Emergency Free School Meal Distribution During the COVID-19 Pandemic in High-Poverty Urban Settings.
COVID-19
Food insecurity
School meals
Seamless Summer Option
Summer Food Service Program
Journal
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
ISSN: 2212-2672
Titre abrégé: J Acad Nutr Diet
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101573920
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
05 Nov 2023
05 Nov 2023
Historique:
received:
26
01
2023
revised:
02
09
2023
accepted:
02
11
2023
pubmed:
8
11
2023
medline:
8
11
2023
entrez:
7
11
2023
Statut:
aheadofprint
Résumé
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic triggered nationwide school closures in March 2020, putting millions of children in the United States who were reliant on subsidized school meals at risk of experiencing hunger. In response, the US Department of Agriculture mobilized the Summer Food Service Program and Seamless Summer Option program to provide emergency free school meals. There is a need to investigate the effectiveness of these programs in covering underresourced communities during the pandemic. This study assessed associations between meal distribution and census tract demographics (ie, poverty level, race/ethnicity, and deprivation level based on social deprivation index score). An observational study using longitudinal meal distribution data collected over an 18-month period following school closures (March 2020 to August 2021). Monthly meal distribution data were collected for community sites serving 142 census tracts within 4 urban New Jersey cities predominantly populated by people with low incomes and from racial and ethnic minority groups. Main outcome measures were the number of meals served monthly by Summer Food Service Program and Seamless Summer Option meal sites. A 2-part multivariable regression approach was used to analyze the data. In the first step, logistic regression models showed that high-deprivation tracts were more likely to serve meals during the observed period (odds ratio 3.43, 95% CI 1.001 to 11.77; P = 0.0499). In the second step, among tracts that served any meals during the observed period, mixed effects negative binomial regression models showed that high-poverty and high-deprivation tracts served comparatively more meals (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.83, 95% CI 2.29 to 3.51; P < 0.001 and IRR 1.94, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.28; P < 0.001, respectively). Findings show that meal distribution during the pandemic was higher within census tracts with higher poverty and deprivation levels, indicating that underresourced communities with higher need had more free meals available during this unprecedented public health emergency.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic triggered nationwide school closures in March 2020, putting millions of children in the United States who were reliant on subsidized school meals at risk of experiencing hunger. In response, the US Department of Agriculture mobilized the Summer Food Service Program and Seamless Summer Option program to provide emergency free school meals. There is a need to investigate the effectiveness of these programs in covering underresourced communities during the pandemic.
OBJECTIVE
OBJECTIVE
This study assessed associations between meal distribution and census tract demographics (ie, poverty level, race/ethnicity, and deprivation level based on social deprivation index score).
DESIGN
METHODS
An observational study using longitudinal meal distribution data collected over an 18-month period following school closures (March 2020 to August 2021).
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
METHODS
Monthly meal distribution data were collected for community sites serving 142 census tracts within 4 urban New Jersey cities predominantly populated by people with low incomes and from racial and ethnic minority groups.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
METHODS
Main outcome measures were the number of meals served monthly by Summer Food Service Program and Seamless Summer Option meal sites.
STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED
METHODS
A 2-part multivariable regression approach was used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
RESULTS
In the first step, logistic regression models showed that high-deprivation tracts were more likely to serve meals during the observed period (odds ratio 3.43, 95% CI 1.001 to 11.77; P = 0.0499). In the second step, among tracts that served any meals during the observed period, mixed effects negative binomial regression models showed that high-poverty and high-deprivation tracts served comparatively more meals (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.83, 95% CI 2.29 to 3.51; P < 0.001 and IRR 1.94, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.28; P < 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Findings show that meal distribution during the pandemic was higher within census tracts with higher poverty and deprivation levels, indicating that underresourced communities with higher need had more free meals available during this unprecedented public health emergency.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37935347
pii: S2212-2672(23)01653-2
doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.11.006
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2023 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.