Subclinical giant cell arteritis increases the risk of relapse in polymyalgia rheumatica.

The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical significance of subclinical giant cell arteritis (GCA) in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and ascertain its optimal treatment approach. Patients with PMR who fulfilled the 2012 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology/American College of Rheumatology Provisional Classification Criteria for PMR, did not have GCA symptoms and were routinely followed up for 2 years and were stratified into two groups, according to their ultrasound results: isolated PMR and PMR with subclinical GCA. The outcomes (relapses, glucocorticoid use and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug treatments) between groups were compared. We included 150 patients with PMR (50 with subclinical GCA) with a median (IQR) follow-up of 22 (20-24) months. Overall, 47 patients (31.3 %) had a relapse, 31 (62%) in the subclinical GCA group and 16 (16%) in the isolated PMR group (p<0.001). Among patients with subclinical GCA, no differences were found in the mean (SD) prednisone starting dosage between relapsed and non-relapsed patients (32.4±15.6 vs 35.5±12.1 mg, respectively, p=0.722). Patients with subclinical GCA who relapsed had a faster prednisone dose tapering in the first 3 months compared with the non-relapsed patients, with a mean dose at the third month of 10.0±5.2 versus 15.2±7.9 mg daily (p<0.001). No differences were found between relapsing and non-relapsed patients with subclinical GCA regarding age, sex, C reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Patients with PMR and subclinical GCA had a significantly higher number of relapses during a 2-year follow-up than patients with isolated PMR. Lower starting doses and rapid glucocorticoid tapering in the first 3 months emerged as risk factors for relapse.

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Competing interests: EDM: Research funding/consulting and conferences fees from AbbVie, Novartis, Roche, Pfizer, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, BMS, UCB, Grunenthal and Sanofi. RK, PM, EC, SC, SM, ZB, GK, PF, DK, CC and AH: No conflict of interest. CP: Research grants and/or consultancy fees from AbbVie, Vifor, Roche, GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca. AT: Advisory board Novartis. IM: Speakers bureau: Roche, Novartis, UCB, Gedeon Richter and Janssen. Consultant: Roche.