Latin American Trans-ancestry INitiative for OCD genomics (LATINO): Study protocol.

GWAS Latin American OCD genetic genomic obsessive-compulsive disorder

Journal

American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics
ISSN: 1552-485X
Titre abrégé: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101235742

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
09 Nov 2023
Historique:
revised: 26 09 2023
received: 03 04 2023
accepted: 06 10 2023
pubmed: 10 11 2023
medline: 10 11 2023
entrez: 10 11 2023
Statut: aheadofprint

Résumé

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder. Worldwide, its prevalence is ~2% and its etiology is mostly unknown. Identifying biological factors contributing to OCD will elucidate underlying mechanisms and might contribute to improved treatment outcomes. Genomic studies of OCD are beginning to reveal long-sought risk loci, but >95% of the cases currently in analysis are of homogenous European ancestry. If not addressed, this Eurocentric bias will result in OCD genomic findings being more accurate for individuals of European ancestry than other ancestries, thereby contributing to health disparities in potential future applications of genomics. In this study protocol paper, we describe the Latin American Trans-ancestry INitiative for OCD genomics (LATINO, https://www.latinostudy.org). LATINO is a new network of investigators from across Latin America, the United States, and Canada who have begun to collect DNA and clinical data from 5000 richly phenotyped OCD cases of Latin American ancestry in a culturally sensitive and ethical manner. In this project, we will utilize trans-ancestry genomic analyses to accelerate the identification of OCD risk loci, fine-map putative causal variants, and improve the performance of polygenic risk scores in diverse populations. We will also capitalize on rich clinical data to examine the genetics of treatment response, biologically plausible OCD subtypes, and symptom dimensions. Additionally, LATINO will help elucidate the diversity of the clinical presentations of OCD across cultures through various trainings developed and offered in collaboration with Latin American investigators. We believe this study will advance the important goal of global mental health discovery and equity.

Identifiants

pubmed: 37946624
doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32962
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

e32962

Subventions

Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : K01 MH121659
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCCIH NIH HHS
ID : 1R34AT010661-0
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : K01 MH121659
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCCIH NIH HHS
ID : 1R34AT010661-0
Pays : United States

Investigateurs

Jonathan S Abramowitz (JS)
Victor R Adorno (VR)
Cinthia Aguirre (C)
Gilberto S Alves (GS)
Gustavo S Alves (GS)
NaEshia Ancalade (N)
Jacey L Anderberg (JL)
Alejandro A Arellano Espinosa (AA)
Paul D Arnold (PD)
Elizabeth G Atkinson (EG)
Daphne M Ayton (DM)
Izabela G Barbosa (IG)
Laura Marcela Barón Castano (LMB)
Cynthia N Barrera (CN)
María Celeste Berardo (MC)
Dayan Berrones (D)
John R Best (JR)
Tim B Bigdeli (TB)
Tania Borda (T)
Christie L Burton (CL)
Joseph D Buxbaum (JD)
Jennifer L Callahan (JL)
Carolina Cappi (C)
Maria Cecília B Carneiro (MCB)
Sandra L Cepeda (SL)
Evelyn Chazelle (E)
Jessica M Chire (JM)
Macarena Churruca Munoz (MC)
Pamela Claisse Quiroz (PC)
Journa Cobite (J)
Jonathan S Comer (JS)
Daniel L Costa (DL)
Jennifer Crosbie (J)
James J Crowley (JJ)
Victor O Cruz (VO)
Guillermo Dager (G)
Luisa F Daza (LF)
Anabel de la Rosa-Gómez (A)
Daniela Del Río (D)
Fernanda Z Delage (FZ)
Carolina B Dreher (CB)
Lucila Fay (L)
Tomas Fazio (T)
Ygor A Ferrão (YA)
Gabriela M Ferreira (GM)
Edith G Figueroa (EG)
Leonardo F Fontenelle (LF)
Diego A Forero (DA)
Daniele Th Fragoso (DT)
Renee M Frederick (RM)
Bharathi S Gadad (BS)
Sheldon R Garrison (SR)
Paola Giusti-Rodriguez (P)
Laura D Gonzalez (LD)
Andres González (A)
Marco A González (MA)
Polaris Gonzalez-Barrios (P)
Wayne Goodman (W)
Dorothy E Grice (DE)
Jerry Guintivano (J)
Daniel G Guttfreund (DG)
Andrew G Guzick (AG)
Matthew W Halvorsen (MW)
Joseph D Hovey (JD)
Hailiang Huang (H)
Jonathan Irreño-Sotomonte (J)
Reinhard Janssen-Aguilar (R)
Matias Jensen (M)
Alexandra Z Jimenez Reynolds (AZ)
Joali Alexandra Juárez Lujambio (JAJ)
Nasim Khalfe (N)
Madison A Knutsen (MA)
Minjee Kook (M)
Caleb Lack (C)
Nuria Lanzagorta (N)
Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz (G)
Monicke O Lima (MO)
Melanie O Longhurst (MO)
David A Lozada Martinez (DA)
Elba S Luna (ES)
Andrea H Marques (AH)
Molly Martinez (M)
Mayra C Martinez Mallen (MC)
Karen G Martinez-Gonzalez (KG)
Maria de Los Angeles Matos (M)
Manuel Mattheisen (M)
Caitlyn E Maye (CE)
Joseph F McGuire (JF)
Gabriela Menezes (G)
Euripedes C Miguel (EC)
Charlene Minaya (C)
Tomás Miño (T)
Sara M Mithani (SM)
Circe Montes de Oca (CM)
Alonso Morales-Rivero (A)
Maria E Moreira-de-Oliveira (ME)
Olivia J Morris (OJ)
Pablo R Moya (PR)
María Beatriz Moyano (MB)
Sandra I Muñoz (SI)
Zainab Naqqash (Z)
Humberto Nicolini (H)
Ambar A Núñez Bracho (AA)
Belinda E Núñez Bracho (BE)
Maria Corina Ochoa Rojas (MCO)
Marcos E Ochoa-Panaifo (ME)
Luis A Olavarria Castaman (LA)
Trinidad Olivos Balmaceda (TO)
Iliana Ortega (I)
Darpan I Patel (DI)
Michele T Pato (MT)
Ainsley K Patrick (AK)
Mariel Paz Y Mino (MPY)
Jose L Perales Orellana (JL)
Bárbara Perdigão Stumpf (BP)
Tamara Peregrina (T)
Stacey Pereira (S)
Tania Pérez Duarte (TP)
Kelly L Piacsek (KL)
Maritza Placencia (M)
María Belén Prieto (MB)
Lucas C Quarantini (LC)
Yana Quarantini-Alvim (Y)
Iaroslava C Ramos (IC)
Renato T Ramos (RT)
Vanessa R Ramos (VR)
Kesley A Ramsey (KA)
Diana Rancourt (D)
Elise V Ray (EV)
Margaret A Richter (MA)
Bradley C Riemann (BC)
Juan C Rivas (JC)
Carolyn I Rodriguez (CI)
Maria C Rosario (MC)
Camilo J Ruggero (CJ)
Angel A Ruiz-Chow (AA)
Alejandra Ruiz-Velasco (A)
Melisa N Sagarnaga (MN)
Aline S Sampaio (AS)
Leonardo C Saraiva (LC)
Russell J Schachar (RJ)
Sophie C Schneider (SC)
Ethan J Schweissing (EJ)
Laura D Seligman (LD)
Roseli G Shavitt (RG)
Keaton J Soileau (KJ)
S Evelyn Stewart (SE)
Eric A Storch (EA)
Shaina B Storch (SB)
Emily R Strouphauer (ER)
Vissente Tapia Cuevas (VT)
Kiara R Timpano (KR)
Beatriz Treviño-de la Garza (BT)
Alexie Vallejo-Silva (A)
Javier Vargas-Medrano (J)
María I Vásquez (MI)
Guadalupe Vidal Martinez (GV)
Saira A Weinzimmer (SA)
Andrew D Wiese (AD)
Mauricio A Yanez (MA)
Gwyneth Zai (G)
Lina M Zapata-Restrepo (LM)
Luz M Zappa (LM)
Raquel M Zepeda-Burgos (RM)
Anthony W Zoghbi (AW)
Aline Santos Sampaio (AS)
Ana Gabriela Hounie (AG)
Ana Paula Ribeiro (AP)
Angela Rodrigues Souza E Silva (AR)
Ariane Fadel Martinho (AF)
Bárbara Luciane Perdigão Stumpf (BLP)
Bianca Torres Mendonça de Melo Fadel (BTM)
Camila Vale Porto (CV)
Carina Freitas Chacur (CF)
Carla Pereira Loureiro (CP)
Carolina Blaya Dreher (CB)
Carolina Cappi (C)
Cristiane Flôres Bortoncello (CF)
Daniel Lucas da Conceição Costa (DL)
Daniele Tamae Hashimoto Fragoso (DTH)
Euripedes Constantino Miguel (EC)
Fernanda Zetola Delage (FZ)
Flávia Cervone (F)
Gabriela Bezerra de Menezes (GB)
Gabriela Cirqueira de Souza Barros (GC)
Gabriela Mourão Ferreira (GM)
Gilberto Sousa Alves (GS)
Gustavo Santiago Alves (GS)
Hugo Caminha (H)
Izabela Guimarães Barbosa (IG)
Jaqueline Cenci (J)
Julia Fernandes Eigenheer Muhlbauer (JFE)
Juliana Rigue da Silva (JR)
Leonardo Cardoso Saraiva (LC)
Leonardo Franklin da Costa Fontenelle (LF)
Lígia S Camba Lopez (LS)
Livi Ferreira Testoni de Faro (LFT)
Luan Pinheiro Domingues Moreira (LPD)
Luana Dumans Laurito (LD)
Lucas de Castro Quarantini (L)
Luciana Midori Samezima (LM)
Luiz Felipe Guimarães Dos Santos Martins (LFG)
Marcos Vinícius Sousa de Oliveira (MVS)
Maria Alice de Mathis (MA)
Maria Carolina Paraíso Lopes (MCP)
Maria Cecília Carneiro (MC)
Maria Conceição do Rosário (MC)
Maria Eduarda Ismerio Moreira de Oliveira (MEIM)
Marina Martorelli Pinho (MM)
Monicke de Oliveira Lima (M)
Nádia Nagano (N)
Patrycia Chedid Danna (PC)
Pedro Pereira Fortes da Silva (PPF)
Raquel Fernandes de Jesus Cardoso (RF)
Renan Barbosa de Christo (RB)
Richard Chuquel Silveira de Avila (RCS)
Rodrigo Bolsson Radins (RB)
Roseli Gedanke Shavitt (RG)
Samara Dos Santos Ribeiro (S)
Tatiane Veríssimo da Silveira Meirelles (TV)
Thays Mendes Aguiar (TM)
Theresa Kerolayne da Silva Sousa (TK)
Thiago Blanco Vieira (TB)
Vanessa Rogério Ramos (VR)
Veronica Huhne de Vasconcellos (VH)
Yana Quarantini Alvim (YQ)
Ygor Arzeno Ferrão (YA)

Commentaires et corrections

Type : UpdateOf

Informations de copyright

© 2023 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Références

Abramovitch, A., Abramowitz, J. S., & McKay, D. (2021). The OCI-4: An ultra-brief screening scale for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 78, 102354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102354
Abramowitz, J. S., McKay, D., & Storch, E. A. (2017). The Wiley handbook of obsessive compulsive disorders. John Wiley & Sons. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=9okpDwAAQBAJ
All of Us Research Program Investigators, Denny, J. C., Rutter, J. L., Goldstein, D. B., Philippakis, A., Smoller, J. W., Jenkins, G., & Dishman, E. (2019). The “all of us” research program. The New England Journal of Medicine, 381(7), 668-676. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsr1809937
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association.
Atkinson, E. G., Maihofer, A. X., Kanai, M., Martin, A. R., Karczewski, K. J., Santoro, M. L., Ulirsch, J. C., Kamatani, Y., Okada, Y., Finucane, H. K., Koenen, K. C., Nievergelt, C. M., Daly, M. J., & Neale, B. M. (2021). Tractor uses local ancestry to enable the inclusion of admixed individuals in GWAS and to boost power. Nature Genetics, 53(2), 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-020-00766-y
Benuto, L. T. (2017). Toolkit for counseling Spanish-speaking clients: Enhancing behavioral health services. Springer. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=QK4-DwAAQBAJ
Bigdeli, T. B., Genovese, G., Georgakopoulos, P., Meyers, J. L., Peterson, R. E., Iyegbe, C. O., Medeiros, H., Valderrama, J., Achtyes, E. D., Kotov, R., Stahl, E. A., Abbott, C., Azevedo, M. H., Belliveau, R. A., Bevilacqua, E., Bromet, E. J., Byerley, W., Carvalho, C. B., Chapman, S. B., … Pato, C. N. (2020). Contributions of common genetic variants to risk of schizophrenia among individuals of African and Latino ancestry. Molecular Psychiatry, 25(10), 2455-2467. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0517-y
Bloch, M. H., Landeros-Weisenberger, A., Rosario, M. C., Pittenger, C., & Leckman, J. F. (2008). Meta-analysis of the symptom structure of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(12), 1532-1542. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08020320
Brander, G., Kuja-Halkola, R., Rosenqvist, M. A., Rück, C., Serlachius, E., Fernández de la Cruz, L., Lichtenstein, P., Crowley, J. J., Larsson, H., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2021). A population-based family clustering study of tic-related obsessive-compulsive disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 26(4), 1224-1233. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0532-z
Browne, H. A., Hansen, S. N., Buxbaum, J. D., Gair, S. L., Nissen, J. B., Nikolajsen, K. H., Schendel, D. E., Reichenberg, A., Parner, E. T., & Grice, D. E. (2015). Familial clustering of tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(4), 359-366. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2656
Bulik-Sullivan, B. K., Loh, P.-R., Finucane, H. K., Ripke, S., Yang, J., Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Patterson, N., Daly, M. J., Price, A. L., & Neale, B. M. (2015). LD score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies. Nature Genetics, 47(3), 291-295. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3211
Camarena, B., Atkinson, E. G., Baker, M., Becerra-Palars, C., Chibnik, L. B., Escamilla-Orozco, R., Jiménez-Pavón, J., Koenig, Z., Márquez-Luna, C., Martin, A. R., Morales-Cedillo, I. P., Olivares, A. M., Ortega-Ortiz, H., Rodriguez-Ramírez, A. M., Saracco-Alvarez, R., Basaldua, R. E., Sena, B. F., & Koenen, K. C. (2021). Neuropsychiatric genetics of psychosis in the Mexican population: A genome-wide association study protocol for schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar disorder patients and controls. Complex Psychiatry, 7(3-4), 60-70. https://doi.org/10.1159/000518926
Cappi, C., Oliphant, M. E., Péter, Z., Zai, G., Conceição do Rosário, M., Sullivan, C. A. W., Gupta, A. R., Hoffman, E. J., Virdee, M., Olfson, E., Abdallah, S. B., Willsey, A. J., Shavitt, R. G., Miguel, E. C., Kennedy, J. L., Richter, M. A., & Fernandez, T. V. (2020). De novo damaging DNA coding mutations are associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder and overlap with Tourette's disorder and autism. Biological Psychiatry, 87(12), 1035-1044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.029
Chamberlain, S. R., & Grant, J. E. (2018). Initial validation of a transdiagnostic compulsivity questionnaire: The Cambridge-Chicago compulsivity trait scale. CNS Spectrums, 23(5), 340-346. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852918000810
Conrad, D. F., Jakobsson, M., Coop, G., Wen, X., Wall, J. D., Rosenberg, N. A., & Pritchard, J. K. (2006). A worldwide survey of haplotype variation and linkage disequilibrium in the human genome. Nature Genetics, 38(11), 1251-1260. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1911
Devlin, B., & Roeder, K. (1999). Genomic control for association studies. Biometrics, 55(4), 997-1004. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0006-341x.1999.00997.x
Endicott, J., Nee, J., Harrison, W., & Blumenthal, R. (1993). Quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire: A new measure. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 29(2), 321-326. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8290681
Endicott, J., Nee, J., Yang, R., & Wohlberg, C. (2006). Pediatric quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire (PQ-LES-Q): Reliability and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(4), 401-407. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000198590.38325.81
Fernández de la Cruz, L., Rydell, M., Runeson, B., D'Onofrio, B. M., Brander, G., Rück, C., Lichtenstein, P., Larsson, H., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2017). Suicide in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A population-based study of 36 788 Swedish patients. Molecular Psychiatry, 22(11), 1626-1632. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.115
First, M. B., & Williams, J. B. W. (2016). SCID-5-CV: Structured clinical interview for DSM-5 disorders: Clinician version. American Psychiatric Association Publishing. http://worldcat.org/title/956516736
Fullana, M. A., Mataix-Cols, D., Caspi, A., Harrington, H., Grisham, J. R., Moffitt, T. E., & Poulton, R. (2009). Obsessions and compulsions in the community: Prevalence, interference, help-seeking, developmental stability, and co-occurring psychiatric conditions. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(3), 329-336. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08071006
Gámez, W., Chmielewski, M., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., Suzuki, N., & Watson, D. (2014). The brief experiential avoidance questionnaire: development and initial validation. Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034473
Gaziano, J. M., Concato, J., Brophy, M., Fiore, L., Pyarajan, S., Breeling, J., Whitbourne, S., Deen, J., Shannon, C., Humphries, D., Guarino, P., Aslan, M., Anderson, D., LaFleur, R., Hammond, T., Schaa, K., Moser, J., Huang, G., Muralidhar, S., … O'Leary, T. J. (2016). Million veteran program: A mega-biobank to study genetic influences on health and disease. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 70, 214-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.09.016
Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Delgado, P., Heninger, G. R., & Charney, D. S. (1989). The Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale. II. Validity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46(11), 1012-1016. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110054008
Goodman, W. K., Storch, E. A., & Sheth, S. A. (2021). Harmonizing the neurobiology and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 178(1), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20111601
Goodwin, R., Koenen, K. C., Hellman, F., Guardino, M., & Struening, E. (2002). Helpseeking and access to mental health treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 106(2), 143-149. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.01221.x
Grassi, G., Cecchelli, C., Vignozzi, L., & Pacini, S. (2020). Investigational and experimental drugs to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Experimental Pharmacology, 12, 695-706. https://doi.org/10.2147/JEP.S255375
Guy, W. (1976). ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=B4mZEZQRZUEC
Halvorsen, M., Samuels, J., Wang, Y., Greenberg, B. D., Fyer, A. J., McCracken, J. T., Geller, D. A., Knowles, J. A., Zoghbi, A. W., Pottinger, T. D., Grados, M. A., Riddle, M. A., Bienvenu, O. J., Nestadt, P. S., Krasnow, J., Goes, F. S., Maher, B., Nestadt, G., & Goldstein, D. B. (2021). Exome sequencing in obsessive-compulsive disorder reveals a burden of rare damaging coding variants. Nature Neuroscience, 24(8), 1071-1076. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-021-00876-8
Harris, P. A., Taylor, R., Minor, B. L., Elliott, V., Fernandez, M., O'Neal, L., McLeod, L., Delacqua, G., Delacqua, F., Kirby, J., Duda, S. N., & REDCap Consortium. (2019). The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 95, 103208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208
Harris, P. A., Taylor, R., Thielke, R., Payne, J., Gonzalez, N., & Conde, J. G. (2009). Research electronic data capture (REDCap): a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 42(2), 377-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010
Hasler, G., Pinto, A., Greenberg, B. D., Samuels, J., Fyer, A. J., Pauls, D., Knowles, J. A., McCracken, J. T., Piacentini, J., Riddle, M. A., Rauch, S. L., Rasmussen, S. A., Willour, V. L., Grados, M. A., Cullen, B., Bienvenu, O. J., Shugart, Y.-Y., Liang, K.-Y., Hoehn-Saric, R., … OCD Collaborative Genetics Study. (2007). Familiality of factor analysis-derived YBOCS dimensions in OCD-affected sibling pairs from the OCD collaborative genetics study. Biological Psychiatry, 61(5), 617-625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.040
Howard, D. M., Adams, M. J., Clarke, T.-K., Hafferty, J. D., Gibson, J., Shirali, M., Coleman, J. R. I., Hagenaars, S. P., Ward, J., Wigmore, E. M., Alloza, C., Shen, X., Barbu, M. C., Xu, E. Y., Whalley, H. C., Marioni, R. E., Porteous, D. J., Davies, G., Deary, I. J., … McIntosh, A. M. (2019). Genome-wide meta-analysis of depression identifies 102 independent variants and highlights the importance of the prefrontal brain regions. Nature Neuroscience, 22(3), 343-352. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0326-7
Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2004). A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys: Results from two population-based studies. Research on Aging, 26(6), 655-672. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027504268574
Karno, M., Golding, J. M., Sorenson, S. B., & Burnam, M. A. (1988). The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in five US communities. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45(12), 1094-1099. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800360042006
Kichaev, G., & Pasaniuc, B. (2015). Leveraging functional-annotation data in trans-ethnic fine-mapping studies. American Journal of Human Genetics, 97(2), 260-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.06.007
Kichaev, G., Yang, W.-Y., Lindstrom, S., Hormozdiari, F., Eskin, E., Price, A. L., Kraft, P., & Pasaniuc, B. (2014). Integrating functional data to prioritize causal variants in statistical fine-mapping studies. PLoS Genetics, 10(10), e1004722. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004722
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
Lam, M., Chen, C.-Y., Li, Z., Martin, A. R., Bryois, J., Ma, X., Gaspar, H., Ikeda, M., Benyamin, B., Brown, B. C., Liu, R., Zhou, W., Guan, L., Kamatani, Y., Kim, S.-W., Kubo, M., Kusumawardhani, A. A. A. A., Liu, C.-M., Ma, H., … Huang, H. (2019). Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in east Asian and European populations. Nature Genetics, 51(12), 1670-1678. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0512-x
Lebowitz, E. R., Scharfstein, L., & Jones, J. (2015). Child-report of family accommodation in pediatric anxiety disorders: Comparison and integration with mother-report. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 46(4), 501-511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-014-0491-1
Lebowitz, E. R., Woolston, J., Bar-Haim, Y., Calvocoressi, L., Dauser, C., Warnick, E., Scahill, L., Chakir, A. R., Shechner, T., Hermes, H., Vitulano, L. A., King, R. A., & Leckman, J. F. (2013). Family accommodation in pediatric anxiety disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 30(1), 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.21998
Leckman, J. F., Bloch, M. H., & King, R. A. (2009). Symptom dimensions and subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A developmental perspective. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 11(1), 21-33. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19432385
Leckman, J. F., Denys, D., Simpson, H. B., Mataix-Cols, D., Hollander, E., Saxena, S., Miguel, E. C., Rauch, S. L., Goodman, W. K., Phillips, K. A., & Stein, D. J. (2010). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: A review of the diagnostic criteria and possible subtypes and dimensional specifiers for DSM-V. Depression and Anxiety, 27(6), 507-527. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20669
Lopez-Jaramillo, C., Neale, B., & Musick, A. (2022). PUMAS: Populations underrepresented in mental illness association studies project. European Neuropsychopharmacology: The Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 63, e23-e24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.07.054
Maples, B. K., Gravel, S., Kenny, E. E., & Bustamante, C. D. (2013). RFMix: A discriminative modeling approach for rapid and robust local-ancestry inference. American Journal of Human Genetics, 93(2), 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.06.020
Marques, L., LeBlanc, N. J., Weingarden, H. M., Timpano, K. R., Jenike, M., & Wilhelm, S. (2010). Barriers to treatment and service utilization in an internet sample of individuals with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Depression and Anxiety, 27(5), 470-475. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20694
Martin, A. R., Gignoux, C. R., Walters, R. K., Wojcik, G. L., Neale, B. M., Gravel, S., Daly, M. J., Bustamante, C. D., & Kenny, E. E. (2020). Human demographic history impacts genetic risk prediction across diverse populations. American Journal of Human Genetics, 107(4), 788-789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.08.020
Martin, A. R., Kanai, M., Kamatani, Y., Okada, Y., Neale, B. M., & Daly, M. J. (2019). Clinical use of current polygenic risk scores may exacerbate health disparities. Nature Genetics, 51(4), 584-591. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0379-x
Mataix-Cols, D., Boman, M., Monzani, B., Rück, C., Serlachius, E., Långström, N., & Lichtenstein, P. (2013). Population-based, multigenerational family clustering study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. JAMA Psychiatry, 70(7), 709-717. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.3
Mataix-Cols, D., Wooderson, S., Lawrence, N., Brammer, M. J., Speckens, A., & Phillips, M. L. (2004). Distinct neural correlates of washing, checking, and hoarding symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(6), 564-576. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.6.564
Mathers, C., & World Health Organization. (2008). The global burden of disease: 2004 update. World health Organization. https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Global_Burden_of_Disease.html?hl=&id=xrYYZ6Jcfv0C
McGuire, J. F., Piacentini, J., Lewin, A. B., Brennan, E. A., Murphy, T. K., & Storch, E. A. (2015). A meta-analysis of cognitive behavior therapy and medication for child obsessive-compulsive disorder: Moderators of treatment efficacy, response, and remission. Depression and Anxiety, 32(8), 580-593. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22389
Mokkink, L. B., Prinsen, C. A., Patrick, D. L., Alonso, J., Bouter, L. M., de Vet, H. C. W., & Terwee, C. B. (2019). COSMIN study design checklist for patient-reported outcome measurement instruments. Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 1-32. https://gut.bmj.com/content/gutjnl/70/1/139/DC1/embed/inline-supplementary-material-1.pdf?download=true
Molina, Y., Choi, S. W., Cella, D., & Rao, D. (2013). The stigma scale for chronic illnesses 8-item version (SSCI-8): Development, validation and use across neurological conditions. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20(3), 450-460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-012-9243-4
Ng, M. C. Y., Graff, M., Lu, Y., Justice, A. E., Mudgal, P., Liu, C.-T., Young, K., Yanek, L. R., Feitosa, M. F., Wojczynski, M. K., Rand, K., Brody, J. A., Cade, B. E., Dimitrov, L., Duan, Q., Guo, X., Lange, L. A., Nalls, M. A., Okut, H., … North, K. E. (2017). Discovery and fine-mapping of adiposity loci using high density imputation of genome-wide association studies in individuals of African ancestry: African ancestry anthropometry genetics consortium. PLoS Genetics, 13(4), e1006719. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1006719
Norris, E. T., Wang, L., Conley, A. B., Rishishwar, L., Mariño-Ramírez, L., Valderrama-Aguirre, A., & Jordan, I. K. (2018). Genetic ancestry, admixture and health determinants in Latin America. BMC Genomics, 19(Suppl 8), 861. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-5195-7
Pato, M. T., Sobell, J. L., Medeiros, H., Abbott, C., Sklar, B. M., Buckley, P. F., Bromet, E. J., Escamilla, M. A., Fanous, A. H., Lehrer, D. S., Macciardi, F., Malaspina, D., McCarroll, S. A., Marder, S. R., Moran, J., Morley, C. P., Nicolini, H., Perkins, D. O., Purcell, S. M., … Pato, C. N. (2013). The genomic psychiatry cohort: Partners in discovery. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, 162B(4), 306-312. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.32160
Pauls, D. L. (2010). The genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A review. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 12(2), 149-163.
Pauls, D. L., Abramovitch, A., Rauch, S. L., & Geller, D. A. (2014). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: An integrative genetic and neurobiological perspective. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 15(6), 410-424. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3746
Pe'er, I., Yelensky, R., Altshuler, D., & Daly, M. J. (2008). Estimation of the multiple testing burden for genomewide association studies of nearly all common variants. Genetic Epidemiology, 32(4), 381-385. https://doi.org/10.1002/gepi.20303
Perez, M. I., Limon, D. L., Candelari, A. E., Cepeda, S. L., Ramirez, A. C., Guzick, A. G., Kook, M., La Buissonniere Ariza, V., Schneider, S. C., Goodman, W. K., & Storch, E. A. (2022). Obsessive-compulsive disorder misdiagnosis among mental healthcare providers in Latin America. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 32, 100693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2021.100693
Peterson, R. E., Kuchenbaecker, K., Walters, R. K., Chen, C.-Y., Popejoy, A. B., Periyasamy, S., Lam, M., Iyegbe, C., Strawbridge, R. J., Brick, L., Carey, C. E., Martin, A. R., Meyers, J. L., Su, J., Chen, J., Edwards, A. C., Kalungi, A., Koen, N., Majara, L., … Duncan, L. E. (2019). Genome-wide association studies in ancestrally diverse populations: Opportunities, methods, pitfalls, and recommendations. Cell, 179(3), 589-603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.051
Quinn, H., Thissen, D., Liu, Y., Magnus, B., Lai, J.-S., Amtmann, D., Varni, J. W., Gross, H. E., & DeWalt, D. A. (2014). Using item response theory to enrich and expand the PROMIS pediatric self report banks. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 12, 160. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-014-0160-x
Ruan, Y., Lin, Y.-F., Feng, Y.-C. A., Chen, C.-Y., Lam, M., Guo, Z., Stanley Global Asia Initiatives, He, L., Sawa, A., Martin, A. R., Qin, S., Huang, H., & Ge, T. (2022). Improving polygenic prediction in ancestrally diverse populations. Nature Genetics, 54(5), 573-580. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-022-01054-7
Ruscio, A. M., Stein, D. J., Chiu, W. T., & Kessler, R. C. (2010). The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Molecular Psychiatry, 15(1), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2008.94
Sanderson, S. C., Diefenbach, M. A., Zinberg, R., Horowitz, C. R., Smirnoff, M., Zweig, M., Streicher, S., Jabs, E. W., & Richardson, L. D. (2013). Willingness to participate in genomics research and desire for personal results among underrepresented minority patients: A structured interview study. Journal of Community Genetics, 4(4), 469-482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12687-013-0154-0
Scahill, L., Riddle, M. A., McSwiggin-Hardin, M., Ort, S. I., King, R. A., Goodman, W. K., Cicchetti, D., & Leckman, J. F. (1997). Children's Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale: Reliability and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(6), 844-852. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199706000-00023
Schaid, D. J., Chen, W., & Larson, N. B. (2018). From genome-wide associations to candidate causal variants by statistical fine-mapping. Nature Reviews. Genetics, 19(8), 491-504. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-018-0016-z
Schwartz, R. C., & Del Prete-Brown, T. (2003). Construct validity of the global assessment of functioning scale for clients with anxiety disorder. Psychological Reports, 92(2), 548-550. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.92.2.548
Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., Hergueta, T., Baker, R., & Dunbar, G. C. (1998). The mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(Suppl 20), 22-33. quiz 34-57.
Sheehan, D. V., Sheehan, K. H., Shytle, R. D., Janavs, J., Bannon, Y., Rogers, J. E., Milo, K. M., Stock, S. L., & Wilkinson, B. (2010). Reliability and validity of the Mini international neuropsychiatric interview for children and adolescents (MINI-KID). The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71(3), 313-326. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.09m05305whi
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
Storch, E. A., McGuire, J. F., Wu, M. S., Hamblin, R., McIngvale, E., Cepeda, S. L., Schneider, S. C., Rufino, K. A., Rasmussen, S. A., Price, L. H., & Goodman, W. K. (2019). Development and psychometric evaluation of the children's Yale-brown obsessive-compulsive scale second edition. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(1), 92-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.05.029
Storch, E. A., Rasmussen, S. A., Price, L. H., Larson, M. J., Murphy, T. K., & Goodman, W. K. (2010). Development and psychometric evaluation of the yale-brown obsessive-compulsive scale: Second edition. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 223-232. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018492
Strom, N. I., Yu, D., Gerring, Z. F., Halvorsen, M. W., Abdellaoui, A., Rodriguez-Fontenla, C., Sealock, J. M., Bigdeli, T., Coleman, J. R. I., Mahjani, B., Thorp, J. G., Bey, K., Burton, C. L., Luykx, J. J., Zai, G., Askland, K. D., Barlassina, C., Nissen, J. B., Bellodi, L., … Mattheisen, M. (2021). Genome-wide association study identifies new locus associated with OCD. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.13.21261078
Sul, J. H., Martin, L. S., & Eskin, E. (2018). Population structure in genetic studies: Confounding factors and mixed models. PLoS Genetics, 14(12), e1007309. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007309
Taylor, S. (2013). Molecular genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comprehensive meta-analysis of genetic association studies. Molecular Psychiatry, 18(7), 799-805. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2012.76
Terwee, C. B., Prinsen, C. A. C., Chiarotto, A., Westerman, M. J., Patrick, D. L., Alonso, J., Bouter, L. M., de Vet, H. C. W., & Mokkink, L. B. (2018). COSMIN methodology for evaluating the content validity of patient-reported outcome measures: A Delphi study. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation, 27(5), 1159-1170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1829-0
Tolin, D. F., Gilliam, C., Wootton, B. M., Bowe, W., Bragdon, L. B., Davis, E., Hannan, S. E., Steinman, S. A., Worden, B., & Hallion, L. S. (2018). Psychometric properties of a structured diagnostic interview for DSM-5 anxiety, mood, and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Assessment, 25(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116638410
Trubetskoy, V., Pardiñas, A. F., Qi, T., Panagiotaropoulou, G., Awasthi, S., Bigdeli, T. B., Bryois, J., Chen, C.-Y., Dennison, C. A., Hall, L. S., Lam, M., Watanabe, K., Frei, O., Ge, T., Harwood, J. C., Koopmans, F., Magnusson, S., Richards, A. L., Sidorenko, J., … Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. (2022). Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia. Nature, 604(7906), 502-508. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04434-5
van Grootheest, D. S., Cath, D. C., Beekman, A. T., & Boomsma, D. I. (2005). Twin studies on obsessive-compulsive disorder: A review. Twin Research and Human Genetics: The Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies, 8(5), 450-458. https://doi.org/10.1375/183242705774310060
Wang, D., Liu, S., Warrell, J., Won, H., Shi, X., Navarro, F. C. P., Clarke, D., Gu, M., Emani, P., Yang, Y. T., Xu, M., Gandal, M. J., Lou, S., Zhang, J., Park, J. J., Yan, C., Rhie, S. K., Manakongtreecheep, K., Zhou, H., … Gerstein, M. B. (2018). Comprehensive functional genomic resource and integrative model for the human brain. Science, 362(6420), eaat8464. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat8464
Wetterneck, C. T., Little, T. E., Rinehart, K. L., Cervantes, M. E., Hyde, E., & Williams, M. (2012). Latinos with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Mental healthcare utilization and inclusion in clinical trials. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 1(2), 85-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2011.12.001
World Health Organization. (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/37958
Wu, M. S., Pinto, A., Horng, B., Phares, V., McGuire, J. F., Dedrick, R. F., Van Noppen, B., Calvocoressi, L., & Storch, E. A. (2016). Psychometric properties of the family accommodation scale for obsessive-compulsive disorder-patient version. Psychological Assessment, 28(3), 251-262. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000165
Wyss, A. B., Sofer, T., Lee, M. K., Terzikhan, N., Nguyen, J. N., Lahousse, L., Latourelle, J. C., Smith, A. V., Bartz, T. M., Feitosa, M. F., Gao, W., Ahluwalia, T. S., Tang, W., Oldmeadow, C., Duan, Q., de Jong, K., Wojczynski, M. K., Wang, X.-Q., Noordam, R., … London, S. J. (2018). Multiethnic meta-analysis identifies ancestry-specific and cross-ancestry loci for pulmonary function. Nature Communications, 9(1), 2976. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05369-0
Zou, Y., Carbonetto, P., Wang, G., & Stephens, M. (2022). Fine-mapping from summary data with the “sum of single effects” model. PLoS Genetics, 18(7), e1010299. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010299

Auteurs

James J Crowley (JJ)

Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Carolina Cappi (C)

Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Marcos E Ochoa-Panaifo (ME)

Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Lima, Peru.

Renee M Frederick (RM)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Minjee Kook (M)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Andrew D Wiese (AD)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Diana Rancourt (D)

Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.

Elizabeth G Atkinson (EG)

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Paola Giusti-Rodriguez (P)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Jacey L Anderberg (JL)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Jonathan S Abramowitz (JS)

Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Victor R Adorno (VR)

Hospital Psiquiátrico de Asunción, Direccion General, Asuncion, Central, Paraguay.

Cinthia Aguirre (C)

Departamento de Psiquiatría, Hospital Psiquiátrico de Asunción, Asuncion, Central, Paraguay.

Gilberto S Alves (GS)

Hospital Nina Rodrigues/Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Sao Luis do Maranhao, Maranhao, Brazil.

Gustavo S Alves (GS)

Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Serviço de Psiquiatria, Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia-LANP, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

NaEshia Ancalade (N)

Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Alejandro A Arellano Espinosa (AA)

Talk TOC, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Paul D Arnold (PD)

The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Daphne M Ayton (DM)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Izabela G Barbosa (IG)

Departamento de Saúde Mental da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Laura Marcela Barón Castano (LMB)

Hospital Psiquiátrico Universitario Del Valle, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

Cynthia N Barrera (CN)

Centro TOC México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

María Celeste Berardo (MC)

Centro Interdisciplinario de Tourette, TOC, TDAH y Trastornos Asociados (CITA), Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Dayan Berrones (D)

Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.

John R Best (JR)

Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Tim B Bigdeli (TB)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York, USA.

Christie L Burton (CL)

Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Joseph D Buxbaum (JD)

Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.

Jennifer L Callahan (JL)

Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.

Maria Cecília B Carneiro (MCB)

Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.

Sandra L Cepeda (SL)

Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.

Evelyn Chazelle (E)

Centro Interdisciplinario de Tourette, TOC, TDAH y Trastornos Asociados (CITA), Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Jessica M Chire (JM)

Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental "Honorio Delgado-Hideyo Noguchi", Dirección de Niños y Adolescentes Lima, Lima, Peru.

Macarena Churruca Munoz (MC)

Universidad de Valparaíso, Instituto de Fisiología Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile.

Pamela Claisse Quiroz (PC)

Universidad Intercontinental, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Journa Cobite (J)

Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

Jonathan S Comer (JS)

Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.

Daniel L Costa (DL)

Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Jennifer Crosbie (J)

Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Victor O Cruz (VO)

Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental "Honorio Delgado-Hideyo Noguchi", Oficina Ejecutiva de Investigación, Lima, Lima, Peru.
School of Medicine, Universidad San Martin de Porres, Lima, Lima, Peru.

Guillermo Dager (G)

Corporación Universitaria Rafael Nuñez, Cartagena, Bolivar, Colombia.

Luisa F Daza (LF)

Hospital Psiquiátrico Universitario Del Valle, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

Anabel de la Rosa-Gómez (A)

Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Daniela Del Río (D)

UTOC, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Fernanda Z Delage (FZ)

Departamento de Medicina Forense e Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.

Carolina B Dreher (CB)

Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Departamento de Psiquiatria, Clínica Médica, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Lucila Fay (L)

Centro Interdisciplinario de Tourette, TOC, TDAH y Trastornos Asociados (CITA), Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Tomas Fazio (T)

Centro Interdisciplinario de Tourette, TOC, TDAH y Trastornos Asociados (CITA), Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Ygor A Ferrão (YA)

Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Gabriela M Ferreira (GM)

Departamento de Medicina Forense e Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.

Edith G Figueroa (EG)

Departamento de Psiquiatría de Adultos, Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental "Honorio Delgado-Hideyo Noguchi", Lima, Lima, Peru.

Leonardo F Fontenelle (LF)

Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Departamento de Psiquiatria, Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Diego A Forero (DA)

Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Escuela de Salud y Ciencias del Deporte, Bogota, Bogota, Colombia.

Daniele T H Fragoso (DTH)

Departamento de Medicina Forense e Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.

Bharathi S Gadad (BS)

Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA.

Sheldon R Garrison (SR)

Rogers Behavioral Health, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, USA.

Andres González (A)

SIN TOC, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

Laura D Gonzalez (LD)

Centro Interdisciplinario de Tourette, TOC, TDAH y Trastornos Asociados (CITA), Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Marco A González (MA)

Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Polaris Gonzalez-Barrios (P)

Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.
Universidad de Puerto Rico Campus de Ciências Médicas, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.

Wayne K Goodman (WK)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Dorothy E Grice (DE)

Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.

Jerry Guintivano (J)

Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Daniel G Guttfreund (DG)

Private Practice, San Salvador, El Salvador.

Andrew G Guzick (AG)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Matthew W Halvorsen (MW)

Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Joseph D Hovey (JD)

Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA.

Hailiang Huang (H)

Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Jonathan Irreño-Sotomonte (J)

Center for Mental Health-Cersame, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, District of Colombia, Colombia.

Reinhard Janssen-Aguilar (R)

Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suarez, Subdirección de Psiquiatría, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Matias Jensen (M)

Centro de Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile.

Alexandra Z Jimenez Reynolds (AZ)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Joali Alexandra Juárez Lujambio (JAJ)

Talk TOC, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Nasim Khalfe (N)

Baylor College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Madison A Knutsen (MA)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Department of Psychology, Augustana College, Rock Island, Illinois, USA.

Caleb Lack (C)

Department of Psychology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma, USA.

Nuria Lanzagorta (N)

Departamento de Investigación Clínica, Grupo Médico Carracci, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Monicke O Lima (MO)

Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Melanie O Longhurst (MO)

Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA.

David A Lozada Martinez (DA)

Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Lima, Peru.

Elba S Luna (ES)

Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental "Honorio Delgado-Hideyo Noguchi", Oficina Ejecutiva de Investigación, Lima, Lima, Peru.

Andrea H Marques (AH)

National Institute of Mental Heatlh (NIMH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Molly S Martinez (MS)

DFW OCD Treatment Specialists, Richardson, Texas, USA.
Specialists in OCD and Anxiety Recovery (SOAR), Richardson, Texas, USA.

Maria de Los Angeles Matos (M)

Centro Interdisciplinario de Tourette, TOC, TDAH y Trastornos Asociados (CITA), Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Caitlyn E Maye (CE)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Joseph F McGuire (JF)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Gabriela Menezes (G)

Programa de Ansiedade, Obsessões e Compulsões, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Charlene Minaya (C)

Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, New York, USA.

Tomás Miño (T)

Centro de Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile.

Sara M Mithani (SM)

School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

Circe Montes de Oca (CM)

México Sin Estres, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Alonso Morales-Rivero (A)

Centro Médico ABC, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Maria E Moreira-de-Oliveira (ME)

Programa de Ansiedade, Obsessões e Compulsões, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Olivia J Morris (OJ)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Sandra I Muñoz (SI)

Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Zainab Naqqash (Z)

Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Ambar A Núñez Bracho (AA)

SIN TOC, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

Belinda E Núñez Bracho (BE)

SIN TOC, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

Maria Corina Ochoa Rojas (MCO)

Hospital Psiquiátrico Universitario Del Valle, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

Luis A Olavarria Castaman (LA)

Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Lima, Peru.

Trinidad Olivos Balmaceda (TO)

Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile.

Iliana Ortega (I)

The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Darpan I Patel (DI)

School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

Ainsley K Patrick (AK)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Mariel Paz Y Mino (M)

Clínica de Salud Mental USFQ, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.
Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador.

Jose L Perales Orellana (JL)

Universidad Tegnológica Privada de Santa Cruz (UTEPSA), Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Andres Ibañez, Bolivia.

Bárbara Perdigão Stumpf (BP)

Departamento de Saúde Mental da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Tamara Peregrina (T)

México Sin Estres, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Tania Pérez Duarte (TP)

Centro TOC México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Kelly L Piacsek (KL)

Rogers Behavioral Health, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, USA.

Maritza Placencia (M)

Departamento Académico de Ciencias Dinámicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Lima, Peru.

María Belén Prieto (MB)

Centro Interdisciplinario de Tourette, TOC, TDAH y Trastornos Asociados (CITA), Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Lucas C Quarantini (LC)

Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Serviço de Psiquiatria, Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia-LANP, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Departamento de Neurociências e Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

Yana Quarantini-Alvim (Y)

Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Serviço de Psiquiatria, Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia-LANP, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Faculdade Santa Casa, Faculdade de Psicologia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

Renato T Ramos (RT)

Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Iaroslava C Ramos (IC)

Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, Frederick Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Vanessa R Ramos (VR)

Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Kesley A Ramsey (KA)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Elise V Ray (EV)

Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Margaret A Richter (MA)

Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Bradley C Riemann (BC)

Rogers Behavioral Health, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, USA.

Juan C Rivas (JC)

Hospital Psiquiátrico Universitario Del Valle, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Departamento de Psiquiatria, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

Maria C Rosario (MC)

Departamento de Psiquiatria da, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Camilo J Ruggero (CJ)

Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.

Angel A Ruiz-Chow (AA)

Centro Médico ABC, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Alejandra Ruiz-Velasco (A)

Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA.

Melisa N Sagarnaga (MN)

Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Aline S Sampaio (AS)

Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Serviço de Psiquiatria, Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia-LANP, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Departamento de Neurociências e Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

Leonardo C Saraiva (LC)

Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Russell J Schachar (RJ)

Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Sophie C Schneider (SC)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Ethan J Schweissing (EJ)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Laura D Seligman (LD)

Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA.

Roseli G Shavitt (RG)

Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Keaton J Soileau (KJ)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

S Evelyn Stewart (SE)

Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Shaina B Storch (SB)

Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Emily R Strouphauer (ER)

Baylor College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Vissente Tapia Cuevas (VT)

Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile.

Kiara R Timpano (KR)

Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.

Beatriz Treviño-de la Garza (BT)

Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.

Alexie Vallejo-Silva (A)

Center for Mental Health-Cersame, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, District of Colombia, Colombia.

Javier Vargas-Medrano (J)

Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA.

María I Vásquez (MI)

Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Servicio de Salud Mental, Lima, Lima, Peru.

Guadalupe Vidal Martinez (GV)

Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA.

Saira A Weinzimmer (SA)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Mauricio A Yanez (MA)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Gwyneth Zai (G)

Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Molecular Brain Sciences, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Neurogenetics Section, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Lina M Zapata-Restrepo (LM)

Departamento de Psiquiatria, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Valle, Colombia.
Department of Neurology, Global Brain Health Institute-University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

Luz M Zappa (LM)

Centro Interdisciplinario de Tourette, TOC, TDAH y Trastornos Asociados (CITA), Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Departamento de Salud Mental, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutierrez, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Hospital Universitario Austral, Materno Infantil, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Raquel M Zepeda-Burgos (RM)

Centro de Investigación en Ciencias y Humanidades, Universidad Dr. José Matías Delgado, Santa Tecla, La Libertad, El Salvador.

Anthony W Zoghbi (AW)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.

Euripedes C Miguel (EC)

Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Carolyn I Rodriguez (CI)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.

Mayra C Martinez Mallen (MC)

Centro Médico ABC, Ciudad de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Pablo R Moya (PR)

Universidad de Valparaíso, Instituto de Fisiología Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile.
Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaiso (CINV), Valparaiso, Chile.

Tania Borda (T)

Instituto Realize, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Catolica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

María Beatriz Moyano (MB)

Centro Interdisciplinario de Tourette, TOC, TDAH y Trastornos Asociados (CITA), Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Asociación de Psiquiatras Argentinos (APSA), Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Asociación de Psiquiatras Argentinos (APSA), Presidente del Capítulo de Investigacion en Psiquiatria, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Manuel Mattheisen (M)

Department of Community Health and Epidemiology & Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
LMU Munich, Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Munich, Germany.

Stacey Pereira (S)

Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Houston, Texas, USA.

Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz (G)

Center for Bioethics, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Karen G Martinez-Gonzalez (KG)

Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA.

Michele T Pato (MT)

Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.

Humberto Nicolini (H)

Departamento de Psiquiatría, Ciudad de México, Grupo Médico Carracci, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Ciudad de México, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.

Eric A Storch (EA)

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Classifications MeSH