Health insurance coverage and poverty status of postpartum women in the United States in 2019: an ACS-PUMS population-based cross-sectional study.
Health Disparate, Minority and vulnerable populations
Health Policy
Postpartum period
Poverty
Universal Health Insurance
Journal
BMC public health
ISSN: 1471-2458
Titre abrégé: BMC Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100968562
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 11 2023
08 11 2023
Historique:
received:
28
11
2022
accepted:
27
10
2023
medline:
10
11
2023
pubmed:
9
11
2023
entrez:
8
11
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
A quarter of United States (US) postpartum women still report unmet health care needs and health care unaffordability. We aimed to study associations between receipt of health insurance coverage and poverty status/receipt of government financial support and determine coverage gaps overall and by social factors among US postpartum women in poverty. This study design is a cross-sectional study using secondary data. We included women who gave birth within the last 12 months from 2019 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample. Poverty was defined as having an income-to-poverty ratio of less than 100%. We explored Medicaid/government medical assistance gaps among women in poverty. To examine the associations between Medicaid/government medical assistance (exposures) and poverty/government financial support (outcomes), we used age-, race-, and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models. We also evaluated the associations of state, race, citizenship status, or language other than English spoken at home (exposures) with receipt of Medicaid/government medical assistance (outcomes) among women in poverty through multivariable-adjusted logistic regression. It was notable that 35.6% of US postpartum women in poverty did not have Medicaid/government medical assistance and only a small proportion received public assistance income (9.8%)/supplementary security income (3.1%). Women with Medicaid/government medical assistance, compared with those without the coverage, had statistically significantly higher odds of poverty [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.15, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.85-3.48], having public assistance income (aOR: 24.52 [95% CI: 17.31-34.73]), or having supplementary security income (aOR: 4.22 [95% CI: 2.81-6.36]). Also, among postpartum women in poverty, women in states that had not expanded Medicaid, those of Asian or other race, non-US citizens, and those speaking another language had statistically significantly higher odds of not receiving Medicaid/government medical assistance [aORs (95% CIs): 2.93 (2.55-3.37); 1.30 (1.04-1.63); 3.65 (3.05-4.38); and 2.08 (1.86-2.32), respectively]. Our results showed that the receipt of Medicaid/government medical assistance is significantly associated with poverty and having government financial support. However, postpartum women in poverty still had Medicaid/government medical assistance gaps, especially those who lived in states that had not expanded Medicaid, those of Asian or other races, non-US citizens, and other language speakers.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
A quarter of United States (US) postpartum women still report unmet health care needs and health care unaffordability. We aimed to study associations between receipt of health insurance coverage and poverty status/receipt of government financial support and determine coverage gaps overall and by social factors among US postpartum women in poverty.
METHODS
This study design is a cross-sectional study using secondary data. We included women who gave birth within the last 12 months from 2019 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample. Poverty was defined as having an income-to-poverty ratio of less than 100%. We explored Medicaid/government medical assistance gaps among women in poverty. To examine the associations between Medicaid/government medical assistance (exposures) and poverty/government financial support (outcomes), we used age-, race-, and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models. We also evaluated the associations of state, race, citizenship status, or language other than English spoken at home (exposures) with receipt of Medicaid/government medical assistance (outcomes) among women in poverty through multivariable-adjusted logistic regression.
RESULTS
It was notable that 35.6% of US postpartum women in poverty did not have Medicaid/government medical assistance and only a small proportion received public assistance income (9.8%)/supplementary security income (3.1%). Women with Medicaid/government medical assistance, compared with those without the coverage, had statistically significantly higher odds of poverty [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.15, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.85-3.48], having public assistance income (aOR: 24.52 [95% CI: 17.31-34.73]), or having supplementary security income (aOR: 4.22 [95% CI: 2.81-6.36]). Also, among postpartum women in poverty, women in states that had not expanded Medicaid, those of Asian or other race, non-US citizens, and those speaking another language had statistically significantly higher odds of not receiving Medicaid/government medical assistance [aORs (95% CIs): 2.93 (2.55-3.37); 1.30 (1.04-1.63); 3.65 (3.05-4.38); and 2.08 (1.86-2.32), respectively].
CONCLUSIONS
Our results showed that the receipt of Medicaid/government medical assistance is significantly associated with poverty and having government financial support. However, postpartum women in poverty still had Medicaid/government medical assistance gaps, especially those who lived in states that had not expanded Medicaid, those of Asian or other races, non-US citizens, and other language speakers.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37940901
doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17087-4
pii: 10.1186/s12889-023-17087-4
pmc: PMC10634014
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2200Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s).
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