Peripartum dissociation, sense of control, postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder and emotional adjustment to motherhood in adult survivors of childhood maltreatment.
Adjustment to Motherhood
Adverse childhood experiences
Dissociation
Peritraumatic reactions
Postpartum PTSD
Journal
Archives of women's mental health
ISSN: 1435-1102
Titre abrégé: Arch Womens Ment Health
Pays: Austria
ID NLM: 9815663
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
18 Oct 2023
18 Oct 2023
Historique:
received:
25
06
2023
accepted:
07
10
2023
medline:
18
10
2023
pubmed:
18
10
2023
entrez:
18
10
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Survivors of childhood maltreatment (CM) may experience difficulties in the peripartum period and in adjustment to motherhood. In this study we examined a model wherein CM is associated with maternal self-efficacy and maternal bonding three months postpartum, through mediation of peripartum dissociation and reduced sense of control during childbirth and postpartum-posttraumatic-stress disorder (P-PTSD). Women were recruited in a maternity ward within 48 h of childbirth (T1, N = 440), and contacted three-months postpartum (T2, N = 295). Participants completed self-report questionnaires: peripartum dissociation, sense of control (T1), and CM, P-PTSD, postpartum-depression, maternal self-efficacy and bonding (T2). Obstetrical data were collected from medical files. Structural equation modeling was conducted to test the hypothesized model, controlling for mode of delivery and postpartum-depression. Reported CM included child emotional neglect (CEN; 23.5%), child emotional abuse (CEA; 16.3%), child sexual abuse (CSA; 12.9%) and child physical abuse (CPA; 7.1%). CM was positively associated with peripartum dissociation and P-PTSD (p < .001). Peripartum dissociation was positively associated with P-PTSD (p < .001). P-PTSD was negatively associated with maternal self-efficacy (p < .001) and maternal bonding (p < .001). Association between CM and maternal self-efficacy and bonding was serially mediated by peripartum dissociation and P-PTSD, but not by sense of control. Findings remained significant after controlling for mode of delivery and postpartum-depression. CM is a risk factor for adjustment to motherhood, owing to its effects on peripartum dissociation and P-PTSD. Implementation of a trauma-informed approach in obstetric care and recognition of peripartum dissociative reactions are warranted.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37851078
doi: 10.1007/s00737-023-01379-0
pii: 10.1007/s00737-023-01379-0
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.
Références
Adewuya AO, Ologun YA, Ibigbami OS (2006) Post-traumatic stress disorder after childbirth in Nigerian women: prevalence and risk factors. BJOG 113(3):284–288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00861.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00861.x
pubmed: 16487199
Arens AM, Gaher RM, Simons JS, Dvorak RD (2014) Child Maltreatment and Deliberate Self-Harm: A Negative Binomial Hurdle Model for Explanatory Constructs. Child Maltreat. 19:168–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559514548315
doi: 10.1177/1077559514548315
pubmed: 25189325
Ayers S (2004) Delivery as a traumatic event: Prevalence, risk factors, and treatment for postnatal posttraumatic stress disorder. Clin Obstet Gynecol 47:552–567. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.grf.0000129919.00756.9c
doi: 10.1097/01.grf.0000129919.00756.9c
pubmed: 15326418
Ayers S, Bond R, Bertullies S, Wijma K (2016) The aetiology of post-traumatic stress following childbirth: a meta-analysis and theoretical framework. Psychol Med 46:1121–1134. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715002706
doi: 10.1017/S0033291715002706
pubmed: 26878223
Banyard VL, LaPlant LE (2002) Exploring links between childhood maltreatment and empowerment. J Community Psychol 30:687–707. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.10026
doi: 10.1002/jcop.10026
Bernstein DP, Stein JA, Newcomb MD et al (2003) Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse Negl 27:169–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00541-0
doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00541-0
pubmed: 12615092
Berry KM, Rutledge CM (2016) Factors that influence women to disclose sexual assault history to health care providers. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 45(4):553–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2016.04.0
doi: 10.1016/j.jogn.2016.04.0
pubmed: 27238901
Blevins CA, Weathers FW, Davis MT, Witte TK, Domino JL (2015) The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation. J Trauma Stress 28:489–498. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22059
doi: 10.1002/jts.22059
pubmed: 26606250
Bovin MJ, Marx BP, Weathers FW et al (2016) Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition (PCL-5) in veterans. Psychol Assess 28:1379–1391. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000254
doi: 10.1037/pas0000254
pubmed: 26653052
Brenner I, Ben-Amitay G (2015) Sexual revictimization: the impact of attachment anxiety, accumulated trauma, and response to childhood sexual abuse disclosure. Violence Vict 30(1):49–65. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00098
doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00098
pubmed: 25774414
Carter J, Bick D, Gallacher D, Chang YS (2022) Mode of birth and development of maternal postnatal post-traumatic stress disorder: a mixed-methods systematic review and meta-analysis. Birth 49:616–627. https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12649
doi: 10.1111/birt.12649
pubmed: 35561055
pmcid: 9790679
Chamberlain C, Ralph N, Hokke S et al (2019) Healing The Past By Nurturing The Future: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis of pregnancy, birth and early postpartum experiences and views of parents with a history of childhood maltreatment. PLoS ONE 14(12):e0225441. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225441
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225441
pubmed: 31834894
pmcid: 6910698
Choi KR, Seng JS (2016) Predisposing and precipitating factors for dissociation during labor in a cohort study of posttraumatic stress disorder and childbearing outcomes. J Midwifery Womens Health 61:68–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.12364
doi: 10.1111/jmwh.12364
pubmed: 26774007
pmcid: 4733393
Christie H, Talmon A, Schäfer SK et al (2018) The transition to parenthood following a history of childhood maltreatment: a review of the literature on prospective and new parents’ experiences. Eur J Psychotraumatol 8(Suppl 7):1492834. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1492834
doi: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1492834
pubmed: 33488997
pmcid: 7803084
Cook N, Ayers S, Horsch A (2018) Maternal posttraumatic stress disorder during the perinatal period and child outcomes: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 225:18–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.045
doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.045
pubmed: 28777972
Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R (1987) Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10-item edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Br J Psychiatry 150:782–786. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.6.782
doi: 10.1192/bjp.150.6.782
pubmed: 3651732
Cronin-Fisher V, Timmerman LM (2022) Redefining “healthy mom, healthy baby”: making sense of traumatic birth stories through relational dialectics theory. West J Commun 87:1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2022.2118548
doi: 10.1080/10570314.2022.2118548
Czarnocka J, Slade P (2000) Prevalence and predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth. Br J Clin Psychol 39:35–51. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466500163095
doi: 10.1348/014466500163095
pubmed: 10789027
Dekel S, Stuebe C, Dishy G (2017) Childbirth induced posttraumatic stress syndrome: a systematic review of prevalence and risk factors. Front Psychol 8:560. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00560
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00560
pubmed: 28443054
pmcid: 5387093
Do HP, Vo TV, Murray L et al (2022) The influence of childhood abuse and prenatal intimate partner violence on childbirth experiences and breastfeeding outcomes. Child Abuse Negl 131:105743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105743
doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105743
pubmed: 35738070
Elmir R, Schmied V, Wilkes L, Jackson D (2010) Women’s perceptions and experiences of a traumatic birth: a meta-ethnography: women’s perceptions and experiences of a traumatic birth. J Adv Nurs 66:2142–2153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05391.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05391.x
pubmed: 20636467
Ertan D, Hingray C, Burlacu E, Sterlé A, El-Hage W (2021) Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth. BMC Psychiatry 21:155. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03158-6
doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03158-6
pubmed: 33726703
pmcid: 7962315
Finkelhor D, Turner HA, Shattuck A, Hamby SL (2015) Prevalence of childhood exposure to violence, crime, and abuse: results from the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence. JAMA Pediatr 169:746–754. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676
doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0676
pubmed: 26121291
Friedman LS, Samet JH, Roberts MS, Hudlin M, Hans P (1992) Inquiry about victimization experiences. A survey of patient preferences and physician practices. Arch Intern Med 152(6):1186–1190. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.152.6.1186
doi: 10.1001/archinte.152.6.1186
pubmed: 1599346
Garthus-Niegel S, Ayers S, Martini J, von Soest T, Eberhard-Gran M (2017) The impact of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms on child development: a population-based, 2-year follow-up study. Psychol Med 47:161–170. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171600235X
doi: 10.1017/S003329171600235X
pubmed: 27682188
Glasser S, Barell V, Shoham A et al (1998) Prospective study of postpartum depression in an Israeli cohort: prevalence, incidence and demographic risk factors. J J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 19(3):155–164. https://doi.org/10.3109/01674829809025693
doi: 10.3109/01674829809025693
pubmed: 9844846
Goutaudier N, Séjourné N, Rousset C, Lami C, Chabrol H (2012) Negative emotions, childbirth pain, perinatal dissociation and self-efficacy as predictors of postpartum posttraumatic stress symptoms. J Reprod Infant Psychol 30:352–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2012.738415
doi: 10.1080/02646838.2012.738415
Greene CA, Haisley L, Wallace C, Ford JD (2020) Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: a systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence. Clin Psychol Rev 80:101891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101891
doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101891
pubmed: 32745835
pmcid: 7476782
Grekin R, O’Hara MW (2014) Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 34:389–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.05.003
doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.05.003
pubmed: 24952134
Hodnett ED, Simmons-Tropea DA (1987) The labour agentry scale: psychometric properties of an instrument measuring control during childbirth. Res Nurs Health 10:301–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770100503
doi: 10.1002/nur.4770100503
pubmed: 3671777
Horesh D, Nukrian M, Bialik Y (2018) To lose an unborn child: post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder following pregnancy loss among Israeli women. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 53:95–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.02.003
doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.02.003
pubmed: 29934032
Hu LT, Bentler PM (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling 6(1):1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
Johanson R (2002) Has the medicalisation of childbirth gone too far? BMJ 324:892–895. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.324.7342.892
doi: 10.1136/bmj.324.7342.892
pubmed: 11950741
pmcid: 1122835
Kestler-Peleg M, Shamir-Dardikman M, Hermoni D, Ginzburg K (2015) Breastfeeding motivation and self-determination theory. Soc Sci Med 144:19–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.09.006
doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.09.006
pubmed: 26372935
Kline RB (1998) Software Review: Software programs for structural equation modeling: amos, EQS, and LISREL. J Psychoeduc Assess 16:343–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/073428299801600407
doi: 10.1177/073428299801600407
Leeners B, Görres G, Block E, Hengartner MP (2016) Birth experiences in adult women with a history of childhood sexual abuse. J Psychosom Res 83:27–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.02.006
doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.02.006
pubmed: 27020073
Lev-Wiesel R, Daphna-Tekoah S (2010) The role of peripartum dissociation as a predictor of posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth in Israeli Jewish women. J Trauma Dissociation 11:266–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299731003780887
doi: 10.1080/15299731003780887
pubmed: 20603762
Lev-Wiesel R, Chen R, Daphna-Tekoah S, Hod M (2009a) Past traumatic events: are they a risk factor for high-risk pregnancy, delivery complications, and postpartum posttraumatic symptoms? J Womens Health 18:119–125. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2008.0774
doi: 10.1089/jwh.2008.0774
Lev-Wiesel R, Daphna-Tekoah S, Hallak M (2009b) Childhood sexual abuse as a predictor of birth-related posttraumatic stress and postpartum posttraumatic stress. Child Abuse Negl 33:877–887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.05.004
doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.05.004
pubmed: 19900704
Little RJA (1988) A test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values. J Am Stat Assoc 83:1198–1202. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1988.10478722
doi: 10.1080/01621459.1988.10478722
MacDonald K, Thomas ML, Sciolla AF et al (2016) Minimization of childhood maltreatment Is common and consequential: results from a large, multinational sample using the childhood trauma questionnaire. PLoS ONE 11:e0146058. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146058
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146058
pubmed: 26815788
pmcid: 4729672
Martini J, Asselmann E, Weidner K, Knappe S, Rosendahl J, Garthus-Niegel S (2022) Prospective associations of lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder and birth-related traumatization with maternal and infant outcomes. Front Psychiatry 13:842410. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.842410
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.842410
pubmed: 35935439
pmcid: 9353307
Millar HC, Lorber S, Vandermorris A et al (2021) “No, You Need to Explain What You Are Doing”: Obstetric care experiences and preferences of adolescent mothers with a history of childhood trauma. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 34(4):538–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2021.01.006
doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.01.006
pubmed: 33535100
Montgomery E (2013) Feeling safe: a metasynthesis of the maternity care needs of women who were sexually abused in childhood. Birth 40(2):88–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/birt.12043
doi: 10.1111/birt.12043
pubmed: 24635462
Morris KL, Goldenberg JL, Heflick NA (2014) Trio of terror (pregnancy, menstruation, and breastfeeding): an existential function of literal self-objectification among women. J Pers Soc Psychol 107:181–198. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036493
doi: 10.1037/a0036493
pubmed: 24956319
Muzik M, Bocknek EL, Broderick A et al (2013) Mother–infant bonding impairment across the first 6 months postpartum: the primacy of psychopathology in women with childhood abuse and neglect histories. Arch Womens Ment Health 16:29–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-012-0312-0
doi: 10.1007/s00737-012-0312-0
pubmed: 23064898
Muzik M, Morelen D, Hruschak J, Rosenblum KL, Bocknek E, Beeghly M (2017) Psychopathology and parenting: an examination of perceived and observed parenting in mothers with depression and PTSD. J Affect Disord 207:242–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.035
doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.035
pubmed: 27732922
O’Boyle EH Jr, Williams LJ (2011) Decomposing model fit: measurement vs. theory in organizational research using latent variables. J Appl Psychol 96:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020539
doi: 10.1037/a0020539
pubmed: 20718518
O’Donovan A, Alcorn KL, Patrick JC, Creedy DK, Dawe S, Devilly GJ (2014) Predicting posttraumatic stress disorder after childbirth. Midwifery 30:935–941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2014.03.011
doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2014.03.011
pubmed: 24793491
Oh W, Muzik M, McGinnis EW, Hamilton L, Menke RA, Rosenblum KL (2016) Comorbid trajectories of postpartum depression and PTSD among mothers with childhood trauma history: course, predictors, processes and child adjustment. J Affect Disord 200:133–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.037
doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.037
pubmed: 27131504
pmcid: 4887316
Olde E, van der Hart O, Kleber RJ, van Son MJ, Wijnen HA, Pop VJ (2005) Peritraumatic dissociation and emotions as predictors of PTSD symptoms following childbirth. J Trauma Dissociation 6:125–142. https://doi.org/10.1300/J229v06n03_06
doi: 10.1300/J229v06n03_06
pubmed: 16172085
Ozer EJ, Best SR, Lipsey TL, Weiss DS (2003) Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 129:52–73. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.52
doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.52
pubmed: 12555794
Paivio SC, Cramer KM (2004) Factor structure and reliability of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire in a Canadian undergraduate student sample. Child Abuse Negl 28:889–904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.011
doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.011
pubmed: 15350772
Reiger K, Dempsey R (2006) Performing birth in a culture of fear: an embodied crisis of late modernity. Health Sociol Rev 15:364–373. https://doi.org/10.5172/hesr.2006.15.4.364
doi: 10.5172/hesr.2006.15.4.364
Rubin LR, Steinberg JR (2011) Self-objectification and pregnancy: are body functionality dimensions protective? Sex Roles 65:606–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-011-9955-y
doi: 10.1007/s11199-011-9955-y
Sar V (2011) Epidemiology of dissociative disorders: an overview. Epidemiol Res Int Article ID 404538. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/404538
Seng JS, Sperlich M, Low LK, Ronis DL, Muzik M, Liberzon I (2013) Childhood abuse history, posttraumatic stress disorder, postpartum mental health, and bonding: a prospective cohort study. J Midwifery Womens Health 58:57–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-2011.2012.00237.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1542-2011.2012.00237.x
pubmed: 23374491
pmcid: 3564506
Sexton MB, Hamilton L, McGinnis EW, Rosenblum KL, Muzik M (2015) The roles of resilience and childhood trauma history: main and moderating effects on postpartum maternal mental health and functioning. J Affect Disord 174:562–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.036
doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.036
pubmed: 25560192
Shalev AY, Peri T, Canetti L, Schreiber S (1996) Predictors of PTSD in injured trauma survivors: a prospective study. Am J Psychiatry 153:219–225. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.2.219
doi: 10.1176/ajp.153.2.219
pubmed: 8561202
Soet JE, Brack GA, DiIorio C (2003) Prevalence and predictors of women’s experience of psychological trauma during childbirth. Birth 30:36–46. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-536X.2003.00215.x
doi: 10.1046/j.1523-536X.2003.00215.x
pubmed: 12581038
Stoltenborgh M, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Alink LRA, van IJzendoorn MH (2015) The prevalence of child maltreatment across the globe: review of a series of meta-analyses. Child Abuse Rev 24:37–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2353
doi: 10.1002/car.2353
Taylor A, Atkins R, Kumar R, Adams D, Glove V (2005) A new Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale: links with early maternal mood. Arch Women’s Ment Health 8:45–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-005-0074-z
doi: 10.1007/s00737-005-0074-z
Thiel F, Dekel S (2020) Peritraumatic dissociation in childbirth-evoked posttraumatic stress and postpartum mental health. Arch Womens Ment Health 23:189–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-019-00978-0
doi: 10.1007/s00737-019-00978-0
pubmed: 31115689
Van Sieleghem S, Danckaerts M, Rieken R et al (2022) Childbirth related PTSD and its association with infant outcome: a systematic review. Early Hum Dev 174:105667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105667
doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105667
pubmed: 36152399
Vossbeck-Elsebusch AN, Freisfeld C, Ehring T (2014) Predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth. BMC Psychiatry 14:200. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-200
doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-14-200
pubmed: 25026966
pmcid: 4223528
Williams K, Moehler E, Kaess M, Resch F, Fuchs A (2022) Dissociation links maternal history of childhood abuse to impaired parenting. J Trauma Dissociation 23(1):37–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2021.1934938
doi: 10.1080/15299732.2021.1934938
pubmed: 34185634