Nutrient insufficiencies and deficiencies involved in the pathogenesis of bruxism (Review).
bruxism
iron
magnesium
neurodegeneration
omega-3 fatty acids
vitamin D
Journal
Experimental and therapeutic medicine
ISSN: 1792-1015
Titre abrégé: Exp Ther Med
Pays: Greece
ID NLM: 101531947
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Dec 2023
Dec 2023
Historique:
received:
19
05
2023
accepted:
02
10
2023
medline:
13
11
2023
pubmed:
13
11
2023
entrez:
13
11
2023
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Stress has been well-documented to have a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of bruxism. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and subsequent release of corticosteroids lead to increased muscle activity. Neurological studies have demonstrated that chronic stress exposure induces neurodegeneration of important neuronal structures and destabilization of the mesocortical dopaminergic pathway. These disruptions impair the abilities to counteract the overactivity of the HPA axis and disinhibit involuntary muscle activity, while at the same time, there is activation of the amygdala. Recent evidence shows that overactivation of the amygdala under stressful stimuli causes rhythmic jaw muscle activity by over activating the mesencephalic and motor trigeminal nuclei. The present review aimed to discuss the negative effects of certain vitamin and mineral deficiencies, such as vitamin D, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids, on the central nervous system. It provides evidence on how such insufficiencies may increase stress sensitivity and neuromuscular excitability and thereby reduce the ability to effectively respond to the overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, and also how stress can in turn lead to these insufficiencies. Finally, the positive effects of individualized supplementation are discussed in the context of diminishing anxiety and oxidative stress, neuroprotection and in the reversal of neurodegeneration, and also in alleviating/reducing neuromuscular symptoms.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37954114
doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.12262
pii: ETM-26-6-12262
pmc: PMC10632959
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
563Informations de copyright
Copyright: © Pavlou et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
IAP, MA and VZ declare that they have no competing interests. DAS is the Editor-in-Chief for the journal, but had no personal involvement in the reviewing process, or any influence in terms of adjudicating on the final decision for this article.
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