Amyloid-beta and tau protein beyond Alzheimer's disease.
Journal
Neural regeneration research
ISSN: 1673-5374
Titre abrégé: Neural Regen Res
Pays: India
ID NLM: 101316351
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 Jun 2024
01 Jun 2024
Historique:
received:
04
06
2023
accepted:
07
09
2023
medline:
31
10
2023
pubmed:
31
10
2023
entrez:
31
10
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein dysregulation are implicated to play key roles in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and are considered the main pathological hallmarks of this devastating disease. Physiologically, these two proteins are produced and expressed within the normal human body. However, under pathological conditions, abnormal expression, post-translational modifications, conformational changes, and truncation can make these proteins prone to aggregation, triggering specific disease-related cascades. Recent studies have indicated associations between aberrant behavior of amyloid-beta and tau proteins and various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as retinal neurodegenerative diseases like Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Additionally, these proteins have been linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, traumatic brain injury, and diabetes, which are all leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the connections between amyloid-beta and tau proteins and a spectrum of disorders.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37905874
doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.386406
pii: 01300535-202406000-00029
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
1262-1276Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Neural Regeneration Research.
Références
Abyadeh M, Meyfour A, Gupta V, Zabet Moghaddam M, Fitzhenry MJ, Shahbazian S, Hosseini Salekdeh G, Mirzaei M. (2020). Recent advances of functional proteomics in gastrointestinal cancers-a path towards the identification of candidate diagnostic prognostic and therapeutic molecular biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 21:8532.
Abyadeh M, Gupta V, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Wu Y, Saks D, Wander Wall R, Fitzhenry MJ, Basavarajappa D, You Y. (2021). Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease-a proteomics perspective. Expert Rev Proteomics 18:295–304.
Abyadeh M, Tofigh N, Hosseinian S, Hasan M, Amirkhani A, Fitzhenry MJ, Gupta V, Chitranshi N, Salekdeh GH, Haynes PA. (2022). Key genes and biochemical networks in various brain regions affected in Alzheimer's disease. Cells 11:987.
Abyadeh M, Yadav V, Kaya A. (2023a). Common molecular signatures between coronavirus infection and Alzheimer's disease reveal targets for drug development. bioRxiv doi:10.1101/2023.06.14.544970.
doi: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544970
Abyadeh M, Gupta V, Paulo JA, Sheriff S, Shadfar S, Fitzhenry M, Amirkhani A, Gupta V, Salekdeh GH, Haynes PA, Graham SL, Mirzaei M. (2023b). Apolipoprotein εin brain and retinal neurodegenerative diseases. Aging Dis 14:1311–1330.
Acosta SA, Tajiri N, Sanberg PR, Kaneko Y, Borlongan CV. (2017). Increased amyloid precursor protein and tau expression manifests as key secondary cell death in chronic traumatic brain injury. J Cell Physiol 232:665–677.
Albayram O, Kondo A, Mannix R, Smith C, Tsai CY, Li C, Herbert MK, Qiu J, Monuteaux M, Driver J. (2017). Cis P-tau is induced in clinical and preclinical brain injury and contributes to post-injury sequelae. Nat Commun 8:1000.
Allison K, Patel D, Alabi O. (2020). Epidemiology of glaucoma:the past present and predictions for the future. Cureus 12:e11686.
Anderson J, Hampton D, Patani R, Pryce G, Crowther R, Reynolds R, Franklin R, Giovannoni G, Compston D, Baker D. (2008). Abnormally phosphorylated tau is associated with neuronal and axonal loss in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Brain 131:1736–1748.
Andriessen TM, Jacobs B, Vos PE. (2010). Clinical characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms of focal and diffuse traumatic brain injury. J Cell Mol Med 14:2381–2392.
Antonarakis SE, Skotko BG, Rafii MS, Strydom A, Pape SE, Bianchi DW, Sherman SL, Reeves RH. (2020). Down syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers 6:9.
Arai T, Hasegawa M, Akiyama H, Ikeda K, Nonaka T, Mori H, Mann D, Tsuchiya K, Yoshida M, Hashizume Y, Oda T. (2006). TDP-43 is a component of ubiquitin-positive tau-negative inclusions in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 351:602–611.
Arvanitakis Z, Wilson RS, Bienias JL, Evans DA, Bennett DA. (2004). Diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer disease and decline in cognitive function. Arch Neurol 61:661–666.
Arya M, Sabrosa AS, Duker JS, Waheed NK. (2018). Choriocapillaris changes in dry age-related macular degeneration and geographic atrophy:a review. Eye Vis 5:22.
Ashok A, Singh N, Chaudhary S, Bellamkonda V, Kritikos AE, Wise AS, Rana N, McDonald D, Ayyagari R. (2020). Retinal degeneration and Alzheimer's disease:an evolving link. Int J Mol Sci 21:7290.
Attems J, Jellinger KA. (2014). The overlap between vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease-lessons from pathology. BMC Med 12:206.
Augutis K, Axelsson M, Portelius E, Brinkmalm G, Andreasson U, Gustavsson MK, Malmeström C, Lycke J, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. (2013). Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of β-amyloid metabolism in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 19:543–552.
Auriel E, Greenberg SM. (2012). The pathophysiology and clinical presentation of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Curr Atheroscler Rep 14:343–350.
Ayaydın H, Kirmit A, Çelik H, Akaltun İ, Koyuncu İ, Ulgar ŞB. (2020). High serum levels of serum 100 beta protein neuron-specific enolase. Tau active caspase-3 M30 and M65 in children with autism spectrum disorders. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 18:270–278.
Bäckström DC, Domellöf ME, Linder J, Olsson B, Öhrfelt A, Trupp M, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Forsgren L. (2015). Cerebrospinal fluid patterns and the risk of future dementia in early incident. Parkinson disease. JAMA Neurol 72:1175–1182.
Bandmann O, Weiss KH, Kaler SG. (2015). Wilson's disease and other neurological copper disorders. Lancet Neurol 14:103–113.
Bao H, Liu Y, Zhang M, Chen Z, Zhang W, Ge Y, Kang D, Gao F, Shen Y. (2021). Increased β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1-mediated insulin receptor cleavage in type 2 diabetes mellitus with cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 17:1097–1108.
Baquero MT, Lostritto K, Gustavson MD, Bassi KA, Appia F, Camp RL, Molinaro AM, Harris LN, Rimm DL. (2011). Evaluation of prognostic and predictive value of microtubule associated protein tau in two independent cohorts. Breast Cancer Res 13:R85.
Barbier P, Zejneli O, Martinho M, Lasorsa A, Belle V, Smet-Nocca C, Tsvetkov PO, Devred F, Landrieu I. (2019). Role of tau as a microtubule-associated protein:structural and functional aspects. Front Aging Neurosci 11:204.
Barón-Mendoza I, García O, Calvo-Ochoa E, Rebollar-García JO, Garzón-Cortés D, Haro R, González-Arenas A. (2018). Alterations in neuronal cytoskeletal and astrocytic proteins content in the brain of the autistic-like mouse strain C58/J. Neurosci Lett 682:32–38.
Barron MR, Gartlon J, Dawson LA, Atkinson PJ, Pardon MC. (2020). Increasing Tau 4R Tau levels exacerbates hippocampal Tau hyperphosphorylation in the hTau model of tauopathy but also Tau dephosphorylation following acute systemic inflammation. Front Immunol 11:293.
Bassil F, Brown HJ, Pattabhiraman S, Iwasyk JE, Maghames CM, Meymand ES, Cox TO, Riddle DM, Zhang B, Trojanowski JQ. (2020). Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques promote seeding and spreading of alpha-synuclein and tau in a mouse model of Lewy body disorders with Aβpathology. Neuron 105:260–275.
Bates GP, Dorsey R, Gusella JF, Hayden MR, Kay C, Leavitt BR, Nance M, Ross CA, Scahill RI, Wetzel R. (2015). Huntington disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 1:15005.
Baudouin C, Kolko M, Melik-Parsadaniantz S, Messmer EM. (2020). Inflammation in Glaucoma:from the back to the front of the eye and beyond. Prog Retin Eye Res 83:100916.
Bauman M. (1994). Neuroanatomic observations of the brain in autism. In:The neurobiology of autism Bauman ML, Kemper TL:119–145 Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press.
Bennett RE, Robbins AB, Hu M, Cao X, Betensky RA, Clark T, Das S, Hyman BT. (2018). Tau induces blood vessel abnormalities and angiogenesis-related gene expression in P301L transgenic mice and human Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:E1289–1298.
Berisha F, Feke GT, Trempe CL, McMeel JW, Schepens CL. (2007). Retinal abnormalities in early Alzheimer's disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48:2285–2289.
Betrie AH, Ayton S, Bush AI, Angus JA, Lei P, Wright CE. (2017). Evidence of a cardiovascular function for microtubule-associated protein tau. J Alzheimers Dis 56:849–860.
Biffi A, Greenberg SM. (2011). Cerebral amyloid angiopathy:a systematic review. J Clin Neurol 7:1–9.
Bird SM, Sohrabi HR, Sutton TA, Weinborn M, Rainey-Smith SR, Brown B, Patterson L, Taddei K, Gupta V, Carruthers M. (2016). Cerebral amyloid-βaccumulation and deposition following traumatic brain injury—a narrative review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 64:215–228.
Biron KE, Dickstein DL, Gopaul R, Jefferies WA. (2011). Amyloid triggers extensive cerebral angiogenesis causing blood brain barrier permeability and hypervascularity in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 6:e23789.
Blasko I, Beer R, Bigl M, Apelt J, Franz G, Rudzki D, Ransmayr G, Kampfl A, Schliebs R. (2004). Experimental traumatic brain injury in rats stimulates the expression production and activity of Alzheimer's disease β-secretase (BACE-1). J Neural Transm 111:523–536.
Blum D, Herrera F, Francelle L, Mendes T, Basquin M, Obriot H, Demeyer D, Sergeant N, Gerhardt E, Brouillet E. (2015). Mutant huntingtin alters Tau phosphorylation and subcellular distribution. Hum Mol Genet 24:76–85.
Bonda DJ, Lee HG, Camins A, Pallàs M, Casadesus G, Smith MA, Zhu X. (2011). The sirtuin pathway in ageing and Alzheimer disease:mechanistic and therapeutic considerations. Lancet Neurol 10:275–279.
Bras JM, Singleton A. (2009). Genetic susceptibility in Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 1792:597–603.
Brettschneider J, Maier M, Arda S, Claus A, Süssmuth S, Kassubek J, Tumani H. (2005). Tau protein level in cerebrospinal fluid is increased in patients with early multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 11:261–265.
Bruban J, Glotin AL, Dinet V, Chalour N, Sennlaub F, Jonet L, An N, Faussat AM, Mascarelli F. (2009). Amyloid-β(1-42) alters structure and function of retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Aging Cell 8:162–177.
Busciglio J, Pelsman A, Wong C, Pigino G, Yuan M, Mori H, Yankner BA. (2002). Altered metabolism of the amyloid βprecursor protein is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in Down's syndrome. Neuron 33:677–688.
Calingasan NY, Chen J, Kiaei M, Beal MF. (2005). β-amyloid 42 accumulation in the lumbar spinal cord motor neurons of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurobiol Dis 19:340–347.
Cameron DJ, Galvin C, Alkam T, Sidhu H, Ellison J, Luna S, Ethell DW. (2012). Alzheimer's-related peptide amyloid-βplays a conserved role in angiogenesis. PLoS One 7:e39598.
Canton J, Neculai D, Grinstein S. (2013). Scavenger receptors in homeostasis and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 13:621–634.
Cataldo AM, Peterhoff CM, Troncoso JC, Gomez-Isla T, Hyman BT, Nixon RA. (2000). Endocytic pathway abnormalities precede amyloid βdeposition in sporadic Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome:differential effects of APOE genotype and presenilin mutations. Am J Pathol 157:277–286.
Chan JW, Chan NC, Sadun AA. (2021). Glaucoma as neurodegeneration in the brain. Eye Brain 13:21–28.
Charidimou A, Boulouis G, Pasi M, Auriel E, van Etten ES, Haley K, Ayres A, Schwab KM, Martinez-Ramirez S, Goldstein JN. (2017). MRI-visible perivascular spaces in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and hypertensive arteriopathy. Neurology 88:1157–1164.
Chatterjee S, Mudher A. (2018). Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes:a critical assessment of the shared pathological traits. Front Neurosci 12:383.
Chen GF, Xu TH, Yan Y, Zhou YR, Jiang Y, Melcher K, Xu HE. (2017). Amyloid beta:structure biology and structure-based therapeutic development. Acta Pharmacol Sin 38:1205–1235.
Chen L, Bai Y, Zhao M, Jiang Y. (2016). TLR4 inhibitor attenuates amyloid-β-induced angiogenic and inflammatory factors in ARPE-19 cells:implications for age-related macular degeneration. Mol Med Rep 13:3249–3256.
Chen XH, Siman R, Iwata A, Meaney DF, Trojanowski JQ, Smith DH. (2004). Long-term accumulation of amyloid-β β-secretase presenilin-1 and caspase-3 in damaged axons following brain trauma. Am J Pathol 165:357–371.
Chen XH, Johnson VE, Uryu K, Trojanowski JQ, Smith DH. (2009). A lack of amyloid βplaques despite persistent accumulation of amyloid βin axons of long-term survivors of traumatic brain injury. Brain Pathol 19:214–223.
Chiasseu M, Vargas JLC, Destroismaisons L, Velde CV, Leclerc N, Di Polo A. (2016). Tau accumulation altered phosphorylation and missorting promote neurodegeneration in glaucoma. J Neurosci 36:5785–5798.
Chitranshi N, Kumar A, Sheriff S, Gupta V, Godinez A, Saks D, Sarkar S, Shen T, Mirzaei M, Basavarajappa D. (2021). Identification of novel cathepsin B inhibitors with implications in Alzheimer's disease:Computational refining and biochemical evaluation. Cells 10:1946.
Chornenkyy Y, Fardo DW, Nelson PT. (2019). Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies:kindred pathologic cascades and genetic pleiotropy. Lab Invest 99:993–1007.
Chou CC, Zhang Y, Umoh ME, Vaughan SW, Lorenzini I, Liu F, Sayegh M, Donlin-Asp PG, Chen YH, Duong DM, Seyfried NT, Powers MA, Kukar T, Hales CM, Gearing M, Cairns NJ, Boylan KB, Dickson DW, Rademakers R, Zhang YJ, et al. (2018). TDP-43 pathology disrupts nuclear pore complexes and nucleocytoplasmic transport in ALS/FTD. Nat Neurosci 21:228–239.
Chung DC, Roemer S, Petrucelli L, Dickson DW. (2021). Cellular and pathological heterogeneity of primary tauopathies. Mol Neurodegener 16:57.
Cisbani G, Maxan A, Kordower JH, Planel E, Freeman TB, Cicchetti F. (2017). Presence of tau pathology within foetal neural allografts in patients with Huntington's and Parkinson's disease. Brain 140:2982–2992.
Clavaguera F, Tolnay M, Goedert M. (2017). The prion-like behavior of assembled tau in transgenic mice. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 7:a024372.
Clinton LK, Blurton-Jones M, Myczek K, Trojanowski JQ, LaFerla FM. (2010). Synergistic interactions between Aβ tau and α-synuclein:acceleration of neuropathology and cognitive decline. J Neurosci 30:7281–7289.
Cohen O, Chapman J, Korczyn A, Warman-Alaluf N, Nitsan Z, Appel S, Kahana E, Rosenmann H. (2016). CSF tau correlates with CJD disease severity and cognitive decline. Acta Neurol Scand 133:119–123.
Craft S, Baker LD, Montine TJ, Minoshima S, Watson GS, Claxton A, Arbuckle M, Callaghan M, Tsai E, Plymate SR. (2012). Intranasal insulin therapy for Alzheimer disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment:a pilot clinical trial. Arch Neurol 69:29–38.
Craft S, Claxton A, Baker LD, Hanson AJ, Cholerton B, Trittschuh EH, Dahl D, Caulder E, Neth B, Montine TJ. (2017). Effects of regular and long-acting insulin on cognition and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers:a pilot clinical trial. J Alzheimers Dis 57:1325–1334.
Craft S, Raman R, Chow TW, Rafii MS, Sun C-K, Rissman RA, Donohue MC, Brewer JB, Jenkins C, Harless K. (2020). Safety efficacy and feasibility of intranasal insulin for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease dementia:a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol 77:1099–1109.
Credle JJ, George JL, Wills J, Duka V, Shah K, Lee YC, Rodriguez O, Simkins T, Winter M, Moechars D. (2015). GSK-3βdysregulation contributes to parkinson's-like pathophysiology with associated region-specific phosphorylation and accumulation of tau and α-synuclein. Cell Death Differ 22:838–851.
Criscuolo C, Cerri E, Fabiani C, Capsoni S, Cattaneo A, Domenici L. (2018). The retina as a window to early dysfunctions of Alzheimer's disease following studies with a 5xFAD mouse model. Neurobiol Aging 67:181–188.
d'Errico P, Meyer-Luehmann M. (2020). Mechanisms of pathogenic tau and Aβprotein spreading in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 12:265.
Dasari AK, Kayed R, Wi S, Lim KH. (2019). Tau interacts with the C-terminal region of α-synuclein promoting formation of toxic aggregates with distinct molecular conformations. Biochemistry 58:2814–2821.
Davis AA, Andruska KM, Benitez BA, Racette BA, Perlmutter JS, Cruchaga C. (2016). Variants in GBA, SNCA and MAPT influence Parkinson disease risk age at onset and progression. Neurobiol Aging 37:209.
Dawson HN, Cantillana V, Chen L, Vitek MP. (2007). The tau N279K exon 10 splicing mutation recapitulates frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 tauopathy in a mouse model. J Neurosci 27:9155–9168.
De Meyer GR, De Cleen DM, Cooper S, Knaapen MW, Jans DM, Martinet W, Herman AG, Bult H, Kockx MM. (2002). Platelet phagocytosis and processing of β-amyloid precursor protein as a mechanism of macrophage activation in atherosclerosis. Circ Res 90:1197–1204.
De Vos A, Bjerke M, Brouns R, De Roeck N, Jacobs D, Van den Abbeele L, Guldolf K, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Engelborghs S. (2017). Neurogranin and tau in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with acute ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol 17:170.
Debatin L, Streffer J, Geissen M, Matschke J, Aguzzi A, Glatzel M. (2008). Association between deposition of beta-amyloid and pathological prion protein in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurodegener Dis 5:347–354.
Delikkaya B, Moriel N, Tong M, Gallucci G, Suzanne M. (2019). Altered expression of insulin-degrading enzyme and regulator of calcineurin in the rat intracerebral streptozotocin model and human apolipoprotein E-ε4–associated Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 11:392–404.
Deng L, Pushpitha K, Joseph C, Gupta V, Rajput R, Chitranshi N, Dheer Y, Amirkhani A, Kamath K, Pascovici D. (2019). Amyloid βinduces early changes in the ribosomal machinery cytoskeletal organization and oxidative phosphorylation in retinal photoreceptor cells. Front Mol Neurosci 12:24.
Deng L, Gupta V, Abyadeh M, Chitranshi N, Pushpitha K, Wu Y, Gupta V, You Y, Paulo JA, Graham SL. (2023). Oxidative stress induced dysfunction of protein synthesis in 661W mice photoreceptor cells. Proteomes 11:12.
Depp C, Sun T, Sasmita AO, Spieth L, Berghoff SA, Nazarenko T, Overhoff K, Steixner-Kumar AA, Subramanian S, Arinrad S. (2023). Myelin dysfunction drives amyloid-βdeposition in models of Alzheimer's disease. Nature 618:349–357.
DeSimone CV, Graff-Radford J, El-Harasis MA, Rabinstein AA, Asirvatham SJ, Holmes DR. (2017). Cerebral amyloid angiopathy:diagnosis clinical implications and management strategies in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 70:1173–1182.
Dewan MC, Rattani A, Gupta S, Baticulon RE, Hung YC, Punchak M, Agrawal A, Adeleye AO, Shrime MG, Rubiano AM. (2018). Estimating the global incidence of traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 130:1080–1097.
Di Domenico F, Tramutola A, Foppoli C, Head E, Perluigi M, Butterfield DA. (2018). mTOR in Down syndrome:role in Aßand tau neuropathology and transition to Alzheimer disease-like dementia. Free Radic Biol Med 114:94–101.
Dierssen M. (2012). Down syndrome:the brain in trisomic mode. Nat Rev Neurosci 13:844–858.
Diniz Pereira J, Gomes Fraga V, Morais Santos AL, Carvalho MdG, Caramelli P, Braga Gomes K. (2021). Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus:a systematic review of proteomic studies. J Neurochem 156:753–776.
Donnini S, Solito R, Cetti E, Corti F, Giachetti A, Carra S, Beltrame M, Cotelli F, Ziche M. (2010). Aßpeptides accelerate the senescence of endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo impairing angiogenesis. FASEB J 24:2385–2395.
Dorsey ER, Elbaz A, Nichols E, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Adsuar JC, Ansha MG, Brayne C, Choi JYJ, Collado-Mateo D. (2018). Global regional and national burden of Parkinson's disease 1990–2016:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol 17:939–953.
Emberti Gialloreti L, Mazzone L, Benvenuto A, Fasano A, Garcia Alcon A, Kraneveld A, Moavero R, Raz R, Riccio MP, Siracusano M. (2019). Risk and protective environmental factors associated with autism spectrum disorder:evidence-based principles and recommendations. J Clin Med 8:217.
Faraco G, Park L, Zhou P, Luo W, Paul SM, Anrather J, Iadecola C. (2016). Hypertension enhances A β-induced neurovascular dysfunction promotes β-secretase activity and leads to amyloidogenic processing of APP. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 36:241–252.
Filippi M, Bar-Or A, Piehl F, Preziosa P, Solari A, Vukusic S, Rocca MA. (2018). Multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 4:43.
François GG, Daigen X, George SR, John PV, Yanxia Z, JingQi H, Andréa L, David S, Michael R, Mark SS. (1999). Involvement of caspases in proteolytic cleavage of Alzheimer's amyloid-βprecursor protein and amyloidogenic Aβpeptide formation. Cell 97:395–406.
Gargini R, Segura-Collar B, Sánchez-Gómez P. (2019). Novel functions of the neurodegenerative-related gene tau in cancer. Front Aging Neurosci 11:231.
Gasparini L, Netzer WJ, Greengard P, Xu H. (2002). Does insulin dysfunction play a role in Alzheimer's disease?. Trends Pharmacol Sci 23:288–293.
Gąssowska M, Czapski GA, Pająk B, Cieślik M, Lenkiewicz AM, Adamczyk A. (2014). Extracellular α-synuclein leads to microtubule destabilization via GSK-3β-dependent Tau phosphorylation in PC12 cells. PLoS One 9:e94259.
Giasson BI, Forman MS, Higuchi M, Golbe LI, Graves CL, Kotzbauer PT, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. (2003). Initiation and synergistic fibrillization of tau and alpha-synuclein. Science 300:636–640.
Gonçalves SA, Outeiro TF. (2017). Traffic jams and the complex role of α-Synuclein aggregation in Parkinson disease. Small GTPases 8:78–84.
Gong Z, Gao L, Lu Y, Wang Z. (2022). CSF p-tau as a potential cognition impairment biomarker in ALS. Front Neurol 13:991143.
Gough KC, Maddison BC. (2010). Prion transmission:prion excretion and occurrence in the environment. Prion 4:275–282.
Gough M, Blanthorn-Hazell S, Delury C, Parkin E. (2014). The E1 copper binding domain of full-length amyloid precursor protein mitigates copper-induced growth inhibition in brain metastatic prostate cancer DU145 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 453:741–747.
Goulay R, Romo LM, Hol EM, Dijkhuizen RM. (2020). From stroke to dementia:a comprehensive review exposing tight interactions between stroke and Amyloid-βformation. Transl Stroke Res 11:601–614.
Gratuze M, Cisbani G, Cicchetti F, Planel E. (2016). Is Huntington's disease a tauopathy?. Brain 139:1014–1025.
Grigg I, Ivashko-Pachima Y, Hait TA, Korenková V, Touloumi O, Lagoudaki R, Van Dijck A, Marusic Z, Anicic M, Vukovic J. (2020). Tauopathy in the young autistic brain:novel biomarker and therapeutic target. Transl Psychiatry 10:228.
Gu Y, Oyama F, Ihara Y. (1996). τis widely expressed in rat tissues. J Neurochem 67:1235–1244.
Guo L, Moss SE, Alexander RA, Ali RR, Fitzke FW, Cordeiro MF. (2005). Retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma is related to intraocular pressure and IOP-induced effects on extracellular matrix. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46:175–182.
Guo L, Salt TE, Luong V, Wood N, Cheung W, Maass A, Ferrari G, Russo-Marie F, Sillito AM, Cheetham ME. (2007). Targeting amyloid-βin glaucoma treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:13444–13449.
Gupta N, Fong J, Ang LC, Yücel YH. (2008). Retinal tau pathology in human glaucomas. Can J Ophthalmol 43:53–60.
Gupte A, Mumper RJ. (2009). Elevated copper and oxidative stress in cancer cells as a target for cancer treatment. Cancer Treat Rev 35:32–46.
Hamdeh SA, Shevchenko G, Mi J, Musunuri S, Bergquist J, Marklund N. (2018). Proteomic differences between focal and diffuse traumatic brain injury in human brain tissue. Sci Rep 8:6807.
Hamilton RL. (2000). Lewy bodies in Alzheimer's disease:a neuropathological review of 145 cases using α-synuclein immunohistochemistry. Brain Pathol 10:378–384.
Hanger D, Brion JP, Gallo J, Cairns N, Luthert P, Anderton B. (1991). Tau in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome is insoluble and abnormally phosphorylated. Biochem J 275:99–104.
Hansel DE, Rahman A, Wehner S, Herzog V, Yeo CJ, Maitra A. (2003). Increased expression and processing of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein in pancreatic cancer may influence cellular proliferation. Cancer Res 63:7032–7037.
Head E, Lott I, Cribbs DH, Cotman CW, Rohn TT. (2002). β-Amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangle association with caspase activation in Down syndrome. Neurosci Lett 330:99–103.
Head E, Lott IT. (2004). Down syndrome and beta-amyloid deposition. Curr Opin Neurol 17:95–100.
Head E, Helman AM, Powell D, Schmitt FA. (2018). Down syndrome beta-amyloid and neuroimaging. Free Radic Biol Med 114:102–109.
Herman AM, Khandelwal PJ, Stanczyk BB, Rebeck GW, Moussa CEH. (2011). β-amyloid triggers ALS-associated TDP-43 pathology in AD models. Brain Res 1386:191–199.
Herzig MC, Van Nostrand WE, Jucker M. (2006). Mechanism of cerebral β-amyloid angiopathy:murine and cellular models. Brain Pathol 16:40–54.
Ho WL, Leung Y, Tsang AWT, So KF, Chiu K, Chang RCC. (2012). Tauopathy in the retina and optic nerve:does it shadow pathological changes in the brain?. Mol Vis 18:2700–2710.
Hobday AL, Parmar MS. (2021). The link between diabetes mellitus and Tau hyperphosphorylation:implications for risk of Alzheimer's disease. Cureus 13:e18362.
Hoh Kam J, Lenassi E, Jeffery G. (2010). Viewing ageing eyes:diverse sites of amyloid Beta accumulation in the ageing mouse retina and the up-regulation of macrophages. PLoS One 5:e13127.
Hong X, Bu L, Wang Y, Xu J, Wu J, Huang Y, Liu J, Suo H, Yang L, Shi Y. (2013). Increases in the risk of cognitive impairment and alterations of cerebral β-amyloid metabolism in mouse model of heart failure. PLoS One 8:e63829.
Hu WT, Chen-Plotkin A, Arnold SE, Grossman M, Clark CM, Shaw LM, McCluskey L, Elman L, Karlawish J, Hurtig HI. (2010). Biomarker discovery for Alzheimer's disease frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol 120:385–399.
Hu X, Yang Y, Gong D. (2017a). Changes of cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 t-tau and p-tau in Parkinson's disease patients with cognitive impairment relative to those with normal cognition:a meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 38:1953–1961.
Hu X, Yang Y, Gong D. (2017b). Changes of cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 t-tau and p-tau in Parkinson's disease patients with cognitive impairment relative to those with normal cognition:a meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 38:1953–1961.
Huda MN, Pan CH. (2018). Tau in Tauopathies that leads to cognitive disorders and in cancer. In:Cognitive disorders:IntechOpen doi:10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74025.
doi: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74025
Iadecola C, Zhang F, Niwa K, Eckman C, Turner SK, Fischer E, Younkin S, Borchelt DR, Hsiao KK, Carlson GA. (1999). SOD1 rescues cerebral endothelial dysfunction in mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein. Nat Neurosci 2:157–161.
Inyushin M, Zayas-Santiago A, Rojas L, Kucheryavykh L. (2020). On the role of platelet-generated amyloid beta peptides in certain amyloidosis health complications. Front Immunol 11:571083.
Ito S, Miki Y, Saito R, Inoue C, Okada Y, Sasano H. (2019). Amyloid precursor protein and its phosphorylated form in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 215:152463.
Iwasaki Y. (2017). Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neuropathology 37:174–188.
Iwata A, Chen XH, McIntosh TK, Browne KD, Smith DH. (2002). Long-term accumulation of amyloid-βin axons following brain trauma without persistent upregulation of amyloid precursor protein genes. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 61:1056–1068.
Iwatsubo T, Mann DM, Odaka A, Suzuki N, Ihara Y. (1995). Amyloid βprotein (Aβ) deposition:Aβ42 (43) precedes Aβ40 in Down syndrome. Ann Neurol 37:294–299.
James BD, Wilson RS, Boyle PA, Trojanowski JQ, Bennett DA, Schneider JA. (2016). TDP-43 stage mixed pathologies and clinical Alzheimer's-type dementia. Brain 139:2983–2993.
Jans D, Martinet W, Van De Parre T, Herman A, Bult H, Kockx M, De Meyer G. (2006). Processing of amyloid precursor protein as a biochemical link between atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 6:21–34.
Jellinger K. (1998). Alzheimer-type lesions in Huntington's disease. J Neural Transm 105:787–799.
Jendroska K, Lees AJ, Poewe W, Daniel SE. (1996). Amyloid β-peptide and the dementia of Parkinson's diease. Mov Disord 11:647–653.
Jiang Y, Rigoglioso A, Peterhoff CM, Pawlik M, Sato Y, Bleiwas C, Stavrides P, Smiley JF, Ginsberg SD, Mathews PM. (2016). Partial BACE1 reduction in a Down syndrome mouse model blocks Alzheimer-related endosomal anomalies and cholinergic neurodegeneration:role of APP-CTF. Neurobiol Aging 39:90–98.
Jin WS, Bu XL, Liu YH, Shen LL, Zhuang ZQ, Jiao SS, Zhu C, Wang QH, Zhou HD, Zhang T. (2017). Plasma amyloid-beta levels in patients with different types of cancer. Neurotox Res 31:283–288.
Johnson VE, Stewart W, Smith DH. (2010). Traumatic brain injury and amyloid-βpathology:a link to Alzheimer's disease?. Nat Rev Neurosci 11:361–370.
Johnson VE, Stewart W, Smith DH. (2012). Widespread tau and amyloid-beta pathology many years after a single traumatic brain injury in humans. Brain Pathol 22:142–149.
Jonas JB, Wei WB, Zhu LP, Xu L, Wang YX. (2018). Cognitive function and ophthalmological diseases:the Beijing Eye Study. Sci Rep 8:4816.
Josephs KA, Whitwell JL, Weigand SD, Murray ME, Tosakulwong N, Liesinger AM, Petrucelli L, Senjem ML, Knopman DS, Boeve BF. (2014). TDP-43 is a key player in the clinical features associated with Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 127:811–824.
Josephs KA. (2017). Current understanding of neurodegenerative diseases associated with the protein tau. Mayo Clin Proc 92:1291–1303.
Kaarniranta K, Salminen A, Haapasalo A, Soininen H, Hiltunen M. (2011). Age-related macular degeneration (AMD):Alzheimer's disease in the eye?. J Alzheimers Dis 24:615–631.
Kadak MT, Cetin I, Tarakçıoğlu MC, Özer ÖF, Kaçar S, Çimen B. (2015). Low serum level α-synuclein and tau protein in autism spectrum disorder compared to controls. Neuropediatrics 46:410–415.
Kapaki E, Kilidireas K, Paraskevas G, Michalopoulou M, Patsouris E. (2001). Highly increased CSF tau protein and decreased β-amyloid (1–42) in sporadic CJD:a discrimination from Alzheimer's disease?. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 71:401–403.
Kasai T, Tatebe H, Kondo M, Ishii R, Ohmichi T, Yeung WTE, Morimoto M, Chiyonobu T, Terada N, Allsop D. (2017). Increased levels of plasma total tau in adult Down syndrome. PLoS One 12:e0188802.
Katsumoto A, Takeuchi H, Tanaka F. (2019). Tau pathology in chronic traumatic encephalopathy and Alzheimer's disease:similarities and differences. Front Neurol 10:980.
Kim B, Backus C, Oh S, Hayes JM, Feldman EL. (2009). Increased tau phosphorylation and cleavage in mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Endocrinology 150:5294–5301.
King MR, Anderson NJ, Guernsey LS, Jolivalt CG. (2013). Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition prevents learning deficits in diabetic mice. J Neurosci Res 91:506–514.
Kitazume S, Yoshihisa A, Yamaki T, Oikawa M, Tachida Y, Ogawa K, Imamaki R, Hagiwara Y, Kinoshita N, Takeishi Y. (2012). Soluble amyloid precursor protein 770 is released from inflamed endothelial cells and activated platelets:a novel biomarker for acute coronary syndrome. J Biol Chem 287:40817–40825.
Kojro E, Fahrenholz F. (2005). The non-amyloidogenic pathway:structure and function of α-secretases. Subcell Biochem 38:105–127.
Kokjohn TA, Van Vickle GD, Maarouf CL, Kalback WM, Hunter JM, Daugs ID, Luehrs DC, Lopez J, Brune D, Sue LI, Beach TG, Castaño EM, Roher AE. (2011). Chemical characterization of pro-inflammatory amyloid-beta peptides in human atherosclerotic lesions and platelets. Biochim Biophys Acta 1812:1508–1514.
Kolarova M, García-Sierra F, Bartos A, Ricny J, Ripova D. (2012). Structure and pathology of tau protein in Alzheimer disease. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012:731526.
Kondo A, Shahpasand K, Mannix R, Qiu J, Moncaster J, Chen CH, Yao Y, Lin YM, Driver JA, Sun Y. (2015). Antibody against early driver of neurodegeneration cis P-tau blocks brain injury and tauopathy. Nature 523:431–436.
Konopka A, Whelan DR, Jamali MS, Perri E, Shahheydari H, Toth RP, Parakh S, Robinson T, Cheong A, Mehta P. (2020). Impaired NHEJ repair in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is associated with TDP-43 mutations. Mol Neurodegener 15:51.
Köppen J, Schulze A, Machner L, Wermann M, Eichentopf R, Guthardt M, Hähnel A, Klehm J, Kriegeskorte MC, Hartlage-Rübsamen M. (2020). Amyloid-beta peptides trigger aggregation of alpha-synuclein in vitro. Molecules 25:580.
Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Koronyo Y, Ljubimov AV, Miller CA, Ko MK, Black KL, Schwartz M, Farkas DL. (2011). Identification of amyloid plaques in retinas from Alzheimer's patients and noninvasive in vivo optical imaging of retinal plaques in a mouse model. Neuroimage 54:S204–S217.
Kottaisamy CPD, Raj DS, Prasanth Kumar V, Sankaran U. (2021). Experimental animal models for diabetes and its related complications—a review. Lab Anim Res 37:23.
Kotzbauer PT, Cairns NJ, Campbell MC, Willis AW, Racette BA, Tabbal SD, Perlmutter JS. (2012). Pathologic accumulation of α-synuclein and Aβin Parkinson disease patients with dementia. Arch Neurol 69:1326–1331.
Krebs M, Brunmair B, Brehm A, Artwohl M, Szendroedi J, Nowotny P, Roth E, Fürnsinn C, Promintzer M, Anderwald C. (2007). The Mammalian target of rapamycin pathway regulates nutrient-sensitive glucose uptake in man. Diabetes 56:1600–1607.
Kumar S, Lemere CA, Walter J. (2020). Phosphorylated Aβpeptides in human Down syndrome brain and different Alzheimer's-like mouse models. Acta Neuropathol Commun 8:118.
Kwon OH, Cho YY, Kim TW, Chung S. (2019). O-GlcNAcylation of amyloid-βprotein precursor by insulin signaling reduces amyloid-βproduction. J Alzheimers Dis 69:1195–1211.
Laina A, Stellos K, Stamatelopoulos K. (2018). Vascular ageing:Underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Exp Gerontol 109:16–30.
Lana D, Di Russo J, Mello T, Wenk G, Giovannini M. (2017). Rapamycin inhibits mTOR/p70S6K activation in CA3 region of the hippocampus of the rat and impairs long term memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 137:15–26.
Lang AE, Methner DR, Ferreira A. (2014). Neuronal degeneration synaptic defects and behavioral abnormalities in tau45-230 transgenic mice. Neuroscience 275:322–339.
Lanni C, Masi M, Racchi M, Govoni S. (2021). Cancer and Alzheimer's disease inverse relationship:an age-associated diverging derailment of shared pathways. Mol Psychiatry 26:280–295.
Lashley T, Holton JL, Gray E, Kirkham K, O'Sullivan SS, Hilbig A, Wood NW, Lees AJ, Revesz T. (2008). Cortical α-synuclein load is associated with amyloid-βplaque burden in a subset of Parkinson's disease patients. Acta Neuropathol 115:417–425.
Lathe R, Sapronova A, Kotelevtsev Y. (2014). Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer-diseases with a common cause?Inflammation oxysterols vasculature. BMC Geriatr 14:36.
Ledreux A, Thomas S, Hamlett ED, Trautman C, Gilmore A, Hager ER, Paredes DA, Margittai M, Fortea J, Granholm AC. (2021). Small neuron-derived extracellular vesicles from individuals with Down syndrome propagate tau pathology in the wildtype mouse brain. J Clin Med 10:3931.
Lee CS, Larson EB, Gibbons LE, Lee AY, McCurry SM, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Crane PK. (2019). Associations between recent and established ophthalmic conditions and risk of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 15:34–41.
Lee NC, Yang SY, Chieh JJ, Huang PT, Chang LM, Chiu YN, Huang AC, Chien YH, Hwu WL, Chiu MJ. (2017). Blood beta-amyloid and tau in Down syndrome:a comparison with Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 8:316.
Lei C, Lin R, Wang J, Tao L, Fu X, Qiu Y, Lei B. (2017). Amelioration of amyloid β-induced retinal inflammatory responses by a LXR agonist TO901317 is associated with inhibition of the NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome. Neuroscience 360:48–60.
Lekomtseva Y, Voloshyn-Gaponov I, Tatayna G. (2019). Targeting higher levels of tau protein in Ukrainian patients with Wilson's disease. Neurol Ther 8:59–68.
Lemoine L, Ledreux A, Mufson EJ, Perez SE, Simic G, Doran E, Lott I, Carroll S, Bharani K, Thomas S. (2020). Regional binding of tau and amyloid PET tracers in Down syndrome autopsy brain tissue. Mol Neurodegener 15:68.
Lewczuk P, Wiltfang J, Kornhuber J, Verhasselt A. (2021). Distributions of Aβ42 and Aβ42/40 in the cerebrospinal fluid in view of the probability theory. Diagnostics 11:2372.
Li H, Zhu H, Wallack M, Mwamburi M, Abdul-Hay SO, Leissring MA, Qiu WQ. (2016). Age and its association with low insulin and high amyloid-βpeptides in blood. J Alzheimers Dis 49:129–137.
Li H, Wu J, Zhu L, Sha L, Yang S, Wei J, Ji L, Tang X, Mao K, Cao L. (2018). Insulin degrading enzyme contributes to the pathology in a mixed model of Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease:possible mechanisms of IDE in T2D and AD. Biosci Rep 38:BSR20170862.
Li SH, Li XJ. (2004). Huntingtin–protein interactions and the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease. Trends Genet 20:146–154.
Lim S, Yoo BK, Kim HS, Gilmore HL, Lee Y, Lee HP, Kim SJ, Letterio J, Lee HG. (2014). Amyloid-βprecursor protein promotes cell proliferation and motility of advanced breast cancer. BMC Cancer 14:928.
Liu C, Cao L, Yang S, Xu L, Liu P, Wang F, Xu D. (2015a). Subretinal injection of amyloid-βpeptide accelerates RPE cell senescence and retinal degeneration. Int J Mol Med 35:169–176.
Liu C, Cholerton B, Shi M, Ginghina C, Cain KC, Auinger P, Zhang J, Investigators PSGD. (2015b). CSF tau and tau/Aβ42 predict cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 21:271–276.
Liu P, Smith BR, Huang ES, Mahesh A, Vonsattel JPG, Petersen AJ, Gomez-Pastor R, Ashe KH. (2019). A soluble truncated tau species related to cognitive dysfunction and caspase-2 is elevated in the brain of Huntington's disease patients. Acta Neuropathol Commun 7:111.
Liu RT, Gao J, Cao S, Sandhu N, Cui JZ, Chou CL, Fang E, Matsubara JA. (2013). Inflammatory mediators induced by amyloid-beta in the retina and RPE in vivo:implications for inflammasome activation in age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:2225–2237.
Liu Y, Liu F, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Gong CX. (2011). Deficient brain insulin signalling pathway in Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. J Pathol 225:54–62.
Loane DJ, Pocivavsek A, Moussa CE, Thompson R, Matsuoka Y, Faden AI, Rebeck GW, Burns MP. (2009). Amyloid precursor protein secretases as therapeutic targets for traumatic brain injury. Nat Med 15:377–379.
Lu Y, Jiang X, Liu S, Li M. (2018). Changes in cerebrospinal fluid tau and β-amyloid levels in diabetic and prediabetic patients:a meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 10:271.
Magnani E, Fan J, Gasparini L, Golding M, Williams M, Schiavo G, Goedert M, Amos LA, Spillantini MG. (2007). Interaction of tau protein with the dynactin complex. EMBO J 26:4546–4554.
Mai W, Hu X, Lu Z, Peng F, Wang Y. (2011). Cerebrospinal fluid levels of soluble amyloid precursor protein and β-amyloid 42 in patients with multiple sclerosis neuromyelitis optica and clinically isolated syndrome. J Int Med Res 39:2402–2413.
Mailliot C, Podevin-Dimster V, Rosenthal RE, Sergeant N, Delacourte A, Fiskum G, Buée L. (2000). Rapid tau protein dephosphorylation and differential rephosphorylation during cardiac arrest-induced cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 20:543–549.
Maloney SM, Hoover CA, Morejon-Lasso LV, Prosperi JR. (2020). Mechanisms of taxane resistance. Cancers 12:3323.
Markin AM, Sobenin IA, Grechko AV, Zhang D, Orekhov AN. (2020). Cellular mechanisms of human atherogenesis:focus on chronification of inflammation and mitochondrial mutations. Front Pharmacol 11:642.
Markopoulou K, Dickson D, McComb R, Wszolek Z, Katechalidou L, Avery L, Stansbury M, Chase B. (2008). Clinical neuropathological and genotypic variability in SNCA A53T familial Parkinson's disease:Variability in familial Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol 116:25–35.
Marsden IT, Minamide LS, Bamburg JR. (2011). Amyloid-β-induced amyloid-βsecretion:a possible feed-forward mechanism in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 24:681–691.
Masliah E, Rockenstein E, Veinbergs I, Sagara Y, Mallory M, Hashimoto M, Mucke L. (2001). β-Amyloid peptides enhance α-synuclein accumulation and neuronal deficits in a transgenic mouse model linking Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:12245–12250.
Masnata M, Salem S, de Rus Jacquet A, Anwer M, Cicchetti F. (2020). Targeting Tau to treat clinical features of Huntington's disease. Front Neurol 11:580732.
Masrori P, Van Damme P. (2020). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:a clinical review. Eur J Neurol 27:1918–1929.
Matéde Gérando A, d'Orange M, Augustin E, Joséphine C, Aurégan G, Gaudin-Guérif M, Guillermier M, Hérard AS, Stimmer L, Petit F. (2021). Neuronal tau species transfer to astrocytes and induce their loss according to tau aggregation state. Brain 144:1167–1182.
Mawuenyega KG, Sigurdson W, Ovod V, Munsell L, Kasten T, Morris JC, Yarasheski KE, Bateman RJ. (2010). Decreased clearance of CNS β-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. Science 330:1774.
Mccormack A, Chegeni N, Chegini F, Colella A, Power J, Keating D, Chataway T. (2016). Purification of α-synuclein containing inclusions from human post mortem brain tissue. J Neurosci Methods 266:141–150.
McGowan D, van Roon-Mom W, Holloway H, Bates G, Mangiarini L, Cooper G, Faull R, Snell R. (2000). Amyloid-like inclusions in Huntington's disease. Neuroscience 100:677–680.
McGowan E, Pickford F, Kim J, Onstead L, Eriksen J, Yu C, Skipper L, Murphy MP, Beard J, Das P. (2005). Aβ42 is essential for parenchymal and vascular amyloid deposition in mice. Neuron 47:191–199.
McGowan P, McKiernan E, Bolster F, Ryan B, Hill A, McDermott E, Evoy D, O'Higgins N, Crown J, Duffy M. (2008). ADAM-17 predicts adverse outcome in patients with breast cancer. Ann Oncol 19:1075–1081.
McKee AC, Cantu RC, Nowinski CJ, Hedley-Whyte ET, Gavett BE, Budson AE, Santini VE, Lee HS, Kubilus CA, Stern RA. (2009). Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes:progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 68:709–735.
McKee AC, Alosco ML, Huber BR. (2016). Repetitive head impacts and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Neurosurg Clin N Am 27:529–535.
Meakin PJ, Harper AJ, Hamilton DL, Gallagher J, McNeilly AD, Burgess LA, Vaanholt LM, Bannon KA, Latcham J, Hussain I. (2012). Reduction in BACE1 decreases body weight protects against diet-induced obesity and enhances insulin sensitivity in mice. Biochem J 441:285–296.
Meakin PJ, Mezzapesa A, Benabou E, Haas ME, Bonardo B, Grino M, Brunel J-M, Desbois-Mouthon C, Biddinger SB, Govers R. (2018). The beta secretase BACE1 regulates the expression of insulin receptor in the liver. Nat Commun 9:1306.
Meisl G, Yang X, Hellstrand E, Frohm B, Kirkegaard JB, Cohen SI, Dobson CM, Linse S, Knowles TP. (2014). Differences in nucleation behavior underlie the contrasting aggregation kinetics of the Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:9384–9389.
Melkani GC, Trujillo AS, Ramos R, Bodmer R, Bernstein SI, Ocorr K. (2013). Huntington's disease induced cardiac amyloidosis is reversed by modulating protein folding and oxidative stress pathways in the Drosophila heart. PLoS Genet 9:e1004024.
Melzer TR, Stark MR, Keenan RJ, Myall DJ, MacAskill MR, Pitcher TL, Livingston L, Grenfell S, Horne KL, Young BN. (2019). Beta amyloid deposition is not associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 10:391.
Mencer S, Kartawy M, Lendenfeld F, Soluh H, Tripathi MK, Khaliulin I, Amal H. (2021). Proteomics of autism and Alzheimer's mouse models reveal common alterations in mTOR signaling pathway. Transl Psychiatry 11:480.
Mez J, Daneshvar DH, Kiernan PT, Abdolmohammadi B, Alvarez VE, Huber BR, Alosco ML, Solomon TM, Nowinski CJ, McHale L. (2017). Clinicopathological evaluation of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in players of American football. JAMA 318:360–370.
Mietelska-Porowska A, Wasik U, Goras M, Filipek A, Niewiadomska G. (2014). Tau protein modifications and interactions:their role in function and dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 15:4671–4713.
Mimori K, Sadanaga N, Yoshikawa Y, Ishikawa K, Hashimoto M, Tanaka F, Sasaki A, Inoue H, Sugimachi K, Mori M. (2006). Reduced tau expression in gastric cancer can identify candidates for successful Paclitaxel treatment. Br J Cancer 94:1894–1897.
Mirzaei M, Abyadeh M, Turner AJ, Wall RV, Chick JM, Paulo JA, Gupta VK, Basavarajappa D, Chitranshi N, Mirshahvaladi SSO. (2022). Fingolimod effects on the brain are mediated through biochemical modulation of bioenergetics autophagy and neuroinflammatory networks. Proteomics 22:2100247.
Mollenhauer B, Bibl M, Esselmann H, Steinacker P, Trenkwalder C, Brechlin P, Wiltfang J, Otto M. (2006). Selective reduction of amyloid β42 discriminates Alzheimer's disease from Huntington's disease:indication for distinct pathological events in amyloid βpeptide aggregation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77:1201–1203.
Mora JS. (2017). Edaravone for treatment of early-stage ALS. Lancet Neurol 16:772.
Moran C, Beare R, Phan TG, Bruce DG, Callisaya ML, Srikanth V. (2015). Type 2 diabetes mellitus and biomarkers of neurodegeneration. Neurology 85:1123–1130.
Mori C, Spooner ET, Wisniewski KE, Wisniewski TM, Yamaguchi H, Saido TC, Tolan DR, Selkoe DJ, Lemere CA. (2002). Intraneuronal Aβ42 accumulation in Down syndrome brain. Amyloid 9:88–102.
Mori F, Rossi S, Sancesario G, Codecà C, Mataluni G, Monteleone F, Buttari F, Kusayanagi H, Castelli M, Motta C. (2011). Cognitive and cortical plasticity deficits correlate with altered amyloid-βCSF levels in multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 36:559–568.
Morioka M, Kawano T, Yano S, Kai Y, Tsuiki H, Yoshinaga Y, Matsumoto J, Maeda T, Hamada JI, Yamamoto H. (2006). Hyperphosphorylation at serine 199/202 of tau factor in the gerbil hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 347:273–278.
Mormino EC, Papp KV. (2018). Amyloid accumulation and cognitive decline in clinically normal older individuals:implications for aging and early Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 64:S633–S646.
Mörtberg E, Zetterberg H, Nordmark J, Blennow K, Catry C, Decraemer H, Vanmechelen E, Rubertsson S. (2011). Plasma tau protein in comatose patients after cardiac arrest treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 55:1132–1138.
Moszczynski AJ, Strong W, Xu K, McKee A, Brown A, Strong MJ. (2018). Pathologic Thr175 tau phosphorylation in CTE and CTE with ALS. Neurology 90:e380–387.
Mudher A, Colin M, Dujardin S, Medina M, Dewachter I, Naini SMA, Mandelkow EM, Mandelkow E, Buée L, Goedert M. (2017). What is the evidence that tau pathology spreads through prion-like propagation?. Acta Neuropathol Commun 5:99.
Mundi S, Massaro M, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA, Van Hinsbergh VW, Iruela-Arispe ML, De Caterina R. (2018). Endothelial permeability, LDL deposition and cardiovascular risk factors—a review. Cardiovasc Res 114:35–52.
Murphy M, LeVine H. (2010). Alzheimer's disease and the amyloid-beta peptide. J Alzheimers Dis 19:311–323.
Murray ME, Dickson DW. (2014). Is pathological aging a successful resistance against amyloid-beta or preclinical Alzheimer's disease?. Alzheimers Res Ther 6:24.
Nabizadeh F, Sodeifian F, Kargar A. (2023). Cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein amyloid beta total tau and phosphorylated tau in tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Belg 123:1429–1437.
Nakagawa Y, Reed L, Nakamura M, McIntosh TK, Smith DH, Saatman KE, Raghupathi R, Clemens J, Saido TC, Lee VMY. (2000). Brain trauma in aged transgenic mice induces regression of established Aβdeposits. Exp Neurol 163:244–252.
Nakamura K, Zhou XZ, Lu KP. (2013). Distinct functions of cis and trans phosphorylated tau in Alzheimer's disease and their therapeutic implications. Curr Mol Med 13:1098–1109.
Ning A, Cui J, To E, Ashe KH, Matsubara J. (2008). Amyloid-βdeposits lead to retinal degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49:5136–5143.
Niwa K, Kazama K, Younkin L, Younkin SG, Carlson GA, Iadecola C. (2002). Cerebrovascular autoregulation is profoundly impaired in mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283:H315–323.
Ohno-Matsui K. (2011). Parallel findings in age-related macular degeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 30:217–238.
Oku H, Kida T, Horie T, Taki K, Mimura M, Kojima S, Ikeda T. (2019). Tau is involved in death of retinal ganglion cells of rats from optic nerve crush. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 60:2380–2387.
Omalu B, Bailes J, Hamilton RL, Kamboh MI, Hammers J, Case M, Fitzsimmons R. (2011). Emerging histomorphologic phenotypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in American athletes. Neurosurgery 69:173–183.
Ornelas AS, Adler CH, Serrano GE, Curry JR, Shill HA, Kopyov O, Beach TG. (2020). Co-existence of tau and α-synuclein pathology in fetal graft tissue at autopsy:a case report. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 71:36–39.
Palmer N, Beam A, Agniel D, Eran A, Manrai A, Spettell C, Steinberg G, Mandl K, Fox K, Nelson SF. (2017). Association of sex with recurrence of autism spectrum disorder among siblings. JAMA Pediatr 171:1107–1112.
Pan L, Meng L, He M, Zhang Z. (2021). Tau in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. J Mol Neurosci 71:2179–2191.
Pandey P, Rachagani S, Das S, Seshacharyulu P, Sheinin Y, Naslavsky N, Pan Z, Smith BL, Peters HL, Radhakrishnan P. (2015). Amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2) affects the actin cytoskeleton and increases pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. Oncotarget 6:2064.
Pandey P, Sliker B, Peters HL, Tuli A, Herskovitz J, Smits K, Purohit A, Singh RK, Dong J, Batra SK. (2016). Amyloid precursor protein and amyloid precursor-like protein 2 in cancer. Oncotarget 7:19430.
Papin S, Paganetti P. (2020). Emerging evidences for an implication of the neurodegeneration-associated protein TAU in cancer. Brain Sci 10:862.
Park L, Zhou P, Pitstick R, Capone C, Anrather J, Norris EH, Younkin L, Younkin S, Carlson G, McEwen BS. (2008). Nox2-derived radicals contribute to neurovascular and behavioral dysfunction in mice overexpressing the amyloid precursor protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:1347–1352.
Pasinelli P, Houseweart MK, Brown RH Jr, Cleveland DW. (2000). Caspase-1 and-3 are sequentially activated in motor neuron death in Cu Zn superoxide dismutase-mediated familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:13901–13906.
Pavliukeviciene B, Zentelyte A, Jankunec M, Valiuliene G, Talaikis M, Navakauskiene R, Niaura G, Valincius G. (2019). Amyloid βoligomers inhibit growth of human cancer cells. PLoS One 14:e0221563.
Peng X, Xu Z, Mo X, Guo Q, Yin J, Xu M, Peng Z, Sun T, Zhou L, Peng X. (2020). Association of plasma β-amyloid 40 and 42 concentration with type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults. Diabetologia 63:954–963.
Pennington KL, DeAngelis MM. (2016). Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD):associations with cardiovascular disease phenotypes and lipid factors. Eye Vis 3:34.
Perluigi M, Pupo G, Tramutola A, Cini C, Coccia R, Barone E, Head E, Butterfield DA, Di Domenico F. (2014). Neuropathological role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in Down syndrome brain. Biochim Biophys Acta 1842:1144–1153.
Peters HL, Tuli A, Wang X, Liu C, Pan Z, Ouellette MM, Hollingsworth MA, MacDonald RG, Solheim JC. (2012). Relevance of amyloid precursor-like protein 2 C-terminal fragments in pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Oncol 41:1464–1474.
Pietroboni AM, Schiano di Cola F, Scarioni M, Fenoglio C, Spanò B, Arighi A, Cioffi SM, Oldoni E, De Riz MA, Basilico P. (2017). CSF β-amyloid as a putative biomarker of disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 23:1085–1091.
Pletnikova O, West N, Lee MK, Rudow GL, Skolasky RL, Dawson TM, Marsh L, Troncoso JC. (2005). Aβdeposition is associated with enhanced cortical α-synuclein lesions in Lewy body diseases. Neurobiol Aging 26:1183–1192.
Plucińska K, Crouch B, Koss D, Robinson L, Siebrecht M, Riedel G, Platt B. (2014). Knock-in of human BACE1 cleaves murine APP and reiterates Alzheimer-like phenotypes. J Neurosci 34:10710–10728.
Plucińska K, Dekeryte R, Koss D, Shearer K, Mody N, Whitfield PD, Doherty MK, Mingarelli M, Welch A, Riedel G. (2016). Neuronal human BACE1 knockin induces systemic diabetes in mice. Diabetologia 59:1513–1523.
Prasad T, Zhu P, Verma A, Chakrabarty P, Rosario AM, Golde TE, Li Q. (2017). Amyloid βpeptides overexpression in retinal pigment epithelial cells via AAV-mediated gene transfer mimics AMD-like pathology in mice. Sci Rep 7:1–15.
Pringsheim T, Wiltshire K, Day L, Dykeman J, Steeves T, Jette N. (2012). The incidence and prevalence of Huntington's disease:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord 27:1083–1091.
Prots I, Veber V, Brey S, Campioni S, Buder K, Riek R, Böhm KJ, Winner B. (2013). α-Synuclein oligomers impair neuronal microtubule-kinesin interplay. J Biol Chem 288:21742–21754.
Pusztai L, Jeong JH, Gong Y, Ross JS, Kim C, Paik S, Rouzier R, Andre F, Hortobagyi GN, Wolmark N. (2009). Evaluation of microtubule-associated protein-Tau expression as a prognostic and predictive marker in the NSABP-B 28 randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 27:4287.
Qin H, Wang J, Ren J, Qu X. (2019). Amyloid βand tumorigenesis:amyloid β-induced telomere dysfunction in tumor cells. CCS Chemistry 1:313–325.
Raggi P, Genest J, Giles JT, Rayner KJ, Dwivedi G, Beanlands RS, Gupta M. (2018). Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and therapeutic interventions. Atherosclerosis 276:98–108.
Ramirez J, Berezuk C, McNeely AA, Gao F, McLaurin J, Black SE. (2016). Imaging the perivascular space as a potential biomarker of neurovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 36:289–299.
Randall J, Mörtberg E, Provuncher GK, Fournier DR, Duffy DC, Rubertsson S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Wilson DH. (2013). Tau proteins in serum predict neurological outcome after hypoxic brain injury from cardiac arrest:results of a pilot study. Resuscitation 84:351–356.
Ratnayaka JA, Serpell LC, Lotery AJ. (2015). Dementia of the eye:the role of amyloid beta in retinal degeneration. Eye 29:1013–1026.
Ray B, Long JM, Sokol DK, Lahiri DK. (2011). Increased secreted amyloid precursor protein-α(sAPPα) in severe autism:proposal of a specific anabolic pathway and putative biomarker. PLoS One 6:e20405.
Raz L, Bhaskar K, Weaver J, Marini S, Zhang Q, Thompson JF, Espinoza C, Iqbal S, Maphis NM, Weston L. (2019). Hypoxia promotes tau hyperphosphorylation with associated neuropathology in vascular dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 126:124–136.
Rensink AA, de Waal RM, Kremer B, Verbeek MM. (2003). Pathogenesis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 43:207–223.
Renton AE, Chio A, Traynor BJ. (2014). State of play in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetics. Nat Neurosci 17:17–23.
Ristori E, Donnini S, Ziche M. (2020). New insights into blood-brain barrier maintenance:the homeostatic role of β-amyloid precursor protein in cerebral vasculature. Front Physiol 11:1056.
Roberts G, Gentleman S, Lynch A, Murray L, Landon M, Graham D. (1994). Beta amyloid protein deposition in the brain after severe head injury:implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57:419–425.
Rodríguez-Martín T, Cuchillo-Ibáñez I, Noble W, Nyenya F, Anderton BH, Hanger DP. (2013). Tau phosphorylation affects its axonal transport and degradation. Neurobiol Aging 34:2146–2157.
Roeben B, Maetzler W, Vanmechelen E, Schulte C, Heinzel S, Stellos K, Godau J, Huber H, Brockmann K, Wurster I. (2016). Association of plasma Aβ40 peptides but not Aβ42 with coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus. J Alzheimers Dis 52:161–169.
Romero JR, Demissie S, Beiser A, Himali JJ, DeCarli C, Levy D, Seshadri S. (2020). Relation of plasma β-amyloid clusterin and tau with cerebral microbleeds:Framingham Heart Study. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 7:1083–1091.
Rouzier R, Rajan R, Wagner P, Hess KR, Gold DL, Stec J, Ayers M, Ross JS, Zhang P, Buchholz TA. (2005). Microtubule-associated protein tau:a marker of paclitaxel sensitivity in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:8315–8320.
Ruan Y, Guo Y, Zheng Y, Huang Z, Sun S, Kowal P, Shi Y, Wu F. (2018). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors among older adults in six low-and middle-income countries:results from SAGE Wave 1. BMC Public Health 18:778.
Sadigh-Eteghad S, Sabermarouf B, Majdi A, Talebi M, Farhoudi M, Mahmoudi J. (2015). Amyloid-beta:a crucial factor in Alzheimer's disease. Med Princ Pract 24:1–10.
Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, Colagiuri S, Guariguata L, Motala AA, Ogurtsova K. (2019). Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045:results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 157:107843.
Salvesen GS, Dixit VM. (1999). Caspase activation:the induced-proximity model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:10964–10967.
Samimi N, Sharma G, Kimura T, Matsubara T, Huo A, Chiba K, Saito Y, Murayama S, Akatsu H, Hashizume Y. (2021). Distinct phosphorylation profiles of tau in brains of patients with different tauopathies. Neurobiol Aging 108:72–79.
Sánchez-Juan P, Moreno S, de Rojas I, Hernández I, Valero S, Alegret M, Montrreal L, García González P, Lage C, López-García S. (2019). The MAPT H1 haplotype is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease in APOE ε4 non-carriers. Front Aging Neurosci 11:327.
Sandahl TD, Laursen TL, Munk DE, Vilstrup H, Weiss KH, Ott P. (2020). The prevalence of Wilson's disease:an update. Hepatology 71:722–732.
Santos CY, Snyder PJ, Wu WC, Zhang M, Echeverria A, Alber J. (2017). Pathophysiologic relationship between Alzheimer's disease cerebrovascular disease and cardiovascular risk:a review and synthesis. Alzheimers Dement 7:69–87.
Santos R, Bulteau A-L, Gomes CM. (2016). Neurodegeneration neurogenesis and oxidative stress 2015. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:7632025.
Schaich CL, Maurer MS, Nadkarni NK. (2019). Amyloidosis of the brain and heart:two sides of the same coin?. JACC Heart Fail 7:129–131.
Sekino Y, Han X, Babasaki T, Goto K, Inoue S, Hayashi T, Teishima J, Shiota M, Takeshima Y, Yasui W. (2020). Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) promotes bicalutamide resistance and is associated with survival in prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 795:e791–795.
Sethy C, Kundu CN. (2021). 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance and the new strategy to enhance the sensitivity against cancer:Implication of DNA repair inhibition. Biomed Pharmacother 137:111285.
Shadfar S, Brocardo M, Atkin JD. (2022). The complex mechanisms by which neurons die following DNA damage in neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Mol Sci 23:2484.
Shi C, Zhu X, Wang J, Long D. (2014). Estrogen receptor αpromotes non-amyloidogenic processing of platelet amyloid precursor protein via the MAPK/ERK pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 144:280–285.
Shi J, Zhang T, Zhou C, Chohan MO, Gu X, Wegiel J, Zhou J, Hwang YW, Iqbal K, Grundke-Iqbal I, Gong CX, Liu F. (2008). Increased dosage of Dyrk1A alters alternative splicing factor (ASF)-regulated alternative splicing of Tau in Down Syndrome. J Biol Chem 283:28660–28669.
Shieh JCC, Huang PT, Lin YF. (2020). Alzheimer's disease and diabetes:Insulin signaling as the bridge linking two pathologies. Mol Neurobiol 57:1966–1977.
Siderowf A, Xie S, Hurtig H, Weintraub D, Duda J, Chen-Plotkin A, Shaw L, Van Deerlin V, Trojanowski J, Clark C. (2010). CSF amyloid β1-42 predicts cognitive decline in Parkinson disease. Neurology 75:1055–1061.
Siderowf A, Concha-Marambio L, Lafontant D-E, Farris CM, Ma Y, Urenia PA, Nguyen H, Alcalay RN, Chahine LM, Foroud T. (2023). Assessment of heterogeneity among participants in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohort using α-synuclein seed amplification:a cross-sectional study. Lancet Neurol 22:407–417.
Silverberg GD, Messier AA, Miller MC, Machan JT, Majmudar SS, Stopa EG, Donahue JE, Johanson CE. (2010). Amyloid efflux transporter expression at the blood-brain barrier declines in normal aging. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 69:1034–1043.
Simons E, Smith M, Dengler-Crish C, Crish S. (2021). Retinal ganglion cell loss and gliosis in the retinofugal projection following intravitreal exposure to amyloid-beta. Neurobiol Dis 147:105146.
Sinclair AJ. (2021). Managing older people with diabetes—we need better evidence with wise interpretation!. Age Ageing 50:1896–1898.
Singh B, Covelo A, Martell-Martínez H, Nanclares C, Sherman MA, Okematti E, Meints J, Teravskis PJ, Gallardo C, Savonenko AV. (2019). Tau is required for progressive synaptic and memory deficits in a transgenic mouse model of α-synucleinopathy. Acta Neuropathol 138:551–574.
Singh I, Sagare AP, Coma M, Perlmutter D, Gelein R, Bell RD, Deane RJ, Zhong E, Parisi M, Ciszewski J. (2013). Low levels of copper disrupt brain amyloid-βhomeostasis by altering its production and clearance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:14771–14776.
Sipula IJ, Brown NF, Perdomo G. (2006). Rapamycin-mediated inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin in skeletal muscle cells reduces glucose utilization and increases fatty acid oxidation. Metabolism 55:1637–1644.
Sitammagari KK, Masood W. (2022). Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease. In:StatPearls [Internet] Treasure Island (FL) StatPearls Publishing.
Smith C, Graham D, Murray L, Nicoll J. (2003). Tau immunohistochemistry in acute brain injury. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 29:496–502.
Smoter M, Bodnar L, Grala B, Stec R, Zieniuk K, Kozlowski W, Szczylik C. (2013). Tau protein as a potential predictive marker in epithelial ovarian cancer patients treated with paclitaxel/platinum first-line chemotherapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 32:1–8.
Sobey CG, Judkins CP, Sundararajan V, Phan TG, Drummond GR, Srikanth VK. (2015). Risk of major cardiovascular events in people with Down syndrome. PLoS One 10:e0137093.
Sokol DK, Chen D, Farlow MR, Dunn DW, Maloney B, Zimmer JA, Lahiri DK. (2006). High levels of Alzheimer beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) in children with severely autistic behavior and aggression. J Child Neurol 21:444–449.
Song MK, Bischoff DS, Song AM, Uyemura K, Yamaguchi DT. (2017). Metabolic relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease affected by Cyclo (His-Pro) plus zinc treatment. BBA Clin 7:41–54.
Soragni A, Zambelli B, Mukrasch MD, Biernat J, Jeganathan S, Griesinger C, Ciurli S, Mandelkow E, Zweckstetter M. (2008). Structural characterization of binding of Cu (II) to tau protein. Biochemistry 47:10841–10851.
Spagnoli LG, Bonanno E, Sangiorgi G, Mauriello A. (2007). Role of inflammation in atherosclerosis. J Nucl Med 48:1800–1815.
Spaide RF, Curcio CA. (2010). Drusen characterization with multimodal imaging. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa) 30:1441.
Spitzer P, Walter M, Göth C, Oberstein TJ, Linning P, Knölker HJ, Kornhuber J, Maler JM. (2020). Pharmacological inhibition of amyloidogenic APP processing and knock-down of APP in primary human macrophages impairs the secretion of cytokines. Front Immunol 11:1967.
Sreedharan J, Blair IP, Tripathi VB, Hu X, Vance C, Rogelj B, Ackerley S, Durnall JC, Williams KL, Buratti E, Baralle F, de Belleroche J, Mitchell JD, Leigh PN, Al-Chalabi A, Miller CC, Nicholson G, Shaw CE. (2008). TDP-43 mutations in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science 319:1668–1672.
Stakos DA, Stamatelopoulos K, Bampatsias D, Sachse M, Zormpas E, Vlachogiannis NI, Tual-Chalot S, Stellos K. (2020). The Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta hypothesis in cardiovascular aging and disease:JACC focus seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol 75:952–967.
Stamatelopoulos K, Pol CJ, Ayers C, Georgiopoulos G, Gatsiou A, Brilakis ES, Khera A, Drosatos K, de Lemos JA, Stellos K. (2018a). Amyloid-beta (1-40) peptide and subclinical cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 72:1060–1061.
Stamatelopoulos K, Mueller-Hennessen M, Georgiopoulos G, Sachse M, Boeddinghaus J, Sopova K, Gatsiou A, Amrhein C, Biener M, Vafaie M. (2018b). Amyloid-β(1-40) and mortality in patients with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome:a cohort study. Ann Intern Med 168:855–865.
Stamer K, Vogel R, Thies E, Mandelkow E, Mandelkow E-M. (2002). Tau blocks traffic of organelles neurofilaments and APP vesicles in neurons and enhances oxidative stress. J Cell Biol 156:1051–1063.
Stanciu GD, Bild V, Ababei DC, Rusu RN, Cobzaru A, Paduraru L, Bulea D. (2020). Link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease due to the shared amyloid aggregation and deposition involving both neurodegenerative changes and neurovascular damages. J Clin Med 9:1713.
Stellmach V, Crawford SE, Zhou W, Bouck N. (2001). Prevention of ischemia-induced retinopathy by the natural ocular antiangiogenic agent pigment epithelium-derived factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:2593–2597.
Strong MJ, Donison NS, Volkening K. (2020). Alterations in Tau metabolism in ALS and ALS-FTSD. Front Neurol 11:598907.
Sun J, Chen J, Li T, Huang P, Li J, Shen M, Gao M, Sun Y, Liang J, Li X. (2020). ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction driven by PU 1-regulated NOX4-p22phox activation in Aβ-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell injury. Theranostics 10:11637.
Sun X, Chen WD, Wang YD. (2015). β-Amyloid:the key peptide in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 6:221.
Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020:GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 71:209–249.
Surmeier DJ. (2018). Determinants of dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson's disease. FEBS J 285:3657–3668.
Suzanne M. (2012). Therapeutic targets of brain insulin resistance in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 4:1582.
Syme CD, Nadal RC, Rigby SE, Viles JH. (2004). Copper binding to the amyloid-β(Aβ) peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease:folding coordination geometry pH dependence stoichiometry and affinity of Aβ-(1–28):insights from a range of complementary spectroscopic techniques. J Biol Chem 279:18169–18177.
Tai C, Chang CW, Yu GQ, Lopez I, Yu X, Wang X, Guo W, Mucke L. (2020). Tau reduction prevents key features of autism in mouse models. Neuron 106:421–437.
Takagi K, Ito S, Miyazaki T, Miki Y, Shibahara Y, Ishida T, Watanabe M, Inoue S, Sasano H, Suzuki T. (2013). Amyloid precursor protein in human breast cancer:An androgen-induced gene associated with cell proliferation. Cancer Sci 104:1532–1538.
Takaichi Y, Chambers JK, Inoue H, Ano Y, Takashima A, Nakayama H, Uchida K. (2020). Phosphorylation and oligomerization of α-synuclein associated with GSK-3βactivation in the rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 8:86.
Tamaoka A, Matsuno S, Ono S, Shimizu N, Shoji S. (2000). Increased amyloid βprotein in the skin of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 247:633–635.
Tan W, Zou J, Yoshida S, Jiang B, Zhou Y. (2020). The role of inflammation in age-related macular degeneration. Int J Biol Sci 16:2989.
Tang Z, Bereczki E, Zhang H, Wang S, Li C, Ji X, Branca RM, Lehtiö J, Guan Z, Filipcik P. (2013). Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor) mediates tau protein dyshomeostasis:implication for Alzheimer disease. J Biol Chem 288:15556–15570.
Teravskis PJ, Covelo A, Miller EC, Singh B, Martell-Martínez HA, Benneyworth MA, Gallardo C, Oxnard BR, Araque A, Lee MK. (2018). A53T mutant alpha-synuclein induces tau-dependent postsynaptic impairment independently of neurodegenerative changes. J Neurosci 38:9754–9767.
Terzi M, Birinci A, Cetinkaya E, Onar M. (2007). Cerebrospinal fluid total tau protein levels in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 115:325–330.
Thomas T, Thomas G, McLendon C, Sutton T, Mullan M. (1996). β-Amyloid-mediated vasoactivity and vascular endothelial damage. Nature 380:168–171.
Thomas T, Miners S, Love S. (2015). Post-mortem assessment of hypoperfusion of cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Brain 138:1059–1069.
Tian Y, Zhang F, Qiu Y, Wang S, Li F, Zhao J, Pan C, Tao Y, Yu D, Wei W. (2021). Reduction of choroidal neovascularization via cleavable VEGF antibodies conjugated to exosomes derived from regulatory T cells. Nat Biomed Eng 5:968–982.
Tibolla G, Norata G, Meda C, Arnaboldi L, Uboldi P, Piazza F, Ferrarese C, Corsini A, Maggi A, Vegeto E. (2010). Increased atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in APP transgenic mice with apolipoprotein E deficiency. Atherosclerosis 210:78–87.
Tini G, Scagliola R, Monacelli F, La Malfa G, Porto I, Brunelli C, Rosa GM. (2020). Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease:a particular association. Cardiol Res Pract 2020:2617970.
Tomita K, Nakada T-a, Oshima T, Kawaguchi R, Oda S. (2020). Serum levels of tau protein increase according to the severity of the injury in DAI rat model. F1000Res 9:29.
Troncone L, Luciani M, Coggins M, Wilker EH, Ho CY, Codispoti KE, Frosch MP, Kayed R, Del Monte F. (2016). Aβamyloid pathology affects the hearts of patients with Alzheimer's disease:mind the heart. J Am Coll Cardiol 68:2395–2407.
Tsang JY, Lee MA, Chan TH, Li J, Ni YB, Shao Y, Chan SK, Cheungc SY, Lau KF, Gary M. (2018). Proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein by ADAM10 mediates proliferation and migration in breast cancer. EBioMedicine 38:89–99.
Tsitsopoulos PP, Marklund N. (2013). Amyloid-βpeptides and tau protein as biomarkers in cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid following traumatic brain injury:a review of experimental and clinical studies. Front Neurol 4:79.
Tublin JM, Adelstein JM, Del Monte F, Combs CK, Wold LE. (2019). Getting to the heart of Alzheimer disease. Circ Res 124:142–149.
Twohig D, Nielsen HM. (2019). α-synuclein in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 14:23.
Van Goor J, Massa G, Hirasing R. (1997). Increased incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Down's syndrome. Arch Dis Child 77:183.
Van Schependom J, Guldolf K, D'hooghe MB, Nagels G, D'haeseleer M. (2019). Detecting neurodegenerative pathology in multiple sclerosis before irreversible brain tissue loss sets in. Transl Neurodegener 8:37.
Vasili E, Dominguez-Meijide A, Outeiro TF. (2019). Spreading of α-synuclein and tau:a systematic comparison of the mechanisms involved. Front Mol Neurosci 12:107.
Vintilescu CR, Afreen S, Rubino AE, Ferreira A. (2016). The neurotoxic TAU45-230 fragment accumulates in upper and lower motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis subjects. Mol Med 22:477–486.
Violet M, Delattre L, Tardivel M, Sultan A, Chauderlier A, Caillierez R, Talahari S, Nesslany F, Lefebvre B, Bonnefoy E. (2014). A major role for Tau in neuronal DNA and RNA protection in vivo under physiological and hyperthermic conditions. Front Cell Neurosci 8:84.
Vuono R, Winder-Rhodes S, De Silva R, Cisbani G, Drouin-Ouellet J, Spillantini MG, Cicchetti F, Barker RA. (2015). The role of tau in the pathological process and clinical expression of Huntington's disease. Brain 138:1907–1918.
Wakabayashi T, Yamaguchi K, Matsui K, Sano T, Kubota T, Hashimoto T, Mano A, Yamada K, Matsuo Y, Kubota N. (2019). Differential effects of diet-and genetically-induced brain insulin resistance on amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 14:15.
Walker LC. (2018). Prion-like mechanisms in Alzheimer disease. Handb Clin Neurol 153:303–319.
Wallin MT, Culpepper WJ, Campbell JD, Nelson LM, Langer-Gould A, Marrie RA, Cutter GR, Kaye WE, Wagner L, Tremlett H. (2019). The prevalence of MS in the United States:a population-based estimate using health claims data. Neurology 92:e1029–1040.
Wang J, Ohno-Matsui K, Morita I. (2012). Elevated amyloid βproduction in senescent retinal pigment epithelium a possible mechanism of subretinal deposition of amyloid βin age-related macular degeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 423:73–78.
Wang J, Zhao C, Zhao A, Li M, Ren J, Qu X. (2015). New insights in amyloid beta interactions with human telomerase. J Am Chem Soc 137:1213–1219.
Wang L, Zhou Y, Chen D, Lee TH. (2020). Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase pin1 and alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 8:355.
Wang L, Mao X. (2021). Role of retinal amyloid-βin neurodegenerative diseases:overlapping mechanisms and emerging clinical applications. Int J Mol Sci 22:2360.
Wang L, Eom K, Kwon T. (2021). Different aggregation pathways and structures for Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides. Biomolecules 11:198.
Wang S, Zhou SL, Min FY, Ma JJ, Shi XJ, Bereczki E, Wu J. (2014). mTOR-mediated hyperphosphorylation of tau in the hippocampus is involved in cognitive deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Metab Brain Dis 29:729–736.
Wen Y, Yang SH, Liu R, Perez EJ, Brun-Zinkernagel AM, Koulen P, Simpkins JW. (2007). Cdk5 is involved in NFT-like tauopathy induced by transient cerebral ischemia in female rats. Biochim Biophys Acta 1772:473–483.
Winer JR, Maass A, Pressman P, Stiver J, Schonhaut DR, Baker SL, Kramer J, Rabinovici GD, Jagust WJ. (2018). Associations between tau β-amyloid and cognition in Parkinson disease. JAMA Neurol 75:227–235.
Woerman AL, Aoyagi A, Patel S, Kazmi SA, Lobach I, Grinberg LT, McKee AC, Seeley WW, Olson SH, Prusiner SB. (2016). Tau prions from Alzheimer's disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy patients propagate in cultured cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113::E8187–8196.
Wood H. (2018). Traumatic brain injury induces transmissible tau pathology. Nat Rev Neurol 14:570–571.
Wozniak J, Ludwig A. (2018). Novel role of APP cleavage by ADAM10 for breast cancer metastasis. EBioMedicine 38:5–6.
Wray S, Lewis PA. (2010). A tangled web–tau and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Front Psychiatry 1:150.
Wu J, Zhou SL, Pi LH, Shi XJ, Ma LR, Chen Z, Qu ML, Li X, Nie SD, Liao DF, Pei JJ, Wang S. (2017a). High glucose induces formation of tau hyperphosphorylation via Cav-1-mTOR pathway:a potential molecular mechanism for diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction. Oncotarget 8:40843–40856.
Wu K, Quan Z, Weng Z, Li F, Zhang Y, Yao X, Chen Y, Budman D, Goldberg ID, Shi YE. (2007). Expression of neuronal protein synuclein gamma gene as a novel marker for breast cancer prognosis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 101:259–267.
Wu L, Tan X, Liang L, Yu H, Wang C, Zhang D, Kijlstra A, Yang P. (2017b). The role of mitochondria-associated reactive oxygen species in the amyloid βinduced production of angiogenic factors by ARPE-19 cells. Curr Mol Med 17:140–148.
Wu X, Chen S, Lu C. (2020b). Amyloid precursor protein promotes the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 45:162–174.
Wu XL, Chen Y, Kong WC, Zhao ZQ. (2020a). Amyloid precursor protein regulates 5-fluorouracil resistance in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 21:234–245.
Wulf G, Garg P, Liou YC, Iglehart D, Lu KP. (2004). Modeling breast cancer in vivo and ex vivo reveals an essential role of Pin1 in tumorigenesis. EMBO J 23:3397–3407.
Xu J, Ying Y, Xiong G, Lai L, Wang Q, Yang Y. (2019). Amyloid βprecursor protein silencing attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via inhibition of the MAPK pathway. Mol Med Rep 20:409–416.
Yamamoto R, Yoneda S, Hara H. (2004). Neuroprotective effects of β-secretase inhibitors against rat retinal ganglion cell death. Neurosci Lett 370:61–64.
Yan Z, Liao H, Chen H, Deng S, Jia Y, Deng C, Lin J, Ge J, Zhuo Y. (2017). Elevated intraocular pressure induces amyloid-βdeposition and tauopathy in the lateral geniculate nucleus in a monkey model of glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 58:5434–5443.
Yang W, Sopper MM, Leystra-Lantz C, Strong MJ. (2003). Microtubule-associated tau protein positive neuronal and glial inclusions in ALS. Neurology 61:1766–1773.
Yang W, Ang LC, Strong MJ. (2005). Tau protein aggregation in the frontal and entorhinal cortices as a function of aging. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 156:127–138.
Yang W, Strong MJ. (2012). Widespread neuronal and glial hyperphosphorylated tau deposition in ALS with cognitive impairment. Amyotroph Lateral Scler 13:178–193.
Yao M, Teng H, Lv Q, Gao H, Guo T, Lin Y, Gao S, Ma M, Chen L. (2021). Anti-hyperglycemic effects of dihydromyricetin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Sci Hum Well 10:155–162.
Yarchoan M, James BD, Shah RC, Arvanitakis Z, Wilson RS, Schneider J, Bennett DA, Arnold SE. (2017). Association of cancer history with Alzheimer's disease dementia and neuropathology. J Alzheimers Dis 56:699–706.
Yin X, Jin N, Shi J, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Gong CX, Iqbal K, Liu F. (2017). Dyrk1A overexpression leads to increase of 3R-tau expression and cognitive deficits in Ts65Dn Down syndrome mice. Sci Rep 7:619.
Yoshida T, Ohno-Matsui K, Ichinose S, Sato T, Iwata N, Saido TC, Hisatomi T, Mochizuki M, Morita I. (2005). The potential role of amyloid βin the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. J Clin Invest 115:2793–2800.
Yu JH, Im CY, Min SH. (2020). Function of PIN1 in cancer development and its inhibitors as cancer therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 8:120.
Zammit MD, Tudorascu DL, Laymon CM, Hartley SL, Ellison PA, Zaman SH, Ances BM, Johnson SC, Stone CK, Sabbagh MN. (2021). Neurofibrillary tau depositions emerge with subthreshold cerebral beta-amyloidosis in down syndrome. Neuroimage Clin 31:102740.
Zanier ER, Bertani I, Sammali E, Pischiutta F, Chiaravalloti MA, Vegliante G, Masone A, Corbelli A, Smith DH, Menon DK. (2018). Induction of a transmissible tau pathology by traumatic brain injury. Brain 141:2685–2699.
Zayas-Santiago A, Díaz-García A, Nuñez-Rodríguez R, Inyushin M. (2020). Accumulation of amyloid beta in human glioblastomas. Clin Exp Immunol 202:325–334.
Zhang D, Zhou C, Li Y, Gao L, Pang Z, Yin G, Shi B. (2018). Amyloid precursor protein is overexpressed in bladder cancer and contributes to the malignant bladder cancer cell behaviors. Int J Urol 25:808–816.
Zhang W, Luo P. (2020). Myocardial infarction predisposes neurodegenerative diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 74:579–587.
Zhang YW, Thompson R, Zhang H, Xu H. (2011). APP processing in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Brain 4:3.
Zhao WQ, De Felice FG, Fernandez S, Chen H, Lambert MP, Quon MJ, Krafft GA, Klein WL. (2008). Amyloid beta oligomers induce impairment of neuronal insulin receptors. FASEB J 22:246–260.
Zhao XW, Zhou JP, Bi YL, Wang JY, Yu R, Deng C, Wang WK, Li XZ, Huang R, Zhang J, Tao DT. (2019). The role of MAPK signaling pathway in formation of EMT in oral squamous carcinoma cells induced by TNF-α. Mol Biol Rep 46:3149–3156.
Zhao Z, Zlokovic BV. (2021). Acetylated tau:a missing link between head injury and dementia. Med 2:637–639.
Zilka N, Novak M. (2006). The tangled story of Alois Alzheimer. Bratisl Lek Listy 107:343.
Żukiewicz-Sobczak W, Król R, Wróblewska P, Piątek J, Gibas-Dorna M. (2014). Huntington disease–Principles and practice of nutritional management. Neurol Neurochir Pol 48:442–448.