Retinal Changes in Parkinson's Disease: A Non-invasive Biomarker for Early Diagnosis.
Dopamine depletion
Non-invasive biomarker
Parkinson’s disease (PD)
Retinal changes
Journal
Cellular and molecular neurobiology
ISSN: 1573-6830
Titre abrégé: Cell Mol Neurobiol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8200709
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2023
Nov 2023
Historique:
received:
28
06
2023
accepted:
24
09
2023
medline:
22
11
2023
pubmed:
13
10
2023
entrez:
13
10
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) which leads to the depletion of dopamine in the body. The lack of dopamine is mainly due to aggregation of misfolded α-synuclein which causes motor impairment in PD. Dopamine is also required for normal retinal function and the light-dark vision cycle. Misfolded α-synuclein present in inner retinal layers causes vision-associated problems in PD patients. Hence, individuals with PD also experience structural and functional changes in the retina. Mutation in LRRK2, PARK2, PARK7, PINK1, or SNCA genes and mitochondria dysfunction also play a role in the pathophysiology of PD. In this review, we discussed the different etiologies which lead to PD and future prospects of employing non-invasive techniques and retinal changes to diagnose the onset of PD earlier.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37831228
doi: 10.1007/s10571-023-01419-4
pii: 10.1007/s10571-023-01419-4
doi:
Substances chimiques
alpha-Synuclein
0
Dopamine
VTD58H1Z2X
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
3983-3996Subventions
Organisme : Science and Engineering Research Board
ID : ECR/2018/000718
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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