Structural Plasticity of the Carotid Body.
Aging
Cell hypertrophy
Glomus cell volume
Hyperplasia
Neovascularization
Neural crest-derived stem cells
Structural plasticity
Vasodilation
Journal
Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology
ISSN: 0301-5556
Titre abrégé: Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 0407712
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
medline:
13
11
2023
pubmed:
10
11
2023
entrez:
9
11
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The mammalian carotid body (CB) exhibits considerable plasticity of its structure during development and aging and as a consequence of environmental, metabolic and inflammatory stimuli. The structural changes during maturation include an enlargement of the total and vascular volume of the CB. Conversely, aging results in a reduction in the number and volume of glomus cells with progressive cellular degeneration and an apparent increase in the surrounding connective tissue. Age-related structural alterations are similar to those during chronic hypoxia. Long-term hypoxic exposure and sodium nitrate treatment enlarge several-fold the size of the rat CB causing glomus cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and evoke changes in its vascular structure, inducing marked vasodilation and neovascularization. In humans, such structural CB adaptation responses to prolonged hypoxia occur during acclimatization to high altitudes. On the other hand, the hyperoxic CB is significantly smaller than those of age-matched normoxic controls. Morphological alterations in the CB in both hypertensive animals and humans are characterized by a slightly enlarged parenchyma without apparent vascular expansion and/or dilation. The CB structural plasticity depends on the existence of a population of multipotent neural crest-derived stem cells, which are activated during hypoxia to proliferate and differentiate into new both neuronal (glomus) and vascular cell types.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37946076
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-44757-0_4
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
37-48Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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