Introduction: What Are Dendritic Spines?
Behavior
Biochemical compartmentalization
Morphology and function
Neural circuits
Postsynaptic processing
Synapse
Synaptic plasticity
Journal
Advances in neurobiology
ISSN: 2190-5215
Titre abrégé: Adv Neurobiol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101571545
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2023
2023
Historique:
medline:
15
11
2023
pubmed:
14
11
2023
entrez:
14
11
2023
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Dendritic spines are cellular specializations that greatly increase the connectivity of neurons and modulate the "weight" of most postsynaptic excitatory potentials. Spines are found in very diverse animal species providing neural networks with a high integrative and computational possibility and plasticity, enabling the perception of sensorial stimuli and the elaboration of a myriad of behavioral displays, including emotional processing, memory, and learning. Humans have trillions of spines in the cerebral cortex, and these spines in a continuum of shapes and sizes can integrate the features that differ our brain from other species. In this chapter, we describe (1) the discovery of these small neuronal protrusions and the search for the biological meaning of dendritic spines; (2) the heterogeneity of shapes and sizes of spines, whose structure and composition are associated with the fine-tuning of synaptic processing in each nervous area, as well as the findings that support the role of dendritic spines in increasing the wiring of neural circuits and their functions; and (3) within the intraspine microenvironment, the integration and activation of signaling biochemical pathways, the compartmentalization of molecules or their spreading outside the spine, and the biophysical properties that can affect parent dendrites. We also provide (4) examples of plasticity involving dendritic spines and neural circuits relevant to species survival and comment on (5) current research advancements and challenges in this exciting research field.
Identifiants
pubmed: 37962793
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-36159-3_1
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1-68Informations de copyright
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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