Impact of manual toothbrush design on plaque removal efficacy.
Dental plaque
Filaments
Manual toothbrush
Toothbrushing
Journal
BMC oral health
ISSN: 1472-6831
Titre abrégé: BMC Oral Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101088684
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
25 10 2023
25 10 2023
Historique:
received:
22
02
2023
accepted:
10
10
2023
medline:
27
10
2023
pubmed:
26
10
2023
entrez:
25
10
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Effective dental plaque removal is essential for oral health. Different toothbrush parameters including head-size, filament-diameter and interdent-height and different brushing movements like horizontal, rotating and vertical may affect plaque removal efficacy. The purpose of the study was to examine plaque removal efficacy of different design parameters of manual toothbrushes. Eight manual toothbrushes were tested using a validated robot test to examine efficacy of toothbrush on replicated human teeth. Characteristics tested were: (i) head-size, (ii) filament-diameter, (iii) cutting-height, (iv) hardness, (v) interdental-height. Each test ran five times in horizontal, rotating, vertical movements. Simulated Plaque removal was evaluated using automated plaque planimetry: 30 fields/tooth, 13 areas representing buccal, lingual, proximal tooth sites. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov-test was applied to test tooth surface variables for normal distribution of plaque removal values. Parameters were analysed by independent two-sample t-test to assess mean differences. Where null hypothesis of normality was rejected, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-U-test was used. Plaque removal was significantly better with toothbrush having smaller head-size (compact vs. full-size); smaller filament-diameter (0.12 mm vs. 0.15 mm); larger cutting-height (12 mm vs. 9 mm); softer filaments (0.15 or 0.18 mm vs. 0.23 mm) and greater interdent-height difference (8.5/11 mm vs. 10/11 mm). Manual brushes allowing filaments free to flex with longer, softer and/or having a difference in filament length overall removed significantly more simulated plaque as compared to more standard flat trim, stiff brushes with shorter, harder bristles and a larger head size. While limited by the in vitro nature of the study design, this indicates that the advances in toothbrush design can further enhance plaque removal.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Effective dental plaque removal is essential for oral health. Different toothbrush parameters including head-size, filament-diameter and interdent-height and different brushing movements like horizontal, rotating and vertical may affect plaque removal efficacy. The purpose of the study was to examine plaque removal efficacy of different design parameters of manual toothbrushes.
METHODS
Eight manual toothbrushes were tested using a validated robot test to examine efficacy of toothbrush on replicated human teeth. Characteristics tested were: (i) head-size, (ii) filament-diameter, (iii) cutting-height, (iv) hardness, (v) interdental-height. Each test ran five times in horizontal, rotating, vertical movements. Simulated Plaque removal was evaluated using automated plaque planimetry: 30 fields/tooth, 13 areas representing buccal, lingual, proximal tooth sites. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov-test was applied to test tooth surface variables for normal distribution of plaque removal values. Parameters were analysed by independent two-sample t-test to assess mean differences. Where null hypothesis of normality was rejected, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-U-test was used.
RESULTS
Plaque removal was significantly better with toothbrush having smaller head-size (compact vs. full-size); smaller filament-diameter (0.12 mm vs. 0.15 mm); larger cutting-height (12 mm vs. 9 mm); softer filaments (0.15 or 0.18 mm vs. 0.23 mm) and greater interdent-height difference (8.5/11 mm vs. 10/11 mm).
CONCLUSIONS
Manual brushes allowing filaments free to flex with longer, softer and/or having a difference in filament length overall removed significantly more simulated plaque as compared to more standard flat trim, stiff brushes with shorter, harder bristles and a larger head size. While limited by the in vitro nature of the study design, this indicates that the advances in toothbrush design can further enhance plaque removal.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37880662
doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03518-6
pii: 10.1186/s12903-023-03518-6
pmc: PMC10601269
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
796Informations de copyright
© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
Références
J Clin Dent. 2003;14(1):19-22
pubmed: 12619266
BMC Oral Health. 2022 Jun 8;22(1):225
pubmed: 35676648
J Clin Periodontol. 1998 May;25(5):413-6
pubmed: 9650879
Int Dent J. 2005;55(4 Suppl 1):277-84
pubmed: 16167606
Dent J (Basel). 2020 Feb 05;8(1):
pubmed: 32033270
BMC Oral Health. 2014 Jul 04;14:82
pubmed: 24996973
J Dent Hyg. 2009 Summer;83(3):111-6
pubmed: 19723429
J Clin Periodontol. 2015 Apr;42 Suppl 16:S12-35
pubmed: 25495962
Quintessence Int. 1997 Sep;28(9):573-93
pubmed: 9477873
J Prosthet Dent. 2008 Jul;100(1):1-10
pubmed: 18589068
Int J Dent Hyg. 2018 Feb;16(1):3-12
pubmed: 28173609
Int J Dent Hyg. 2003 May;1(2):110-4
pubmed: 16451532
Caries Res. 2000 Mar-Apr;34(2):182-7
pubmed: 10773637
J Clin Dent. 2010;21(1):8-12
pubmed: 20527506
J Dent. 2007 Jul;35(7):614-22
pubmed: 17544560
J Clin Periodontol. 2015 Apr;42 Suppl 16:S77-91
pubmed: 25597787
Periodontol 2000. 2016 Jun;71(1):65-81
pubmed: 27045431