Organosolv Pretreatment of Cocoa Pod Husks: Isolation, Analysis, and Use of Lignin from an Abundant Waste Product.


Journal

ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering
ISSN: 2168-0485
Titre abrégé: ACS Sustain Chem Eng
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101608852

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
02 Oct 2023
Historique:
received: 20 06 2022
revised: 05 09 2023
medline: 6 10 2023
pubmed: 6 10 2023
entrez: 6 10 2023
Statut: epublish

Résumé

Cocoa pod husks (CPHs) represent an underutilized component of the chocolate manufacturing process. While industry's current focus is understandably on the cocoa beans, the husks make up around 75 wt % of the fruit. Previous studies have been dominated by the carbohydrate polymers present in CPHs, but this work highlights the presence of the biopolymer lignin in this biomass. An optimized organosolv lignin isolation protocol was developed, delivering significant practical improvements. This new protocol may also prove to be useful for agricultural waste-derived biomasses in general. NMR analysis of the high quality lignin led to an improved structural understanding, with evidence provided to support deacetylation of the lignin occurring during the optimized pretreatment. Chemical transformation, using a tosylation, azidation, copper-catalyzed click protocol, delivered a modified lignin oligomer with an organophosphorus motif attached. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to demonstrate the oligomer's potential as a flame-retardant. Preliminary analysis of the other product streams isolated from the CPHs was also carried out.

Identifiants

pubmed: 37799817
doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c03670
pmc: PMC10548466
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Pagination

14323-14333

Informations de copyright

© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

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Auteurs

Daniel J Davidson (DJ)

School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.

Fei Lu (F)

Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom.

Laura Faas (L)

Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.

Daniel M Dawson (DM)

School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.

Geoffrey P Warren (GP)

Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AB, United Kingdom.

Isabella Panovic (I)

School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.

James R D Montgomery (JRD)

School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.

Xiaoyan Ma (X)

School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.

Boris G Bosilkov (BG)

School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.

Alexandra M Z Slawin (AMZ)

School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.

Tomas Lebl (T)

School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.

Afroditi Chatzifragkou (A)

Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom.

Steve Robinson (S)

Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AB, United Kingdom.

Sharon E Ashbrook (SE)

School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.

Liz J Shaw (LJ)

Soil Research Centre, Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AB, United Kingdom.

Smilja Lambert (S)

Mars Wrigley Australia, Ring Road, Wendouree, VIC 3355, Australia.

Isabella Van Damme (I)

Mars Wrigley Confectionery UK Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, SL1 4LG, United Kingdom.

Leonardo D Gomez (LD)

Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, North Yorkshire, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.

Dimitris Charalampopoulos (D)

Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom.

Nicholas J Westwood (NJ)

School of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews and EaStCHEM, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, United Kingdom.

Classifications MeSH