Approaches for electroplating sludge treatment and disposal technology: Reduction, pretreatment and reuse.

Electroplating sludge (ES) has become an obstacle to the sustainable development of the electroplating industry. Electroplating sludge has a large storage capacity, with a high concentration of soluble pollutants (heavy metals), which has great potential to harm the local ecosystems and human health. Although much research has been done in this area, there seems to be no mature and stable solution. Therefore, the latest technologies for the reduction, pretreatment and reuse of electroplating sludge are emphatically introduced based on the analysis of the characteristics of electroplating sludge and its impact on the ecological environment. The factors hindering the treatment and disposal of electroplating sludge are pointed out, and reasonable and feasible suggestions to solve this problem are proposed. The solidification and removal mechanism of heavy metals in electroplating sludge is emphatically analyzed. The physicochemical and separation processes of heavy metals, as well as thermal treatment technique are discussed. Finally, it is proposed to establish a database of the physicochemical properties and elemental content of electroplating sludge to achieve its systematic treatment and digestion. We hope that this paper can help solve the problem of electroplating sludge and promote the sustainable development of the electroplating industry.

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.