Review of Analytical Methods for Evaluating Azithromycin in the Context of Green Analytical Chemistry.
Azithromycin
analytical methods
antimicrobial.
environmentally friendly method
green analytical chemistry
quality control
Journal
Current pharmaceutical design
ISSN: 1873-4286
Titre abrégé: Curr Pharm Des
Pays: United Arab Emirates
ID NLM: 9602487
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
received:
11
07
2023
accepted:
14
09
2023
medline:
22
11
2023
pubmed:
20
10
2023
entrez:
20
10
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Azithromycin (AZT) is an antimicrobial available in different pharmaceutical forms and many people can have access to this medicine. Therefore, the existence of adequate and reliable analytical methods for evaluating the quality of AZT and AZT-based products is essential. The purpose of this review is to discuss the analytical methods for evaluating AZT present in the literature and official compendia in the context of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC). Among the methods found in the literature for evaluating AZT, the most used method is HPLC (62%) followed by TLC (14%) and the microbiological method by agar diffusion (14%). Even pharmacopoeias recommend the analysis of AZT by HPLC or agar diffusion. Acetonitrile and methanol account for 35% of the most used solvents in the analyses, followed by buffer. AZT lacks analytical methods in the context of GAC. Both physical-chemical and microbiological methods can contemplate the environmentally friendly way to analyze AZT and AZT-based products, depending only on the chosen conditions. Ethanol, purified water, acetic acid instead of methanol, acetonitrile, buffer, formic acid in the physical-chemical methods are excellent alternatives. However, in the microbiological method, turbidimetry is a great option instead of agar diffusion.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Azithromycin (AZT) is an antimicrobial available in different pharmaceutical forms and many people can have access to this medicine. Therefore, the existence of adequate and reliable analytical methods for evaluating the quality of AZT and AZT-based products is essential.
OBJECTIVE/METHODS
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this review is to discuss the analytical methods for evaluating AZT present in the literature and official compendia in the context of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC).
RESULTS
RESULTS
Among the methods found in the literature for evaluating AZT, the most used method is HPLC (62%) followed by TLC (14%) and the microbiological method by agar diffusion (14%). Even pharmacopoeias recommend the analysis of AZT by HPLC or agar diffusion. Acetonitrile and methanol account for 35% of the most used solvents in the analyses, followed by buffer.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
AZT lacks analytical methods in the context of GAC. Both physical-chemical and microbiological methods can contemplate the environmentally friendly way to analyze AZT and AZT-based products, depending only on the chosen conditions. Ethanol, purified water, acetic acid instead of methanol, acetonitrile, buffer, formic acid in the physical-chemical methods are excellent alternatives. However, in the microbiological method, turbidimetry is a great option instead of agar diffusion.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37859323
pii: CPD-EPUB-135195
doi: 10.2174/0113816128271482231010053929
doi:
Substances chimiques
Azithromycin
83905-01-5
Methanol
Y4S76JWI15
Agar
9002-18-0
Anti-Infective Agents
0
Acetonitriles
0
Types de publication
Review
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2369-2376Informations de copyright
Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.