Modeling Human Paraxial Mesoderm Development with Pluripotent Stem Cells.
Directed differentiation
Human development
Organoid
Paraxial mesoderm
Pluripotent stem cell
Somite
Somitogenesis
The segmentation clock
Journal
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
ISSN: 1940-6029
Titre abrégé: Methods Mol Biol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9214969
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
17 Oct 2023
17 Oct 2023
Historique:
medline:
16
10
2023
pubmed:
16
10
2023
entrez:
16
10
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Paraxial mesoderm in the early embryo is segmented into epithelial blocks called somites that establish the metameric organization of the vertebrate body plan. Somites are sequentially formed from head to tail in a rhythmic manner controlled by an oscillating gene regulatory network known as the segmentation clock. We know very little about this important process during human development due to limited access to human embryos and ethical concerns. To bypass these difficulties, model systems derived from human pluripotent stem cells have been established. Here, we detail three protocols modeling different aspects of human paraxial mesoderm development in vitro: a 2D cell monolayer system recapitulating dynamics of the human segmentation clock, a 3D organoid system called "somitoid" supporting the simultaneous formation of somite-like structures, and another organoid system called "segmentoid" reconstituting in vivo-like hallmarks of somitogenesis. Together, these complementary model systems provide an excellent platform to decode somitogenesis and advance human developmental biology.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37843773
doi: 10.1007/7651_2023_507
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2023. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
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