Incidence of non-affective psychotic disorders in refugees and peers growing up in Denmark and Sweden: a registry linkage study.
Comparative study
Incidence
Migrants
Non-affective psychotic disorders
Refugees
Journal
Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology
ISSN: 1433-9285
Titre abrégé: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 8804358
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 Nov 2023
02 Nov 2023
Historique:
received:
28
03
2023
accepted:
28
09
2023
medline:
3
11
2023
pubmed:
3
11
2023
entrez:
3
11
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
Higher rates of non-affective psychotic disorders (NAPD) in minority groups have been reported in many countries. However, few studies have explored how rates differ between refugees and other minority groups and none with an international comparative angle. A comparative perspective makes it possible to relate group differences to aspects national context that underpin the social determinants of disease. We compared the incidence of treated NAPD among youth born in or who immigrated to Denmark/Sweden before turning 18. Youth aged 18-35 during 2006-2018 were included (N Incidence rates were higher in all groups compared with the majority group (IRR Exposures shared between young refugees and other minority groups growing up in Denmark and Sweden may be especially important for their excess risk of NAPD. Further studies should investigate the mechanisms behind the elevated rates in minority groups with special paid attention to factors such as discrimination, social exclusion and acculturation stress.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37919440
doi: 10.1007/s00127-023-02578-x
pii: 10.1007/s00127-023-02578-x
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Vetenskapsrådet
ID : 2018-05783
Organisme : Vetenskapsrådet
ID : 2018-05783
Organisme : Vetenskapsrådet
ID : 2018-05783
Organisme : Vetenskapsrådet
ID : 2018-05783
Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
Références
Hjorthøj C, Stürup AE, McGrath JJ, Nordentoft M (2017) Years of potential life lost and life expectancy in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry 4:295–301
pubmed: 28237639
doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30078-0
Pinikahana J, Happell B, Hope J, Keks NA (2002) Quality of life in schizophrenia: a review of the literature from 1995 to 2000. Int J Ment Health Nurs 11:103–111
pubmed: 12430191
doi: 10.1046/j.1440-0979.2002.00233.x
Rinaldi M, Killackey E, Smith J et al (2010) First episode psychosis and employment: a review. Int Rev Psychiatry 22:148–162
pubmed: 20504055
doi: 10.3109/09540261003661825
Kirkbride JB, Barker D, Cowden F et al (2008) Psychoses, ethnicity and socio-economic status. Br J Psychiatry 193:18–24
pubmed: 18700213
doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.041566
Brandt L, Henssler J, Müller M et al (2019) Risk of psychosis among refugees: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiat 76:1133–1140
doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1937
Dapunt J, Kluge U, Heinz A (2017) Risk of psychosis in refugees: a literature review. Transl Psychiatry 7:e1149–e1149
pubmed: 28608852
pmcid: 5537641
doi: 10.1038/tp.2017.119
Hollander A, Dal H, Lewis G, Magnusson C, Kirkbride JB, Dalman C et al (2016) Refugee migration and risk of schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: cohort study of 1.3 million people in Sweden. BMJ 352:i1030. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i1030
doi: 10.1136/bmj.i1030
pubmed: 26979256
pmcid: 4793153
Cantor-Graae E, Selten J-P (2005) Schizophrenia and migration: a meta-analysis and review. Am J Psychiatry 162:12–24
pubmed: 15625195
doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.1.12
Henssler J, Brandt L, Müller M et al (2020) Migration and schizophrenia: meta-analysis and explanatory framework. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 270:325–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-019-01028-7
doi: 10.1007/s00406-019-01028-7
pubmed: 31161262
Jongsma HE, Turner C, Kirkbride JB, Jones PB (2019) International incidence of psychotic disorders, 2002–17: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Heal 4:e229–e244
doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30056-8
Varese F, Smeets F, Drukker M et al (2012) Childhood adversities increase the risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of patient-control, prospective-and cross-sectional cohort studies. Schizophr Bull 38:661–671
pubmed: 22461484
pmcid: 3406538
doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbs050
D’Andrea G, Lal J, Tosato S et al (2022) Child maltreatment, migration and risk of first-episode psychosis: results from the multinational EU-GEI study. Psychol Med. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172200335X
doi: 10.1017/S003329172200335X
pubmed: 36305570
pmcid: 10520604
Fazel M, Reed RV, Panter-Brick C, Stein A (2012) Mental health of displaced and refugee children resettled in high-income countries: risk and protective factors. Lancet 379:266–282
pubmed: 21835459
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60051-2
Bronstein I, Montgomery P (2011) Psychological distress in refugee children: a systematic review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 14:44–56
pubmed: 21181268
doi: 10.1007/s10567-010-0081-0
Morgan C, Hutchinson G (2010) The social determinants of psychosis in migrant and ethnic minority populations: a public health tragedy. Psychol Med 40:705–709
pubmed: 19335938
doi: 10.1017/S0033291709005546
Radua J, Ramella-Cravaro V, Ioannidis JPA et al (2018) What causes psychosis? An umbrella review of risk and protective factors. World Psychiatry 17:49–66
pubmed: 29352556
pmcid: 5775150
doi: 10.1002/wps.20490
Manhica H, Hollander A-C, Almquist YB et al (2016) Origin and schizophrenia in young refugees and inter-country adoptees from Latin America and East Africa in Sweden: a comparative study. BJPsych Open 2:6–9
pubmed: 27703747
pmcid: 4998945
doi: 10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002048
McGorry PD, Killackey E, Yung A (2008) Early intervention in psychosis: concepts, evidence and future directions. World Psychiatry 7:148–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2051-5545.2008.tb00182.x
doi: 10.1002/j.2051-5545.2008.tb00182.x
pubmed: 18836582
pmcid: 2559918
Austin SF, Mors O, Secher RG et al (2013) Predictors of recovery in first episode psychosis: the OPUS cohort at 10 year follow-up. Schizophr Res 150:163–168
pubmed: 23932664
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.031
Jørgensen P, Nordentoft M, Abel MB et al (2000) Early detection and assertive community treatment of young psychotics: the opus study rationale and design of the trial. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 35:283–287
pubmed: 11016522
doi: 10.1007/s001270050240
Bertelsen M, Jeppesen P, Petersen L et al (2008) Five-year follow-up of a randomized multicenter trial of intensive early intervention vs standard treatment for patients with a first episode of psychotic illness: the OPUS trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 65:762–771
pubmed: 18606949
doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.7.762
Bertelsen M, Jeppesen P, Petersen L et al (2009) Course of illness in a sample of 265 patients with first-episode psychosis—five-year follow-up of the Danish OPUS trial. Schizophr Res 107:173–178
pubmed: 18945593
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.09.018
Hastrup LH, Kronborg C, Bertelsen M et al (2013) Cost-effectiveness of early intervention in first-episode psychosis: economic evaluation of a randomised controlled trial (the OPUS study). Br J Psychiatry 202:35–41
pubmed: 23174515
doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.112.112300
Danske Regioner (2007) OPUS–Opsøgende behandling af psykotiske unge. Danske Regioner, Copenhagen
Nordentoft M, Melau M, Iversen T et al (2015) From research to practice: how OPUS treatment was accepted and implemented throughout Denmark. Early Interv Psychiatry 9:156–162
pubmed: 24304658
doi: 10.1111/eip.12108
Socialstyrelsen (2018) Nationella riktlinjer för vård och stöd vid schizofreni och schizofreniliknande tillstånd. https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/globalassets/sharepoint-dokument/artikelkatalog/nationella-riktlinjer/2018-9-6.pdf . Accessed 1 Nov 2021
Nordic Council of Ministers (2022) Immigrants in the Nordic countries. https://www.norden.org/en/statistics/immigrants-nordic-countries-0 . Accessed 12 Jul 2023
Pettersen SV, Østby L (2013) Immigrants in Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Samfunnsspeilet 5:76–83
Borevi K (2014) Multiculturalism and welfare state integration: Swedish model path dependency. Identities 21:708–723
doi: 10.1080/1070289X.2013.868351
Jervelund SS, Krasnik A, Rosenkrantz de Lasson A-K (2020) Coming of age in exile. Health and socio-economic inequalities in young refugees in the Nordic welfare societies. University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen
Jongsma HE, Gayer-Anderson C, Lasalvia A et al (2018) Treated incidence of psychotic disorders in the multinational EU-GEI study. JAMA Psychiat 75:36–46
doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3554
OECD What are equivalence scales. https://www.oecd.org/els/soc/OECD-Note-EquivalenceScales.pdf . Accessed 18 Oct 2021
EUROSTAT Degree of urbanisation. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/degree-of-urbanisation/background . Accessed 18 Oct 2021
StataCorp (2017) Stata Statistical Software: Release 15. StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX
StataCorp (2019) Stata Statistical Software: Release 16. StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX
Bourque F, van der Ven E, Malla A (2011) A meta-analysis of the risk for psychotic disorders among first-and second-generation immigrants. Psychol Med 41:897–910
pubmed: 20663257
doi: 10.1017/S0033291710001406
Selten J-P, Van Der Ven E, Termorshuizen F (2020) Migration and psychosis: a meta-analysis of incidence studies. Psychol Med 50:303–313
pubmed: 30722795
doi: 10.1017/S0033291719000035
Pearce J, Rafiq S, Simpson J, Varese F (2019) Perceived discrimination and psychosis: a systematic review of the literature. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 54:1023–1044
pubmed: 31236631
doi: 10.1007/s00127-019-01729-3
Dykxhoorn J, Lewis G, Hollander A-C et al (2020) Association of neighbourhood migrant density and risk of non-affective psychosis: a national, longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry 7:327–336
pubmed: 32145763
pmcid: 7083220
doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30059-6
Schofield P, Thygesen M, Das-Munshi J et al (2017) Ethnic density, urbanicity and psychosis risk for migrant groups – a population cohort study. Schizophr Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.032
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.03.032
pubmed: 28969931
pmcid: 5735221
Bosqui TJ, Hoy K, Shannon C (2014) A systematic review and meta-analysis of the ethnic density effect in psychotic disorders. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 49:519–529
pubmed: 24114240
doi: 10.1007/s00127-013-0773-0
Dunlavy A, Gauffin K, Berg L et al (2023) Health outcomes in young adulthood among former child refugees in Denmark, Norway and Sweden: A cross-country comparative study. Scand J Public Health 51:330–338
pubmed: 34304618
doi: 10.1177/14034948211031408
Scheppers E, Van Dongen E, Dekker J et al (2006) Potential barriers to the use of health services among ethnic minorities: a review. Fam Pract 23:325–348
pubmed: 16476700
doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmi113
Anderson KK, Flora N, Archie S et al (2014) A meta-analysis of ethnic differences in pathways to care at the first episode of psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 130:257–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12254
doi: 10.1111/acps.12254
pubmed: 24580102
pmcid: 4336563
Barnett P, Mackay E, Matthews H et al (2019) Ethnic variations in compulsory detention under the Mental Health Act: a systematic review and meta-analysis of international data. The Lancet Psychiatry 6:305–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30027-6
doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30027-6
pubmed: 30846354
pmcid: 6494977
Terhune J, Dykxhoorn J, Mackay E et al (2022) Migrant status and risk of compulsory admission at first diagnosis of psychotic disorder: A population-based cohort study in Sweden. Psychol Med 52:362–371. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720002068
doi: 10.1017/S0033291720002068
pubmed: 32578529
Norredam M, Garcia-Lopez A, Keiding N, Krasnik A (2010) Excess use of coercive measures in psychiatry among migrants compared with native Danes. Acta Psychiatr Scand 121:143–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01418.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01418.x
pubmed: 19594483
Anderson KK, Fuhrer R, Malla AK (2010) The pathways to mental health care of first-episode psychosis patients: a systematic review. Psychol Med 40:1585–1597
pubmed: 20236571
doi: 10.1017/S0033291710000371
Anderson KK, Fuhrer R, Malla AK (2013) “There are too many steps before you get to where you need to be”: help-seeking by patients with first-episode psychosis. J Ment Heal 22:384–395
doi: 10.3109/09638237.2012.705922
Jarvis GE, Iyer SN, Andermann L, Fung KP (2020) Culture and psychosis in clinical practice. In: A clinical introduction to psychosis. Elsevier, pp 85–112
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-815012-2.00004-3
Uggerby P, Østergaard SD, Røge R et al (2013) The validity of the schizophrenia diagnosis in the Danish psychiatric central research register is good. Dan Med J 60:A4578
pubmed: 23461991
Ludvigsson JF, Andersson E, Ekbom A et al (2011) External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register. BMC Public Health 11:1–16
doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-450
Jakobsen KD, Frederiksen JN, Hansen T et al (2005) Reliability of clinical ICD-10 schizophrenia diagnoses. Nord J Psychiatry 59:209–212
pubmed: 16195122
doi: 10.1080/08039480510027698
Forslund T, Kosidou K, Wicks S, Dalman C (2020) Trends in psychiatric diagnoses, medications and psychological therapies in a large Swedish region: a population-based study. BMC Psychiatry 20:1–9
doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02749-z
Dalman C, Broms J, Cullberg J, Allebeck P (2002) Young cases of schizophrenia identified in a national inpatient register. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 37:527–531
pubmed: 12395142
doi: 10.1007/s00127-002-0582-3
Ekholm B, Ekholm A, Adolfsson R et al (2005) Evaluation of diagnostic procedures in Swedish patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses. Nord J Psychiatry 59:457–464
pubmed: 16316898
doi: 10.1080/08039480500360906
Hogerzeil SJ, Hoek HW, van Hemert AM (2021) The impact of study design on schizophrenia incidence estimates: a systematic review of Northern European studies 2008–2019. Schizophr Res 231:134–141
pubmed: 33839371
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.03.017
Anderson KK, Norman R, MacDougall AG et al (2019) Estimating the incidence of first-episode psychosis using population-based health administrative data to inform early psychosis intervention services. Psychol Med 49:2091–2099
pubmed: 30311590
doi: 10.1017/S0033291718002933
Hogerzeil SJ, Van Hemert AM, Rosendaal FR et al (2014) Direct comparison of first-contact versus longitudinal register-based case finding in the same population: early evidence that the incidence of schizophrenia may be three times higher than commonly reported. Psychol Med 44:3481–3490
pubmed: 25066605
doi: 10.1017/S003329171400083X
Hogerzeil SJ, van Hemert AM (2019) Design choices when estimating the treated incidence of schizophrenia. Psychol Med 49:2635–2636
pubmed: 31347479
doi: 10.1017/S0033291719001338
Hogerzeil SJ, van Hemert AM, Veling W, Hoek HW (2017) Incidence of schizophrenia among migrants in the Netherlands: a direct comparison of first contact longitudinal register approaches. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 52:147–154
pubmed: 27847980
doi: 10.1007/s00127-016-1310-8
Pedersen CB, Mors O, Bertelsen A et al (2014) A comprehensive nationwide study of the incidence rate and lifetime risk for treated mental disorders. JAMA Psychiatry 71:573–581
doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.16
Modig K, Berglund A, Talbäck M et al (2017) Estimating incidence and prevalence from population registers: example from myocardial infarction. Scand J Public Health 45:5–13
pubmed: 28683658
doi: 10.1177/1403494817702327
Olejaz M, Juul Nielsen A, Rudkjøbing A et al (2012) Denmark: health system review. Health Syst Transit 14:1–192
Anell A, Glenngård AH, Merkur S (2012) Sweden: health system review. Health Syst Transit 14:1–159
pubmed: 22894859
de Montgomery CJ, Petersen JH, Jervelund SS (2020) Psychiatric healthcare utilisation among refugee adolescents and their peers in Denmark. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01878-w
doi: 10.1007/s00127-020-01878-w
pubmed: 32409884
Socialstyrelsen (2020) Bortfall och kvalitet i patientregistret. https://www.socialstyrelsen.se/statistik-och-data/register/alla-register/patientregistret/bortfall-och-kvalitet/ . Accessed 2 Feb 2022