Advancements in Preprocessing and Analysis of Nitrite and Nitrate since 2010 in Biological Samples: A Review.
analytical methods
biological samples
nitrate
nitrite
sample treatment
Journal
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
ISSN: 1420-3049
Titre abrégé: Molecules
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 100964009
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
17 Oct 2023
17 Oct 2023
Historique:
received:
12
09
2023
revised:
10
10
2023
accepted:
12
10
2023
medline:
30
10
2023
pubmed:
28
10
2023
entrez:
28
10
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
As a substance present in organisms, nitrite is a metabolite of nitric oxide and can also be ingested. Nitrate is the metabolite of nitrite. Therefore, it is necessary to measure it quickly, easily and accurately to evaluate the health status of humans. Although there have been several reviews on analytical methods for non-biological samples, there have been no reviews focused on both sample preparation and analytical methods for biological samples. First, rapid and accurate nitrite measurement has significant effects on human health. Second, the detection of nitrite in biological samples is problematic due to its very low concentration and matrix interferences. Therefore, the pretreatment plus measuring methods for nitrite and nitrate obtained from biological samples since 2010 are summarized in the present review, and their prospects for the future are proposed. The treatment methods include liquid-liquid microextraction, various derivatization reactions, liquid-liquid extraction, protein precipitation, solid phase extraction, and cloud point extraction. Analytical methods include spectroscopic methods, paper-based analytical devices, ion chromatography, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, electrochemical methods, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. Derivatization reagents with rapid quantitative reactions and advanced extraction methods with high enrichment efficiency are also included. Nitrate and nitrate should be determined at the same time by the same analytical method. In addition, much exploration has been performed on formulating fast testing through microfluidic technology. In this review, the newest developments in nitrite and nitrate processing are a focus in addition to novel techniques employed in such analyses.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37894601
pii: molecules28207122
doi: 10.3390/molecules28207122
pmc: PMC10609401
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Nitrates
0
Nitrites
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province
ID : 2021-MS-203
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