Ongoing diversification of the global fish pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis through genetic isolation and transposition bursts.
Journal
The ISME journal
ISSN: 1751-7370
Titre abrégé: ISME J
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101301086
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Dec 2023
Dec 2023
Historique:
received:
12
04
2023
accepted:
02
10
2023
revised:
28
09
2023
medline:
4
12
2023
pubmed:
19
10
2023
entrez:
18
10
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The management of bacterial pathogens remains a key challenge of aquaculture. The marine gammaproteobacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis is the etiological agent of piscirickettsiosis and causes multi-systemic infections in different salmon species, resulting in considerable mortality and substantial commercial losses. Here, we elucidate its global diversity, evolution, and selection during human interventions. Our comprehensive analysis of 73 closed, high quality genome sequences covered strains from major outbreaks and was supplemented by an analysis of all P. salmonis 16S rRNA gene sequences and metagenomic reads available in public databases. Genome comparison showed that Piscirickettsia comprises at least three distinct, genetically isolated species of which two showed evidence for continuing speciation. However, at least twice the number of species exist in marine fish or seawater. A hallmark of Piscirickettsia diversification is the unprecedented amount and diversity of transposases which are particularly active in subgroups undergoing rapid speciation and are key to the acquisition of novel genes and to pseudogenization. Several group-specific genes are involved in surface antigen synthesis and may explain the differences in virulence between strains. However, the frequent failure of antibiotic treatment of piscirickettsiosis outbreaks cannot be explained by horizontal acquisition of resistance genes which so far occurred only very rarely. Besides revealing a dynamic diversification of an important pathogen, our study also provides the data for improving its surveillance, predicting the emergence of novel lineages, and adapting aquaculture management, and thereby contributes towards the sustainability of salmon farming.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37853183
doi: 10.1038/s41396-023-01531-9
pii: 10.1038/s41396-023-01531-9
pmc: PMC10689435
doi:
Substances chimiques
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2247-2258Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
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