastics
Nitric acid
Polymer
Vibrational spectroscopy
Journal
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry
ISSN: 1618-2650
Titre abrégé: Anal Bioanal Chem
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 101134327
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2023
Nov 2023
Historique:
received:
27
06
2023
accepted:
14
09
2023
revised:
11
09
2023
medline:
1
11
2023
pubmed:
6
10
2023
entrez:
5
10
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Quantification and characterization of microplastics, synthetic polymers less than 5 mm in diameter, requires extraction methods that can reduce non-plastic debris without loss or alteration of the polymers. Nitric acid has been used to extract plastic particles from zooplankton and other biota because it completely digests tissue and exoskeletons, thus reducing interferences. While the impact of acid digestion protocols on several polymers has been demonstrated, advice for quantifying microplastic and interpreting their spectra following nitric acid digestion is lacking. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and/or Raman spectroscopy was performed on plastics from > 50 common consumer products (including a variety of textiles) pre- and post-nitric acid treatment. The percent match and assigned polymer were tabulated to compare the accuracy of spectral identification before and after nitric acid digestion via two open spectral analysis software. Nylon-66, polyoxymethylene, polyurethane, polyisoprene, nitrile rubber, and polymethyl methacrylate had ≥ 90% mass loss in nitric acid. Other less-impacted polymers changed color, morphology, and/or size following digestion. Thus, using nitric acid digestion for microplastic extraction can impact our understanding of the particle sizes and morphologies ingested in situ. Spectral analysis results were compiled to understand how often (1) the best-hit matches were correct (30-60% of spectra), (2) the best-hit matches exceeding the (arbitrary) threshold of 65% match were correct (53-78% of spectra), and (3) the best-hit matches for anthropogenic polymers were incorrectly identified as natural polymers (12-15% of spectra). Based on these results, advice is provided on how nitric acid digestion can impact microplastics as well as spectral interpretation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37798472
doi: 10.1007/s00216-023-04960-9
pii: 10.1007/s00216-023-04960-9
doi:
Substances chimiques
Plastics
0
Microplastics
0
Nitric Acid
411VRN1TV4
Polymers
0
Water Pollutants, Chemical
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
6809-6823Subventions
Organisme : Water Research Foundation
ID : 5088
Organisme : National Science Foundation
ID : 1917676
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.
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